七元瓜环与芦竹碱的主客体相互作用

利用紫外可见吸收光谱法和荧光光谱法分别考察了七元瓜环(Q[7])与芦竹碱(Gramine)在溶液中的主客体相互作用;考察了p H值对主客体相互作用的影响,并利用摩尔比法和Job法计算了主客体相互作用的作用比以及稳定常数;利用等温量热滴定法进一步考察了Q[7]与Gramine主客体相互作用的热力学参数。实验结果表明Gramine与Q[7]在很宽的p H介质条件下(2p H10)都能发生主客体相互作用,在酸性、中性水溶液中形成2∶1的主客体配合物,而在碱性溶液中则形成1∶1的主客体配合物。Gramine与Q[7]的主客体相互作用过程主要是以焓驱动为主的过程。相溶解度实验的结果表明当Q[7]的浓度为1.0×10~(-3)mol·L~(-1)时,可使Gramine的溶解度增大82倍。     

七、八元瓜环对萘二胺异构体相互作用的考察

利用紫外吸收光谱、荧光光谱以及¹H NMR方法考察了七、八元瓜环(Q[7], Q[8])与1,8-萘二胺(g1), 2,3-萘二胺(g2), 1,5-萘二胺(g3)的相互作用. 实验结果表明: Q[7]与客体g1发生端口作用, 作用比为1∶1; Q[7]与客体g2, g3相互作用也形成1∶1的包结配合物. Q[8]与三种客体相互作用情况各不相同, 除Q[8]与客体g2相互作用形成1∶2的包结配合物; Q[8]与客体g1或g3可发生相互作用, 形成溶解性较差的作用产物, 其表观相互作用的比例为1∶1. 考察溶液酸度对主客体相互作用的影响还表明: 当pH大于某一值之后, 如Q[7]主客体体系, pH大于6.0; Q[8]主客体体系, pH大于12.0, 用光谱方法观察不到瓜环与客体的相互作用. Q[7], Q[8]为主体的上述主客体作用产物分别与金刚烷胺盐酸盐、1,10-癸二胺盐酸盐的竞争反应结果表明, 已作用的萘二胺异构体容易被所选用的竞争客体所取代, 只有g2与Q[8]形成的包结配合物被1,10-癸二胺盐酸盐部分取代.     

七元瓜环对阿糖胞苷稳定性的影响

研究了七元瓜环(Q[7])与抗癌药物阿糖胞苷(Ara-C)的不同质子化存在形式之间的超分子相互作用, 探讨了超分子包合作用对药物电离平衡常数及药物稳定性的影响. 结果表明, Q[7]使得Ara-C的pK_a降低了约0.3个单位, Q[7]与Ara-C的2种存在形式(Ara-C⁺及Ara-C)均可形成1∶1的主客体包结配合物, Ara-C以其嘧啶环进入Q[7]空腔, 而核糖环位于瓜环端口发生相互作用; Q[7]与Ara-C作用后对药物起到保护性载体的作用, 从而提高了药物的稳定性.     

甲氨蝶呤的电化学测定及与溶菌酶相互作用的研究

研究甲氨蝶呤(MTX)在石墨烯修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为,探讨MTX与溶菌酶(LYSO)的相互作用及其作用机理。结果发现,在pH 4.5的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液中,石墨烯修饰电极对MTX的电化学氧化具有明显的催化作用,氧化峰电流相对于在裸玻碳电极上增加了5倍。线性范围为0.05~3.0μmol/L,检出限(S/N=3)为0.02μmol/L。对0.8μmol/L的MTX11次平行测定,RSD为3.5%。当LYSO加入MTX溶液后,其峰电流降低。紫外光谱有红移增色效应。MTX与LYSO结合比为1∶1,结合常数为4.9×105L/mol。方法可用于MTX片药物的检测及与蛋白相互作用的研究。     

