Interaction of Cucurbit [ n = 7,8 ] uril with Ranitidine Hydrochloride and Slow Release Properties

研究了七元瓜环(Q[7])和八元瓜环(Q[8])与盐酸雷尼替丁(RH)的包合作用及包合物的体外药物缓释性能.采用紫外-可见光谱法测定了体系的包合比、包合稳定常数和药物累积释放度;用1H NMR技术考察了体系主-客体的包合作用.结果表明,Q[7]和Q[8]与RH在酸性及中性条件下均能发生1∶1包合作用,包合稳定常数分别为1.21 ×104和2.06X104 L/mol;在碱性条件下则不发生包合作用.原药RH,Q[7]-RH及Q[8]-RH包合物在人工胃液(pH=1.2)中的60 min累积释放度分别为89.1％,56.6％和38.4％;而在人工肠液(pH=6.8)中三者的60 min累积释放度分别为90.2％,58.7％和38.0％.实验结果表明,Q[7]及Q[8]包合对RH有明显的体外缓释作用.     

七、八元瓜环对盐酸他克林的包合作用及pH敏感释药性能的研究

利用紫外光谱、荧光光谱、1H NMR等技术研究七元瓜环(Q[7])、八元瓜环(Q[8])与盐酸他克林(THA)的主-客体包合作用及pH敏感释药性能。测得Q[7]-THA、Q[8]-THA体系作用的包合比分别为2∶1和1∶1、包合平衡常数分别为1. 85×10~4L·mol~(-1)和1. 98×10~4L·mol~(-1)。在pH=1. 2、pH=4. 0、pH=6. 8介质中,包合物Q[7]-THA的400min体外累积释放分别为49. 58%、53. 80%、56. 48%,包合物Q[8]-THA的体外累积释放分别为46. 11%、47. 40%、51. 49%,THA原药的体外累积释放分别为99. 33%、98. 41%、96. 87%。结果表明Q[7]及Q[8]的包合对THA有明显的pH敏感性缓释作用。     

吡啶基咪唑[4,5-f]1,10-菲咯啉的合成、表征及与瓜环作用的光谱学考察

设计合成了2个吡啶基菲略啉衍生物2-(3-吡啶基)咪唑[4,5-f]1,10.菲咯啉(G1)和2-(4-吡啶基)咪唑[4,5-f]1,10-菲咯啉(G2),通过元素分析、质谱和核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行了表征.利用紫外吸收光谱和荧光光谱法考察了所合成化合物与六元瓜环Q[6]、七元瓜环Q[7]的相互作用,以及体系pH值对主-客体相互作用的影响.在酸性条件下,Q[6]、Q[7]与Gl以及Q[6]与G2均发生包合形成1∶1的包合物,并有荧光增敏作用;Q[7]与G2作用形成1∶2包合物,且对G2有荧光猝灭作用;Q[6]、Q[7]与G1的包合常数分别为3.00×104和1.86×104L/mol;Q[6]、Q[7]与G2的包合常数分别为1.64×104和1.01×103L/mol.随着体系酸性减弱,瓜环与客体作用减弱,在中性条件下,瓜环未与客体发生包合作用.     

吡啶基咪唑[4,5-f]1,10-菲咯啉合成、表征及与瓜环作用的光谱学考察

设计合成了2个吡啶基菲咯啉衍生物2-(3-吡啶基)咪唑[4,5-f]1,10-菲咯啉(G1)和2-(4-吡啶基)咪唑[4,5-f]1,10-菲咯啉(G2),通过元素分析、质谱和核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行了表征。 利用紫外吸收光谱和荧光光谱法考察了所合成化合物与六元瓜环Q[6]、七元瓜环Q[7]的相互作用,以及体系pH值对主-客体相互作用的影响。 在酸性条件下,Q[6]、Q[7]与Gl以及Q[6]与G2均发生包合形成1∶1的包合物,并有荧光增敏作用;Q[7]与G2作用形成1∶2包合物,且对G2有荧光猝灭作用;Q[6]、Q[7]与G1的包合常数分别为3.00×104和1.86×104 L/mol;Q[6]、Q[7]与G2的包合常数分别为1.64×104和1.01×103 L/mol。 随着体系酸性减弱,瓜环与客体作用减弱,在中性条件下,瓜环未与客体发生包合作用。     

