HZSM-5分子筛焙烧脱铝的27Al MQMAS NMR研究

用29Si、27Al魔角旋转固体核磁共振(MAS NMR)结合二维多量子魔角旋转(2D MQMAS)技术对焙烧脱铝的HZSM-5分子筛中铝的配位状态进行了研究.结果表明,HZSM-5分子筛经焙烧后,在化学位移(δ)45处出现一宽峰信号,其主要来自扭曲四配位铝.通过二维三量子铝谱计算出扭曲四配位铝的四极作用常数约为5.2 MHz.对700和750 ℃焙烧样品的铝谱进行分峰拟合,发现在δ 30处又出现一个小峰,归属为非骨架五配位铝.同时,在750 ℃焙烧样品的二维多量子铝谱中直接观察到非骨架五配位铝的信号.焙烧温度低于700 ℃,脱铝不明显；高于700 ℃,引起分子筛骨架的显著脱铝.焙烧还造成部分骨架铝的信号变得“不可观测”.     

HMOR分子筛骨架铝分布研究及二甲醚羰基化反应活性中心的辨识※

HMOR分子筛在二甲醚羰基化反应中具有类似酶催化的优异性能. 关于骨架铝的分布和反应活性位的识别是研究该反应机理的关键科学问题. 早期的工作是基于理论计算研究二甲醚羰基化活性位点, 但缺乏直接的谱学证据. 通过在不同温度下焙烧NH₄MOR制备了一系列HMOR催化剂, 通过多种谱学表征手段研究分子筛骨架铝的稳定性以及铝原子落位信息, 进一步通过二甲醚羰基化反应活性关联MOR分子筛的酸性和铝分布关系获得反应机理的谱学证据. 首先从XRD (X-Ray diffraction)和SEM (Scanning electron microscope)发现经过不同温度焙烧, MOR分子筛结晶度和宏观形貌没有发生明显变化, 但是通过一维²⁹Si, ²⁷Al和¹H魔角旋转固体核磁谱(MAS NMR)发现分子筛局部环境发生了脱铝现象, 产生了明显的缺陷羟基以及B酸量的下降. 焙烧温度对HMOR分子筛骨架Al稳定性的影响较大, 随着温度升高, 脱铝逐渐加剧. 定量¹H MAS NMR结合红外(IR)光谱提供了HMOR分子筛不同孔道B酸含量的分布. 进一步使用2D ²⁷Al MQ MAS NMR的方法以及结合切片分峰拟合技术区分出分子筛骨架中的四种不同T位点, 发现当温度低于600 ℃, 不同T位脱铝速率相当; 当焙烧温度为600 ℃时, T3位点的Al原子脱除速率加快. 最后研究了二甲醚羰基化反应性能与酸分布和铝分布的关系, 获得羰基化反应活性中心的确凿谱学证据, T3-O33位置的Al位是羰基化反应的活性中心.     

具有强酸性位的高水热稳定介孔分子筛的合成

在强酸性介质中,以预先制备的β沸石纳米簇作为前驱体,通过S＋X－I＋路线及氨水热后处理步骤合成具有强酸性位的高水热稳定性介孔分子筛.XRD、氮气吸附、HRTEM和SEM分析表明所得样品具有普通MCM-41的典型介孔结构和表观形貌.较短的组装周期和室温的组装条件减弱了脱铝效应,27Al MAS NMR表明铝元素主要以四配位状态存在于介孔分子筛骨架中.采用NH3-TPD和水热老化方法分别考察了其固体酸性和水热稳定性,结果表明此介孔分子筛相对于普通MCM-41分子筛具有较强酸性位和较高的水热稳定性.沸石纳米簇的引入提高了分子筛骨架的聚合度和孔壁的厚度,是水热稳定性提高的主要原因.     