(聚酰胺-胺)树状大分子对甲氨蝶呤的复合和释放研究

以甲氨蝶呤(MTX)为模型药物,研究了PAMAM与MTX的复合及体外释放.1H-,13C-NMR数据表明MTX与PAMAM树状大分子形成复合物是由于MTX羧基和PAMAM树状大分子外端氨基之间的相互作用.该复合物在pH=7.4,10 mmol/L Tris-HCl中非常稳定,表现出明显的缓释效果.当溶液中的离子强度增加时,会破坏PAMAM-MTX复合物的稳定性,缓释作用部分或全部失去,说明PAMAM树状大分子与MTX之间的相互作用属于静电作用.UV测得每个G5.0 PAMAM、G4.0 PAMAM树状大分子分别能复合271、4个MTX分子.     

瓜环{Q[n]}与染料碱性嫩黄O相互作用的研究

利用1H NMR和UV-vis研究了瓜环{Q[n](n=6,7)}与染料碱性嫩黄O(BO)的相互作用及其包结比【n{Q[n]}∶n(BO)】,结果表明,BO能穿过Q[7]空腔形成2∶1的包结配合物,能与Q[6]以端口的形式相互作用,配位比1∶1。     

反气相色谱法表征离子液体1-己基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐的热力学参数（英文）

采用反气相色谱法(IGC)表征了离子液体(IL)1-己基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([HMIM]BF4)在343.15~373.15 K温度范围内的热力学参数。使用了一系列不同化学结构的探针分子测定[HMIM]BF4与溶剂之间的相互作用力。根据探针分子的保留时间计算得到探针分子与[HMIM]BF4之间的Flory-Huggins相互作用参数、摩尔吸附焓、无限稀释摩尔混合焓、摩尔蒸发焓、无限稀释活度系数以及[HMIM]BF4的溶解度参数。结果表明,n-C6、n-C7、n-C8、n-C9、乙醚、四氢呋喃、苯、环己烷为[HMIM]BF4的不良溶剂;甲苯、间二甲苯、甲醇、乙醇、二氯甲烷、四氯化碳、氯仿、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯为[HMIM]BF4的良溶剂。运用外推法得到了[HMIM]BF4在室温(298.15K)时的溶解度参数为23.70(J·cm-3)0.5。实验结果证明反气相色谱法是一种简便准确的获得离子液体热力学参数的方法。获得的热力学参数体现了这种离子液体与探针分子之间的相互作用力。本研究为离子液体的进一步应用提供了参考。     

Interaction of Cucurbit [ n = 7,8 ] uril with Ranitidine Hydrochloride and Slow Release Properties

研究了七元瓜环(Q[7])和八元瓜环(Q[8])与盐酸雷尼替丁(RH)的包合作用及包合物的体外药物缓释性能.采用紫外-可见光谱法测定了体系的包合比、包合稳定常数和药物累积释放度;用1H NMR技术考察了体系主-客体的包合作用.结果表明,Q[7]和Q[8]与RH在酸性及中性条件下均能发生1∶1包合作用,包合稳定常数分别为1.21 ×104和2.06X104 L/mol;在碱性条件下则不发生包合作用.原药RH,Q[7]-RH及Q[8]-RH包合物在人工胃液(pH=1.2)中的60 min累积释放度分别为89.1％,56.6％和38.4％;而在人工肠液(pH=6.8)中三者的60 min累积释放度分别为90.2％,58.7％和38.0％.实验结果表明,Q[7]及Q[8]包合对RH有明显的体外缓释作用.     