八元瓜环与黄岑苷的主客体相互作用及对黄岑苷性质的影响

利用紫外吸收光谱和核磁共振波谱(NMR)等方法考察了八元瓜环(Q[8])与黄岑苷(BAL)之间的相互作用.结果表明,Q[8]与BAL形成了摩尔比为1∶1的包结配合物,包结稳定常数K=2. 8×104L/mol.相溶解度法研究结果表明,当Q[8]浓度为100μmol/L时,可使BAL在水中的溶解度增加4. 5倍.采用2,2-联氮基-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)方法考察了Q[8]对BAL抗氧化活性的影响,BAL-Q[8]包合物与游离BAL均对ABTS自由基具有清除能力,IC50值分别为5. 48和5. 07μmol/L.在人工肠液中BAL和BAL-Q[8]包合物较稳定;而在人工胃液中BAL在6 h后迅速降解,BAL-Q[8]包合物则基本未降解,Q[8]显著提高了BAL在人工胃液中的稳定性.体外累积释放度研究结果表明,在人工胃液中Q[8]的介入提高了BAL的累积释放量,其数值提高了2倍;在人工肠液中BAL-Q[8]包合物的累积释放速度明显慢于BAL的累计释放速度,说明Q[8]包合BAL后对BAL有一定的缓释作用.     

六、七、八元瓜环对乌纠中黄酮类成分芦丁的包结作用及缓释性研究

利用紫外-可见吸收光谱法研究了六、七、八元瓜环与芦丁的相互作用以及p H对其作用的影响,考察了包合物的体外缓释性能。结果表明,六、七元瓜环可以与芦丁形成1∶1的主客体包结物,八元瓜环与芦丁形成1∶2的包结物。包结平衡常数分别为3.6×10~5L·mol~(-1)、2.1×105L·mol~(-1)、1.9×10~(10)L~2·mol~(-2)。芦丁原药,Q[6]-芦丁、Q[7]-芦丁、Q[8]-芦丁包结物在人工胃液(p H=1.2)中60 min内的累计释放度分别为60.19%、46.71%、49.57、32.54%,在人工肠液(p H=6.8)中的累计释放度分别为73.76%、48.58%、51.32%、33.58%,且缓释曲线非常相似。实验结果表明,瓜环-芦丁主客体包结物的体外累积释放度明显低于芦丁原药,瓜环Q(n=6、7、8)对芦丁均有明显的体外缓释作用,且Q[8]对芦丁的缓释效果最为显著。     

八元瓜环与常山碱的相互作用模式

利用紫外吸收光谱、 荧光光谱、 核磁共振氢谱及红外光谱等方法考察了八元瓜环(Q[8])对常山碱(Feb)的包结作用; 采用紫外吸收光谱法研究了Q[8]对Feb理化性质的影响及不同pH条件下Q[8]/Feb包合物溶液中Feb的释放及Q[8]/Feb包合物在人工肠液和人工胃液中的释放. 结果表明, 在pH=1.2的盐酸介质中, Q[8]与Feb可形成摩尔比1∶1的稳定主客体包合物, 结合常数为4.20×10 ⁴ L/mol. 在pH=1.2(人工胃液的pH值)时, Feb可与Q[8]形成稳定包合物; 在pH=6.8(人工肠液的pH值)时, Q[8]/Feb包合物可释放出单纯的游离Feb. 因此, Q[8]可作为Feb的一种潜在药物载体为减轻Feb呕吐副反应提供借鉴.     

七元瓜环对氟苯尼考的增溶作用

为了研究七元瓜环Q[7]和氟苯尼考(FF)的超分子包合作用及溶解性的影响，本文利用荧光光谱、紫外光谱、红外光谱等技术对Q[7]与FF的包合比、包合平衡常数、溶解性进行了测定。结果表明，Q[7]与FF的包合比为1∶1,包合平衡常数为2.08×10⁴L·mol^-1,Q[7]-FF包合物的溶解性比原药FF提高了22倍。因此，Q[7]包合对FF有明显的增溶作用。     

