全自动固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水中150种农药残留

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)分析方法测定水中150种农药残留。采用HLB固相萃取小柱净化和富集，待测物经Kinetex XB-C₁₈柱(100 mm×3.0 mm, 2.6μm)分离，以0.1%甲酸水溶液-乙腈为流动相，梯度洗脱；采用电喷雾正离子源(ESI⁺),多重反应监测(MRM)模式监测。实验结果显示，150种农药在各自线性范围内相关系数均大于0.991;检出限(S/N≥3)为0.1～6 ng/L;定量限(S/N≥10)为0.3～20 ng/L;在20、100、200 ng/L三个浓度添加水平下，回收率在60.7%～116%之间，相对标准偏差(RSD)在4.0%～10.2%之间。该方法操作简单、灵敏、快速，适用于水体中农药残留的日常监测。     

多壁碳纳米管固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定茶油中12种氨基甲酸酯类农药

建立了多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)为吸附剂的固相萃取净化/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测茶油中12种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的快速分析方法。样品经乙腈超声提取,MWCNTs固相萃取小柱净化,以乙腈进行洗脱,旋蒸浓缩后以0.1%乙酸-乙腈(5∶5,体积比)定容,采用UPLC-MS/MS多反应监测模式(MRM)测定,外标法定量。考察了提取方式、吸附材料类型、洗脱溶剂用量等因素对目标物萃取效率的影响。在优化实验条件下,MWCNTs固相萃取小柱对茶油样品的净化效果理想。12种氨基甲酸酯类农药在0.005～0.1μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均不小于0.998 88;在0.01、0.025、0.05 mg/kg加标水平下,12种目标物的平均回收率为78.3%～116%,相对标准偏差为2.6%～12%,方法的定量下限为0.2～3.0μg/kg。     

在线固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定水源水和饮用水中107种典型农药及代谢产物

为进行我国水体中农药风险监测,针对水体中农药种类多、浓度低的特点,建立了在线固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速筛查和检测水源水及饮用水中107种典型农药及代谢产物(有机磷类、有机氮类、有机杂环类、氨基甲酸酯类、酰胺类、苯甲酰脲类、新烟碱类等)的方法。样品经0.22 μm孔径亲水性聚四氟乙烯滤膜过滤后,通过自动进样器取5 mL样品注入在线固相萃取系统,经X Bridge C₁₈在线固相萃取柱吸附后用纯水淋洗,以乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相对在线固相萃取柱梯度洗脱后再经ACQUITY HSS T₃色谱柱分离,采用电喷雾离子源正离子及负离子模式分析检测,外标法定量。以水源水及饮用水作为基质,对其准确度和精密度进行方法学验证,结果表明:107种农药及代谢产物在不同范围内线性关系良好(r²>0.995),方法检出限(LOD, S/N=3)为0.03~1.5 ng/L,定量限(LOQ, S/N=10)为0.1~5.0 ng/L。将目标分析物在1、20、50 ng/L水平下加标,水源水和饮用水中的加标回收率分别为60.6%~119.8%和61.2%~119.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD, n=6)分别为0.3%~18.6%和0.4%~17.1%。用该方法测定水源水和饮用水中的农药残留,结果显示,酰胺类、三嗪类除草剂、三唑类杀菌剂与烟碱类、氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂有较高的检出率,其中水源水中检出含量为0.1~97.1 ng/L,饮用水中检出含量为0.1~93.6 ng/L。该方法适用于水源水和饮用水中107种典型农药及代谢产物的痕量分析测定,有效提高了水体中农药类物质的检测效率,实际应用价值较高。     

固相萃取/高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测环境水样中24种农药残留

建立了一种固相萃取/高效液相色谱-串联质谱(SPE/HPLC-MS/MS)同时检测水体中24种农药的分析方法。样品用乙腈提取后,经固相萃取小柱富集净化。以乙腈-0.1%(体积分数)甲酸水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,在电喷雾离子源正离子模式下(ESI+)采用多反应监测(MRM)模式检测。结果显示,24种农药在1~200μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)均不小于0.998,水样中3个添加水平(5、20、100μg/L)下的回收率为65.9%~127.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.7%~14.2%;方法检出限为0.05~0.71 ng/L。采用该方法对大连地区10个河流入海口及2个水库的水样进行了检测,12个站位的样品中共检出10种农药,质量浓度为0.2~558.3 ng/L。结果表明,所建立的SPE/HPLC-MS/MS方法高效、灵敏、可靠,可用于实际水体中多种农药的同时检测。     