七、八元瓜环对盐酸雷尼替丁的包合作用及缓释性能

研究了七元瓜环(Q[7])和八元瓜环(Q[8])与盐酸雷尼替丁(RH)的包合作用及包合物的体外药物缓释性能.采用紫外-可见光谱法测定了体系的包合比、包合稳定常数和药物累积释放度;用1H NMR技术考察了体系主-客体的包合作用.结果表明,Q[7]和Q[8]与RH在酸性及中性条件下均能发生1∶1包合作用,包合稳定常数分别为1.21×104和2.06×104 L/mol;在碱性条件下则不发生包合作用.原药RH,Q[7]-RH及Q[8]-RH包合物在人工胃液(pH=1.2)中的60 min累积释放度分别为89.1%,56.6%和38.4%;而在人工肠液(pH=6.8)中三者的60 min累积释放度分别为90.2%,58.7%和38.0%.实验结果表明,Q[7]及Q[8]包合对RH有明显的体外缓释作用.     

七、八元瓜环与3-氨基香豆素的主客体相互作用

利用紫外-可见吸收光谱法、荧光光谱法、等温量热滴定法和核磁共振波谱法考察了七、八元瓜环(Q[7]、Q[8])与3-氨基香豆素(3-AC)之间的主客体相互作用。结果表明Q[7]与3-AC在pH=1.03的条件下形成包结比为1∶1的主客体配合物,紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光吸收光谱测得的主客体包结稳定常数分别为3.789×10~4 L·mol~(-1)、4.136×10~4 L·mol~(-1);Q[8]与3-AC在pH=1.03～6.97条件下均形成包结比为1∶1的主客体配合物,在中性条件下,紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光吸收光谱测得的主客体包结稳定常数分别为2.551×10~5 L·mol~(-1)、2.455×10~5 L·mol~(-1)。其包结模式为3-氨基香豆素分子完全进入Q[7]或Q[8]分子空腔,主客体相互作用过程主要由焓和熵驱动。相溶解度法研究表明Q[7]、Q[8]的介入使3-AC在水中的溶解度分别增加了1.26倍和2.04倍。     

瓜环与喹啉衍生物包结配合行为研究

利用¹H NMR以及荧光技术研究了六、七、八元瓜环与2-苯基喹啉、N-正丙基溴化异喹啉、3-氨基喹啉及7,8-苯并喹啉的相互作用.两种方法的考察结果均表明,2-苯基喹啉能与这3种瓜环发生相互作用,其中六、七元瓜环与2-苯基喹啉形成1∶1的稳定包结配合物,包结常数分别为1.6×10⁴和3.2×10³L/mol.八元瓜环能与2-苯基喹啉形成1∶2包结物.¹H NMR结果还表明,3种瓜环均能与N-正丙基溴化异喹啉相互作用,其化学计量比均为1∶2;七元瓜环与7,8-苯并喹啉相互作用,化学计量比约为1∶1.荧光法也表明八元瓜环能与N-正丙基溴化异喹啉、3-氨基喹啉及7,8-苯并喹啉发生相互作用,并且荧光强度随瓜环浓度增加而下降,其化学计量比为1∶2.同时,讨论了上述主客体包结配合物的作用模式.     

瓜环类超分子药物载体的研究进展

瓜环具有“内疏水、外亲水”的特殊分子结构,可以多种有机物发生主客体相互作用而形成自组装分子胶囊或超分子实体,使其在环境、医药、化学分离、材料的改性等方面都有着广泛的应用前景。本文结合自己的工作,参考国内外文献综述了瓜环在药物载体及药物传输方面的研究进展,并就瓜环在药物领域的发展作一展望。     

Study on the Interaction and Properties of Cucurbit[8]uril with Oroxin B

The interaction between cucurbit[8]uril(Q[8]) and oroxin B(ORB) was investigated by UV-visible(UV-Vis) spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry(ITC), mass spectrum(MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectroscopy. The results showed that ORB formed a 2:1 inclusion complex with Q[8] with a binding constant of 8.266×10⁵ L²·mol^-2. ORB had good scavenging ability for 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate)(ABTS) free radicals(IC₅₀=5.74 μmol/L) and the addition of Q[8] did not significantly affect the antioxidant activity of ORB(IC₅₀=5.76 μmol/L). A phase solubility experiment revealed a 1.86-fold increase in the solubility of ORB when c(Q[8])=100 μmol/L. In vitro drug release experiments showed that the release rate for ORB@Q[8] complex was lower than that of ORB in artificial intestinal juice, and higher than that of ORB in artificial gastric juice.     