七元瓜环作为5-氨基水杨酸结肠给药载体可行性考察

利用荧光光谱法考察了七元瓜环(Q[7])和5-氨基水杨酸(5-ASA)在不同pH条件下的相互作用. 在pH＝2.0, 4.0时, Q[7]与5-ASA可形成1∶1(物质的量比)的包合物; 而在pH＝5.0, 6.0, 7.4 时未观察到两者之间有明显的相互作用. 利用¹H NMR 技术研究了Q[7]-5-ASA固体包合物不同pH值的存在形式. 当体系的pH＜6.0, 5-ASA以包合物的形式存在. 而当pH＞6.0, 包合物的稳定性下降, 5-ASA被释放出来以游离的药物分子形式存在, 说明5-ASA与Q[7]之间的相互作用依赖于体系的pH值, Q[7]可作为5-ASA结肠给药的一种潜在载体; 热动力学的研究表明包合作用主要受到体系焓变的影响; 红外光谱, DSC和TG的分析进一步证实了Q[7]-5-ASA固体包合物的形成.     

八元瓜环与乔松素的主客体作用及对乔松素性质的影响

利用核磁共振波谱、紫外吸收光谱和热重分析等方法研究了八元瓜环(Q[8])对乔松素(PCB)的包结作用;采用紫外吸收光谱法研究了Q[8]对PCB水溶性、抗氧化活性及在人工胃肠液中稳定性和累积释放量的影响.结果表明,PCB与Q[8]形成了摩尔比为1∶2的主客体包结配合物(PCB-Q[8]),PCB位于2个瓜环的端口之间,其稳定结合常数为5.00×10~9 L~2/mol~2.当c(Q[8])=90μmol/L时,可使PCB在水中的溶解度增加4.3倍;PCB-Q[8]包合物和PCB均对2,2-联氮基-双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)自由基具有较好的清除作用,IC_(50)值分别为4.3和3.2μmol/L.在人工胃液中,PCB和PCB-Q[8]包合物都较稳定;而在人工肠液中,PCB于72 h后全部降解,PCB-Q[8]包合物则基本未降解,表明Q[8]增强了PCB在人工肠液中的稳定性;Q[8]的介入提高了PCB在人工胃液和人工肠液中的累积释放量,其数值分别提高了5倍和2倍.     

Preparation and characterization of inclusion complexes of antitumor camptothecin with cucurbit[n = 7, 8]urils

The slightly water-soluble anticancer drug camptothecin (CPT) and its inclusion complexes with cucurbit[n = 7, 8]uril (Q[n] (n = 7, 8)) were investigated. The formation of 1:2 complexes with Q[n] (n = 7, 8) in aqueous solution was confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy and the apparent stability constants were determined to be higher than 3.01 × 10¹² L²/mol². The solid inclusion complexes of CPT and Q[n] (n = 7, 8) were also prepared by the co-evaporation method and characterized by Fourier transformation-infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction. Aqueous solubility and dissolution studies indicate that the complexes exhibited significantly increased dissolution rates compared with the pure drug and physical mixtures. The potential of Q[7] or Q[8] for stabilizing lactone modality of CPT was investigated by the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The results reveal more than 63% CPT lactone form (active form) in CPT-Q[7] or Q[8] complexes compared to only 36% CPT lactone form in the absence of Q[7] or Q[8] after being incubated in the phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4 at 37°C) for 5 h.     

瓜环与喹啉衍生物包结配合行为研究

利用¹H NMR以及荧光技术研究了六、七、八元瓜环与2-苯基喹啉、N-正丙基溴化异喹啉、3-氨基喹啉及7,8-苯并喹啉的相互作用.两种方法的考察结果均表明,2-苯基喹啉能与这3种瓜环发生相互作用,其中六、七元瓜环与2-苯基喹啉形成1∶1的稳定包结配合物,包结常数分别为1.6×10⁴和3.2×10³L/mol.八元瓜环能与2-苯基喹啉形成1∶2包结物.¹H NMR结果还表明,3种瓜环均能与N-正丙基溴化异喹啉相互作用,其化学计量比均为1∶2;七元瓜环与7,8-苯并喹啉相互作用,化学计量比约为1∶1.荧光法也表明八元瓜环能与N-正丙基溴化异喹啉、3-氨基喹啉及7,8-苯并喹啉发生相互作用,并且荧光强度随瓜环浓度增加而下降,其化学计量比为1∶2.同时,讨论了上述主客体包结配合物的作用模式.     