EU-1分子筛相邻酸性位的DFT计算和酸性表征

利用量子力学中的密度泛函理论(DFT),对EU-1分子筛中与T1、T2、T3、T6、T7、T8位相邻的骨架铝原子的落位稳定性及酸强度进行理论计算.通过计算得知,双Al原子在EU-1分子筛骨架中优先落位于Al7(Si6-Si7)Al8、Al1(Si2-Si2)Al1、Al2(Si1-Si2)Al2、Al1(Si2-Si2)Al3、Al1(Si2)Al3;根据(Al/Si,H)取代能确定了质子的落位,质子氢较易落位于(O12-H)Al1-(O12-H)Al1、(O12-H)Al1-Al1(O13-H)、(O12-H)Al1-Al1(O12-H)、(O14-H)Al2-(O14-H)Al2、Al2(O12-H)-(O14-H)Al2、Al1(O12-H)-(O15-H)Al3、(O26-H)Al7-Al8(O28-H);且根据质子亲和势分析知,EU-1分子筛骨架中质子氢落位于NNN位的Brnsted酸强度小于NNNN位.借助1H MAS NMR分析合成的不同硅铝比的样品,可知硅铝比低的EU-1分子筛Brnsted酸吸收峰的面积增加;由NH3-TPD可知硅铝比低的EU-1分子筛的强酸脱附峰温度降低,酸强度减小.硅铝比低的EU-1分子筛的强酸表现出酸量高、酸强度低的性质.     

MCM-22分子筛酸性的DFT理论计算研究

本文利用量子力学中的密度泛函理论(DFT)计算，研究了MCM-22分子筛上骨架Al在8个不同的T位的分布和Br?nsted酸的落位及强度。所有计算基于分子筛的8T簇模型 (H₃SiO)₃Si-O(H)-T(OSiH₃)₃(T=Si，Al)，采用DFT的BLYP方法，所有原子均应用DNP基组。通过计算(Al，H)/Si替代能和质子亲和势，得出推论：MCM-22分子筛中骨架Al的最有利落位在T1，T4，T3和T8位。而形成Br?nsted-酸的最可能的位置为Al1-O3-Si4，Al4-O3-Si1，Al3-O11-Si2和Al8-O10-Si2桥基。Al1-O3H-Si4和Al4-O3H-Si1位的酸性强度接近，Al3-O11H-Si2和Al8-O10H-Si2位的酸性分别略低于和略高于前两个酸位。通过计算模板剂分子六次甲基亚胺(HMI)与B-酸中心的相互作用，进一步探讨了HMI对分子筛中Al落位的靶向作用。     

^29Si（^27Al）MAS NMR考察镧离子在LaDAlY型沸石中的作用

用~(29)Si(~(27)Al)MAS NMR和辅加乙酰丙酮(acac)处理样品的静态~(27)Al NMR研究了镧离子对脱铝Y型沸石(DAIY)骨架硅、铝和非骨架铝(EFAL)的影响.结果表明,~(29)Si MAS谱的化学位移及其形状不仅取决于连接[SiO_4]四面体的[AlO]-四面体数目,而且还与引入镧离子的量有关.镧离子的引入导致~(27)Al MAS谱的明显宽化和不对称形变.另外,还讨论了镧离子对非骨架铝的影响.     

H-MCM-22沸石分子筛中Brnsted/Lewis酸协同效应的~1H 和~(27)Al双量子魔角旋转固体核磁共振研究

采用各种固体核磁共振 (NMR) 技术详细研究了 H-MCM-22 分子筛中 Brnsted/Lewis 酸的协同效应. 二维 1H 双量子魔角旋转 (DQ-MAS) NMR 结果表明, 在脱铝 H-MCM-22 分子筛中 Brnsted 酸位 (骨架桥式羟基) 和 Lewis 酸位 (非骨架铝羟基) 之间是空间邻近的, 暗示着可能存在 B/L 酸协同效应. 二维 27Al DQ-MAS NMR 结果揭示了各种铝物种之间的空间邻近性, 表明 B/L 酸协同效应优先发生在 H-MCM-22 分子筛超笼中的骨架 T6 位铝和非骨架铝物种之间. 2-13C-丙酮探针分子实验发现, 因 B/L 酸协同效应而导致脱铝 H-MCM-22 分子筛酸性明显增强, 氘代吡啶探针分子实验也证实在 H-MCM-22 分子筛的超笼中发生了 B/L 酸协同效应. 上述结果将有助于我们理解在脱铝 H-MCM-22 分子筛上发生的多相催化机理.     