Host–guest complexes of some cucurbit[n]urils with the hydrochloride salts of some imidazole derivatives

Interaction between the normal cucurbit[n]urils (n = 6,7,8; Q[6], Q[7], Q[8]) and a sym-tetramethyl-substituted cucurbit[6]uril derivative (TMeQ[6]) with the hydrochloride salts of some imidazole derivatives N-(4-hydroxylphenyl)imidazole (g1), N-(4-aminophenyl)imidazole (g2), 2-phenylimidazole (g3) in aqueous solution was investigated by using ¹H NMR spectroscopy, electronic absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy, as well as by using a single crystal X-ray diffraction determination. The ¹H NMR spectra analysis established a basic interaction model in which inclusion complexes with a host:guest ratio of 1:1 forms for the Q[6]s and Q[7] cases, while with a host:guest ratio of 1:2 form for the Q[8] cases. It was common that the hosts selectively bound the phenyl moiety of the guests. Absorption spectrophotometric and fluorescence spectroscopic analysis in aqueous solution defined the stability of the host–guest inclusion complexes at pH 5.8 with a host:guest ratio of 1:1 form quantitatively as logK values between 4 and 5 for the smaller hosts Q[6 or 7]s, while with a host:guest ratio of 1:2 form quantitatively as logK values between 11 and 12 for the host Q[8]. Two single crystal X-ray structures of the inclusion complexes TMeQ[6]-g2 · HCl and TMeQ[6]-g3 · HCl showed the phenyl moiety of these two guests inserted into the host cavity, which supported particularly the ¹H NMR spectroscopic study in solution.     

Controllable fabrication of a supramolecular polymer incorporating twisted cucurbit[14]uril and cucurbit[8]uril via self-sorting

A linear supramolecular polymer with controllable features based on twisted cucurbit[14]uril (tQ[14]) and cucurbit[8]uril (Q[8]) was firstly fabricated via an effective self-sorting strategy. Herein we designed a monomer, 1?butyl?1′-(naphthalen- 2-ylmethyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium bromide (BNB), that contains bipyridyl, aliphatic butyl and aromatic naphthyl groups, simultaneously. Two host molecules, tQ[14] and Q[8] were employed to develop an effective strategy for constructing a linear supramolecular polymer with controllable features. The alkyl groups on both sides of BNB could insert into the two cavities of tQ[14], the naphthyl part of BNB via π-π stacking in Q[8] cavity, serving as the driving force for supramolecular polymerization. Through self-sorting of the monomer, tQ[14] and Q[8], led to the formation of the linear supramolecular polymer. Depolymerization could be achieved by addition of adamantane hydrochloride (AH) which driven two BNB guest molecules out of the Q[8] cavity. This self-sorting strategy has great potential, not only for designing supramolecular polymer materials with different controllable structures through introduction of multiple functional groups, but also for broadening the application of twisted cucurbit[14]uril in supramolecular chemistry.     

六元瓜环与二氯化-1,8-二(2-苯并咪唑基)辛烷的自组装模式

采用¹H NMR、 荧光光谱和紫外吸收光谱法考察了主体六元瓜环与合成客体二氯化-1,8-二(2-苯并咪唑基)辛烷的自组装模式. 结果表明, 六元瓜环能与二氯化-1,8-二(2-苯并咪唑基)辛烷发生相互作用, 瓜环包结客体分子的苯并咪唑基团, 烷基链置于瓜环端口外侧. 自组装模式与主客体的摩尔比密切相关. 当主客体的摩尔比为1:1时, 1个瓜环包结客体分子的一端苯并咪唑基团形成棒槌形的包结配合物; 当主客体的摩尔比为2:1时, 2个瓜环分别包结客体分子的两端苯并咪唑基团形成哑铃型的主客体包结配合物.     