七、八元瓜环对萘二胺异构体相互作用的考察

利用紫外吸收光谱、荧光光谱以及¹H NMR方法考察了七、八元瓜环(Q[7], Q[8])与1,8-萘二胺(g1), 2,3-萘二胺(g2), 1,5-萘二胺(g3)的相互作用. 实验结果表明: Q[7]与客体g1发生端口作用, 作用比为1∶1; Q[7]与客体g2, g3相互作用也形成1∶1的包结配合物. Q[8]与三种客体相互作用情况各不相同, 除Q[8]与客体g2相互作用形成1∶2的包结配合物; Q[8]与客体g1或g3可发生相互作用, 形成溶解性较差的作用产物, 其表观相互作用的比例为1∶1. 考察溶液酸度对主客体相互作用的影响还表明: 当pH大于某一值之后, 如Q[7]主客体体系, pH大于6.0; Q[8]主客体体系, pH大于12.0, 用光谱方法观察不到瓜环与客体的相互作用. Q[7], Q[8]为主体的上述主客体作用产物分别与金刚烷胺盐酸盐、1,10-癸二胺盐酸盐的竞争反应结果表明, 已作用的萘二胺异构体容易被所选用的竞争客体所取代, 只有g2与Q[8]形成的包结配合物被1,10-癸二胺盐酸盐部分取代.     

Solubility enhancement of kinetin through host–guest interactions with cucurbiturils

We explored the use of cucurbiturils to form inclusion complexes to overcome the solubility problems of kinetin, a plant cytokinin. Inclusion complexes between kinetin and Q[7], TMeQ[6] and HMeQ[6] in aqueous solution and in solid state were investigated by phase solubility studies, ¹H NMR and IR. The effects of pH and temperature on complex stability were also investigated. Phase solubility studies showed that kinetin solubility increased in a linear fashion as a function of Q[7] and TMeQ[6] concentrations. However, kinetin solubility increased first, then decreased as the HMeQ[6] concentration increased, and the maximum solubility of kinetin was achieved at 4.95 mM in HMeQ[6]. The solubility of kinetin as well as the stability constant of its complex with Q[7] were affected by the pH of the medium. The thermodynamic parameters of the complex formation were also determined, and it showed that the formation of the inclusion complexes between kinetin and Q[7] was enthalpy controlled, suggesting that hydrophobic and van der Waals interactions were the main driving forces. Moreover, we found that the size of the cavity of cucurbituril played an important role in the association process. The formation of inclusion complexes between Q[7], TMeQ[6] and HMeQ[6] with kinetin was confirmed by ¹H NMR, and IR spectroscopy showed the presence of inclusion complexes in solid state. Our results demonstrated that the complexation of kinetin with Q[n] could be used to improve the solubility of kinetin in aqueous solution.     

Host–guest complexes of various cucurbit[n]urils with the hydrochloride salt of 2,4-diaminoazobenzene

The interaction products of normal cucurbit[n]urils (n = 7, 8; Q[7] Q[8]) and a sym- tetramethyl-substituted cucurbit[6]uril derivative (TMeQ[6]) with the hydrochloride salts of 2,4-diaminoazobenzene (g·HCl) were investigated in aqueous solution using ¹H NMR spectroscopy, electronic absorption spectroscopy, as well as single crystal X-ray diffraction. The ¹H NMR spectra analysis established a basic interaction model in which inclusion complexes with a host:guest ratio of 1:1 form for the TMeQ[6] and Q[7] cases, while they form with a host:guest ratio of 1:2 for the Q[8] case. Commonly, the hosts selectively bound to the phenyl moieties of the guests. Absorption spectrophotometric analysis in aqueous solution defined the stability of the host–guest inclusion complexes at pH 3.2. Quantitatively, at this pH, complexes with a host:guest ratio of 1:1—those with smaller hosts TMeQ[6] and Q[7]—formed with logK values between 6 and 7. That with host Q[8] and a host:guest ratio of 1:2 formed with a logK value of 10.8. Single crystal X-ray structures of the inclusion complexes TMeQ[6]–g·HCl and Q[8]–g·HCl showed the phenyl moiety of the guest inserted into the host cavity. This result supports the solution-based ¹H NMR spectroscopic study.     