建筑形象那些事

含铜的SSZ-39分子筛（AEI拓扑结构）在机动车尾气氨气选择性催化还原(NH3-SCR)反应中性能优异,其中SSZ-39分子筛的骨架铝分布与对应的Br?nsted酸性质对反应性能影响至关重要。本文通过密度泛函理论计算同时结合固体核磁共振谱学实验探究了高硅和富铝SSZ-39分子筛骨架Al位置以及与相应Br?nsted酸强度之间的关系。通过比较骨架Al在不同位置的替代能发现,高硅H-SSZ-39分子筛的骨架铝主要以孤立Al形式存在,同晶取代后落位在T3位上,其相应的Br?nsted酸质子与O7结合时最稳定。而富铝SSZ-39分子筛的骨架铝主要以NNNN与NNN序列的2Al形式存在,当两个骨架铝原子分别位于六元环和四元环对位的T3位上时体系能量最低,此时两个Br?nsted酸质子指向分子筛的超笼和八元环孔道。在最优构型下计算质子亲核势、NH3吸附态微观结构与脱附能以及吸附氘代乙腈后1H NMR化学位移来表征Br?nsted酸性,发现随着SSZ-39分子筛铝含量增加相应的Br?nsted酸含量增加,而Br?nsted酸强度趋于减弱。这些理论计算结果与NH3-TPD及吸附氘代乙腈的1H MAS NMR实验结果一致。本文为调控SSZ-39分子筛酸性以及合理设计高效催化剂提供了依据。     

脱铝MCM-49分子筛的结构、酸性及苯与丙烯液相烷基化催化性能研究

采用硝酸回流和水蒸气两种处理方法对用动态水热法合成的纳米MCM-49分子筛进行脱铝改性. 用XRD、氮气吸附-脱附、NH3-TPD、FTIR和NMR等技术进行了表征, 并考察了脱铝前后MCM-49分子筛在苯与丙烯液相烷基化反应中的催化性能. 27Al核磁共振谱表明, 硝酸回流和水蒸气处理能有效地脱除MCM-49分子筛的部分骨架铝和非骨架铝. NH3-TPD和FTIR表征结果表明, 脱铝降低了MCM-49分子筛的Brönsted酸和Lewis酸的酸量. 硝酸脱铝未改变分子筛的酸强度分布, 而在600 ℃水蒸气脱铝则造成酸强度的降低. 实验条件下, MCM-49分子筛的丙烯转化率为99.5%, 异丙苯的选择性为73.6%. 脱铝改性降低了烷基化反应活性和异丙苯的选择性, 提高了收率. 与脱铝前MCM-49分子筛相比, 常温下经硝酸处理5 h的脱铝MCM-49分子筛在保持催化活性相当的情况下, 异丙苯收率提高了5.3%.     

AlMCM-48介孔分子筛的合成研究

采用正硅酸乙酯为硅源,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵作模板剂合成MCM-48介孔分子筛.用Al(NO3)3溶液浸渍MCM-48从而获得AlMCM-48.用XRD、27AlNMR对样品进行了表征.这种方法掺杂铝不破坏分子筛骨架结构,Si/Al低至5时分子筛结构保持完好.其中部分铝进入了骨架.     

An investigation of the roles of surface aluminum and acid sites in the zeolite MCM-22

Ammonia adsorption studies reveal that the observed Lewis acidity in the zeolite MCM-22 is derived from at least two types of framework aluminum sites (AlF), that is, octahedral AlF and three-coordinate AlF. Comparative ammonia or trimethylphosphine (TMP) adsorption experiments with MCM-22 confirm that octahedral Al species gives rise to the signal at delta(iso) approximately 0 in the 27Al NMR spectrum; this is a superposition of two NMR signals from the different Al species on the water-reconstructed zeolite surface. A sharp resonance assigned to framework Al reversibly transforms on ammonia adsorption to delta(iso)27Al approximately 55 from tetrahedral AlF, while the broad peak is assigned to nonframework aluminum which results from hydrothermal treatment. This study also demonstrates the effectiveness of 27Al magic angle spinning (MAS) and multiple quantum (MQ) MAS NMR spectroscopy as a technique for the study of zeolite reactions.     

Towards guest-zeolite interactions: an NMR spectroscopic approach

Guest(metal)-zeolite interactions in a two component heterogeneous catalyst have been investigated by high-field and high-speed (27)Al MAS NMR, and two-dimensional (27)Al MQ MAS NMR experiments as well as ab initio DFT methods. It was established that strong interactions between guest and zeolite occur in a metal/zeolite system, with the metal anchored to the tetrahedral aluminum framework site through two oxygen bridges. It disturbs the tetrahedral environment of associated aluminum framework, changing AlO(4) geometry from near T(d) to C(2v); this enables us to resolve this species from the undisturbed aluminum framework species in high-field (27)Al MAS NMR and two-dimesional (27)Al MQ MAS NMR experiments.     

Solid-state NMR detection, characterization, and quantification of the multiple aluminum environments in US-Y catalysts by (27)Al MAS and MQMAS experiments at very high field.