生物荧光传感器检测环境水样中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留

建立了简便、灵敏的氨基甲酸酯类农药生物荧光传感器及其检测方法。通过构建氨基甲酸酯类农药降解菌H5基因组文库,筛选出氨基甲酸酯类农药特异性响应功能基因的调控序列,将其与增强型绿色荧光蛋白基因(EGFP)连接,构建了非细胞体系生物荧光传感器H12-E,非细胞体系蛋白浓度为1.0 g/L。在室温条件下,对不同浓度呋喃丹标准液进行检测,30 min即可检测出fg级氨基甲酸酯类农药总量,灵敏度高于国家标准,线性范围1×10!9~1×10!4g/L。采集吉林省松花江流域等水样,检测氨基甲酸酯类农药残留,并向伊通河水样中添加高中低3个水平呋喃丹标准液,方法回收率95%~110%,相对标准偏差(RSD)2.4%~4.9%。本方法可望用于环境水体中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的快速检测。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食品中20种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留

建立了食品中20种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量的高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用(HPLC-MS/MS)测定与确证方法。20种氨基甲酸酯类农药在0.005～0.1 mg/kg范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.991 7～0.999 6;在0.005～0.025 mg/kg范围内, 20种目标物的回收率为51.2%～125.0%,相对标准偏差为1.4%～19.8%。该方法准确、灵敏、快速,可满足国际上对食品中这20种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量的检测需要。     

蔬菜中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的固相微萃取分离和HPLC法检测

采用固相微萃取制样,荧光检测器高效液相色谱法测定了蔬菜中氨基甲酸酯农药残留. 确定了影响固相微萃取效果的萃取头涂层、萃取条件、洗脱条件和蔬菜样品分析处理方法. 结果表明,蔬菜中氨基甲酸酯类农药的检出限在0.4×10-9～40×10-9 g/g范围内,线性范围为0.05～1 mg/L,回收率74.4%～108.4%,相对标准偏差(RSD)4.26%～13.97%.     

凝胶渗透色谱净化超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测甘草及其提取物中的11种氨基甲酸酯类农药残留

建立了甘草及其提取物中11种氨基甲酸酯类农药多残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)分析方法。以11种氨基甲酸酯类农药为目标分析物,样品经乙腈超声提取、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)净化后,用UPLC-MS/MS检测。以甘草及其提取物为例,分别进行了0.02、0.04和0.1 mg/kg 3个添加浓度的11种目标分析物的加标回收率实验,甘草中11种目标分析物的回收率为72.2%～94.0%,相对标准偏差为0.7%～7.8%;甘草提取物中11种目标分析物的回收率为73.8%～94.7%,相对标准偏差为1.5%～12.7%。该方法灵敏度高、准确度好,符合农药多残留检测的技术要求,适用于甘草、黄芪等中药材及其提取物中氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的检测。     

超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆/复合线性离子阱质谱测定水样中三苯甲烷类及代谢物

建立了固相萃取(SPE)/超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆/复合线性离子阱质谱(UPLC-MS/MS/MS)同时测定水体中孔雀石绿(MG)、结晶紫(CV)、亮绿(BG)及其代谢产物隐性孔雀石绿(LMG)和隐性结晶紫(LCV)5种三苯甲烷类残留的方法。100 mL水样过滤后用对甲苯磺酸溶液调节pH=4,经MCX阳离子固相萃取柱富集净化后,采用BEH C18色谱柱,以乙腈-5 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(含0.02%甲酸)作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用"杆-阱扫描"(MRM-IDA-EPI)正离子模式进行检测。5种三苯甲烷类物质MG,LCV,BG,LMG和CV在0.02~10μg/L浓度范围内线性良好(r>0.998),回收率为70.9%~101%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为3.4%~11.9%,方法检出限为0.42~2.2 ng/L,定量限为1.7~8.7 ng/L。本方法快速、灵敏,适用于水体中5种三苯甲烷类残留物的痕量测定。     

亚临界水萃取及气相色谱-串联质谱法检测红茶中多种农药残留

建立了亚临界水萃取及气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)检测红茶中21种有机氯和拟除虫菊酯农药残留的方法。在萃取压力为5 MPa条件下,样品经150 ℃的亚临界水提取15 min后,将目标物转移至丙酮-正己烷(1:1, v/v)中,经ENVI-Carb固相萃取净化小柱净化,DB-5毛细管气相色谱柱分离,在多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行MS/MS检测,基质匹配溶液内标法定量。各目标物在5.0～320.0 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.99,其定量限(信噪比(S/N)＞10)为50 ng/g,检出限(S/N＞3)为10 ng/g。茶叶基质中添加50、100和200 ng/g的标准品时,21种农药的回收率为70.18%～119.98%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为5.01%～11.76%。该方法的灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合农药残留测定的技术要求,适用于红茶中有机氯和拟除虫菊酯农药残留的检测。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.