Host–guest complexes of some cucurbit[n]urils with the hydrochloride salts of some imidazole derivatives

Interaction between the normal cucurbit[n]urils (n = 6,7,8; Q[6], Q[7], Q[8]) and a sym-tetramethyl-substituted cucurbit[6]uril derivative (TMeQ[6]) with the hydrochloride salts of some imidazole derivatives N-(4-hydroxylphenyl)imidazole (g1), N-(4-aminophenyl)imidazole (g2), 2-phenylimidazole (g3) in aqueous solution was investigated by using ¹H NMR spectroscopy, electronic absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy, as well as by using a single crystal X-ray diffraction determination. The ¹H NMR spectra analysis established a basic interaction model in which inclusion complexes with a host:guest ratio of 1:1 forms for the Q[6]s and Q[7] cases, while with a host:guest ratio of 1:2 form for the Q[8] cases. It was common that the hosts selectively bound the phenyl moiety of the guests. Absorption spectrophotometric and fluorescence spectroscopic analysis in aqueous solution defined the stability of the host–guest inclusion complexes at pH 5.8 with a host:guest ratio of 1:1 form quantitatively as logK values between 4 and 5 for the smaller hosts Q[6 or 7]s, while with a host:guest ratio of 1:2 form quantitatively as logK values between 11 and 12 for the host Q[8]. Two single crystal X-ray structures of the inclusion complexes TMeQ[6]-g2 · HCl and TMeQ[6]-g3 · HCl showed the phenyl moiety of these two guests inserted into the host cavity, which supported particularly the ¹H NMR spectroscopic study in solution.     

Cucurbit[n]urils (n=7, 8) binding of camptothecin and the effects on solubility and reactivity of the anticancer drug

The interaction between cucurbit[n]uril (n = 7, 8)(Q[n]) with two forms namely lactone modality and carboxylate modality of anticancer drug camptothecin (CPT) was studied. The results revealed that the combination of Q[n] with the lactone form of CPT was observed by electronic absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and ¹H NMR technique in the acid solution (pH 2) and the total stability constants β were also obtained by Job plot with a host:guest ratio of 2:1; while in the phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4), only Q[8] bound the carboxylate form of CPT in ratio 1:1, but no obvious interaction between Q[7] and the carboxylate form of CPT was observed. The solubility of CPT was enhanced up to about 70 and 8 times at pH 2 due to the formation of interaction complexes with Q[7] and Q[8], respectively, by using phase solubility method. The cytotoxicity tests revealed that compared with the free CPT, the complexes of Q[n] and CPT had the same cytotoxic activity on the human lung cancer cell line A549 and murine macrophage cell line P388D1 and the moderate depressed activity on human leukaemia cell line K562.     

Inclusion complexes of the antitumour metallocenes Cp(2)MCl(2) (M = Mo, Ti) with cucurbit[n]urils

The encapsulation of the aquated forms of molybdocene dichloride and titanocene dichloride by cucurbit[n]uril (Q[n], where n = 7 and 8) at different pD values has been studied by (1)H NMR spectroscopy and molecular modelling. (1)H NMR titration experiments indicate that both metallocenes form 1 : 1 host-guest complexes with both Q[7] and Q[8]. In these complexes, both the cyclopentadienyl ligands and metal centre are positioned deep within the cucurbituril cavity. In vitro cell proliferation studies using the cancer cell lines MCF-7 and 2008 showed that the encapsulated molybdocene complex was more active than the corresponding free metallocene, with GI(50) values of 210 and 400 muM respectively. However, unexpectedly the encapsulation of Cp(2)MoCl(2(aq))at pD 7 catalysed significant degradation of the cucurbituril framework in the presence of oxygen. Encapsulation of Cp(2)TiCl(2(aq)) by Q[7] greatly slowed the protonolysis of the cyclopentadienyl ligands in aqueous phosphate buffer (pD 7), while encapsulation in Q[8] only slightly retarded the hydrolytic degradation of the metallocene.