The detection of all of the aluminum present in steamed zeolite H-Y catalysts by (27)Al MAS NMR at 14.4 T (600 MHz for (1)H) and 18.8T (800 MHz for (1)H) is reported. Further, it is shown that it is possible by (27)Al MAS and MQMAS NMR measurements to clearly identify four separate aluminum environments which are characteristic of these materials and to unambiguously assign their coordinations. Average chemical shift and quadrupolar coupling parameters are used to accurately simulate the (27)Al MAS NMR spectra at 9.4 T (400 MHz for (1)H), 14.4 T (600 MHz for (1)H) and 18.8 T (800 MHz for (1)H) in terms of these four aluminum environments. In addition, these average chemical shift and quadrupolar coupling parameters are used to calculate peak positions in the (27)Al MQMAS isotropic dimension that are in good agreement with the experimental data acquired at 9.4 and 18.8 T.     

Infrared and MAS NMR Spectroscopic Studies of Al18B4O33

IntroductionAllsB.O,, is a refractory compound with the melting point of 1 713 K. It has a low density of 2. 94 g/cm' and tends to form a needle--shaped crystal. These characteristics lead to itspotential application in reinforced plastics or metal alloys['j. The investigationL'] in the crystalstructure Of Al,SB,O,, by X-ray study has reve.aled that the material has a 10Al,O,. BZO3type structure. This structure contains AIO.--tetrahedra, AIO,-octahedra, five-oxygen-coordinated Al ato…     

Characterization of framework and extra-framework aluminum species in non-hydrated zeolites Y by 27Al spin-echo, high-speed MAS, and MQMAS NMR spectroscopy at B0 = 9.4 to 17.6 T

27Al spin-echo, high-speed MAS (nu(rot) = 30 kHz), and MQMAS NMR spectroscopy in magnetic fields of B0 = 9.4, 14.1, and 17.6 T were applied for the study of aluminum species at framework and extra-framework positions in non-hydrated zeolites Y. Non-hydrated gamma-Al2O3 and non-hydrated aluminum-exchanged zeolite Y (Al,Na-Y) and zeolite H,Na-Y were utilized as reference materials. The solid-state 27Al NMR spectra of steamed zeolite deH,Na-Y/81.5 were found to consist of four signals. The broad low-field signal is caused by a superposition of the signals of framework aluminum atoms in the vicinity of bridging hydroxyl protons and framework aluminum atoms compensated in their negative charge by aluminum cations (delta(iso) = 70 +/- 10 ppm, C(QCC) = 15.0 +/- 1.0 MHz). The second signal is due to a superposition of the signals of framework aluminum atoms compensated by sodium cations and tetrahedrally coordinated aluminum atoms in neutral extra-framework aluminum oxide clusters (delta(iso) = 65 +/- 5 ppm, C(QCC) = 8.0 +/- 0.5 MHz). The residual two signals were attributed to aluminum cations (delta(iso) = 35 +/- 5 ppm, C(QCC) = 7.5 +/- 0.5 MHz) and octahedrally coordinated aluminum atoms in neutral extra-framework aluminum oxide clusters (delta(iso) = 10 +/- 5 ppm, C(QCC) = 5.0 +/- 0.5 MHz). By chemical analysis and evaluating the relative solid-state 27Al NMR intensities of the different signals of aluminum species occurring in zeolite deH,Na-Y/81.5 in the non-hydrated state, the aluminum distribution in this material was determined.     

Methane dehydrogenation and aromatization in the absence of oxygen on Mo/HZSM-5: A study on the interaction between Mo species and HZSM-5 by using Al and Si MAS NMR

By using a high-resolution solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer with ²⁷Al and ²⁹Si probes, the interaction between Mo species and HZSM-5 of frsol|Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts has been studied. The results show that there is a strong interaction between Mo species and HZSM-5 zeolite. The framework aluminum in the zeolite can be easily extracted by the introduction of Mo species. The extractability of framework aluminum by Mo species increases with increasing Mo loading and the calcination temperature. The extraction process leads to the formation of non-framework Al at first and then a new crystalline phase of Al₂(MoO₄)₃. The dealumination of the catalyst having a Mo loading of 15% and had been calcined at 973 K is so severe that all the aluminum in the framework are extracted and no framework Al could be detected by ²⁷Al MAS NMR. The catalyst, therefore, lost its catalytic activity for methane dehydrogenation and aromatization in the absence of oxygen. The Si/Al ratio measured from ²⁹Si MAS NMR further confirms the dealumination process observed by ²⁷Al MAS NMR. The MAS NMR results give us an evidence that Al₂(MoO₄)₃ crystallites are much less active for the reaction.