八元瓜环对氯化矢车菊素溶解性、稳定性及抗氧化性的影响

采用核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)、 红外光谱及紫外吸收光谱等方法考察了八元瓜环(Q[8])对氯化矢车菊素(Cy)的包结作用. 结果表明, 在pH=0.8的盐酸介质中, Q[8]可与Cy形成摩尔比为1:1的主客体配合物, 紫外吸收光谱法测得的主-客体结合常数为1.51×10⁶ . 相溶解度研究结果表明, Q[8]能使饱和Cy溶液的溶解度增大, 当Q[8]浓度为100 μmol/L时, 可使Cy的溶解度增大12.21倍. 紫外吸收光谱随时间变化结果表明, 在较为稳定存在形态及相同实验条件下, Q[8]/Cy溶液比Cy溶液的稳定性提高了2.58倍. 抗氧化性实验结果表明, Q[8]/Cy包合物和Cy均表现出较好的抗氧化活性.     

Cucurbit[n]uril binding of platinum anticancer complexes

The encapsulation of cisplatin by cucurbit[7]uril (Q[7]) and multinuclear platinum complexes linked via a 4,4'-dipyrazolylmethane (dpzm) ligand by Q[7] and cucurbit[8]uril (Q[8]) has been studied by NMR spectroscopy and molecular modelling. The NMR studies suggest that some cisplatin binds in the cucurbituril cavity, while cis-[PtCl(NH3)2(H2O)]+ only binds at the portals. Alternatively, the dpzm-linked multinuclear platinum complexes are quantitatively encapsulated within the cavities of both Q[7] and Q[8]. Upon encapsulation, the non-exchangeable proton resonances of the multinuclear platinum complexes show significant upfield shifts in 1H NMR spectra. The H3/H3* resonances shift upfield by 0.08 to 0.55 ppm, the H5/H5* shift by 0.9 to 1.6 ppm, while the methylene resonances shift by 0.74 to 0.88 ppm. The size of the resonance shift is dependent on the cavity size of the encapsulating cucurbituril, with Q[7] encapsulation producing larger shifts than Q[8]. The upfield shifts of the dpzm resonances observed upon cucurbituril encapsulation indicate that the Q[7] or Q[8] is positioned directly over the dpzm linking ligand. The terminal platinum groups of trans-[{PtCl(NH3)2}2 mu-dpzm]2+ (di-Pt) and trans-[trans-{PtCl(NH3)2}2-trans-{Pt(dpzm)2(NH3)2}]4+ (tri-Pt) provide a barrier to the on and off movement of cucurbituril, resulting in binding kinetics that are slow on the NMR timescale for the metal complex. Although the dpzm ligand has relatively few rotamers, encapsulation by the larger Q[8] resulted in a more compact di-Pt conformation with each platinum centre retracted further into each Q[8] portal. Encapsulation of the hydrolysed forms of di-Pt and tri-Pt is considerably slower than for the corresponding Cl forms, presumably due to the high-energy cost of passing the +2 platinum centres through the cucurbituril portals. The results of this study suggest that cucurbiturils could be suitable hosts for the pharmacological delivery of multinuclear platinum complexes.     

A water soluble tetramethyl-substituted cucurbit[8]uril obtained from larger intermediates?

A new water soluble tetramethyl-substituted cucurbit[8]uril (Me₄Q[8]) was easily isolated from cucurbit[n]uril product mixture which was synthesized by using the dimer of glycoluril and diether of dimethyl substituted glycoluril. Crystal structure analysis shows that Me₄Q[8] is constructed of building blocks: three dimmers and two dimethyl glycolurils, the two dimethyl glycolurils are separated by a dimer of glycoluril. It is speculated that Me₄Q[8] is degraded by a larger hexamethyl substituted Q[9] or larger intermediates.