矮小身材儿童头发中8种微量元素分析

为了解矮小身材患儿头发中8种微量元素的含量,结合病史,探讨影响儿童生长发育迟缓的影响因素,采用火焰原子吸收法检测了78例矮小身材儿童头发中的锌、铁、铜、钙、镁、硒、锰和铅含量。结果显示,大多数儿童发锌含量低于正常;半数以上儿童发铁和发钙低于正常;约四成儿童发硒和发镁低于正常;约1／3儿童发铜及发锰含量低于正常。发铅含量高于正常者占46％。可见儿童身材矮小除遗传因素外,可能与营养不良、反复感染及体内多种元素失衡有关。     

826例儿童发铅、锌、铜、铁、钙含量分析

探讨了东乡县儿童体内微量元素情况。对826例儿童发铅、锌、铜、铁、钙检测结果分各年龄组进行了分析。结果表明,826例儿童中发铅含量超标512例,占61．99％;发锌含量低标604例,占73．1％;发铜含量低标46例,占5．6％;发铁含量低标95例,占11．5％;发钙含量低标116例,占19．6％,占19．6％。5种元素含量与年龄有关,随着年龄增大,发铅、锌、铜、钙含量下降,发铁含量上升。分析表明,儿童铅污染、锌、钙缺乏程度相当普遍且严重。在儿童生长发育期进行常规的微量元素检测非常必要。     

青少年全血微量元素正常值探讨

由于国内尚无青少年全血铜、锌、铁、钙含量的正常值标准，为探讨其正常值范围，根据广州地区193名中学生全血铜、锌、铁、钙含量的测定结果，初步提出了广州地区13至18岁青少年全血铜、锌、铁、钙含量的正常值范围。结果表明，广州地区13至18岁青少年血铜含量均值为0．77bμg／g。正常值0．52～1．02μg／g；锌含量：13～岁均值5．22μg／g，正常值〉3．93μg／g；15～岁均值为5．54μg／g，正常值〉4．40μg／g；17～岁均值为5．68μg／g，正常值〉5．06μg／g；铁含量均值为500．00μg／g，正常值363．00～637．00μg／g；钙含量均值为78．70μg／g，正常值〉53．00μg／g。提示青少年除锌含量有必要按年龄组确定正常值范围之外，血铜、铁、钙含量的正常值范围可不按年龄和性别划分，均可合并计算。     

小儿锌、铜、铁、钙缺乏症的调查及健康指导

为了解本地区小儿锌，铜，铁，钙缺乏的情况，以便更好地进行小儿营养膳食指导，对1994－2001年在我院儿科门诊就诊4891例小儿发中锌，铜,铁，钙含量进行了测定。结果表明，锌，钙，铁，铜缺乏率 ：38．5％，26．8％，16．7％，0．2％。锌缺乏率有随年龄增长而增高的趋势，而钙缺乏率则有下降趋势。可见锌，铁，钙营养不足仍是本地区小儿最主要的健康问题，应根据不同年龄进行有针对性健康教育及营养指导。     

反复呼吸道感染与微量元素的相关性研究

为探讨反复呼吸道感染与微量元素锌、铜、铁、钙的关系,剪取枕后下头发0．5－1g,采用电感耦合高频等离子体发射光谱法检测了头发微量元素。结果表明：（1）反复呼吸道感染患儿发锌、铜、铁、钙含量明显低于正常健康儿童,差异有极显著性（P均＜0．01）。（2）反复呼吸道感染患儿经过补充微量元素后,发锌、铜、锌、钙含量明显高于补充微量元素前,有显著性（P＜0．01或＜0．05）。（3）56例反复呼吸道感染患儿经过补充微量元素后,随访其后1年内呼吸道感染次数的变化,明显减少者占80．4％;基本没变者占19．6％。可见,微量元素缺乏是引起反复呼吸道感染的重要原因之一。补充微量元素可减少呼吸道感染的次数。     

头发铅含量测定的应用价值评价

调查了125例2－5岁儿童铅中毒状况，测定其全血铅含量和头发铅含量，以全血铅含量为标准，应用诊断试验评价方法评价头发铅测定的应用价值。结果表明，该试验的灵敏度可达88．3％，应用串联试验，即同时测定头发中锌、铁、钙含量，可将该试验的特异度提高至81．8％，阳性预测值达69．6％，阴性预测值达78．8％。     

信宜市教育城幼儿园幼儿微量元素营养评估及分析

为了对信宜市教育城幼儿园幼儿微量元素营养进行评估,共采集了教育城幼儿园幼儿239例头发,其中男165例,女74例,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定头发中的钙、锌、铁、铜、锰和铅的含量,其结果分别为：钙584．844-178．76μg/g,锌178．10±83．38μg/g,铁61．67±17．49μg／g,铜14．03±8．92μg／g,锰2．86±1．73μg／g,铅7．13±2．83μg／g。按照世界卫生组织的四级评估标准进行评估,钙、锌和锰等元素没有发现中度以上的营养缺乏现象,其中铁只有0．4％重度营养缺乏,铜只有8．0％中度营养缺乏,有害元素铅没有发现中度以上超标现象。比对结果,信宜市教育城幼儿园幼儿微量元素营养水平,远优于当地及周边城市的幼儿园幼儿。幼儿园幼儿微量元素营养是否均衡,应作为幼儿园总体评估指标之一。     

平顶山矿区小学生膳食与营养状况分析

为了解平顶山矿区儿童的营养现状，以便对其膳食指导特别是微量元素的营养指导提供科学依据，整群抽取平顶山矿区某小学住宅生134名，采用5日称重法进行膳食调查；原子吸收光谱法测定血清钙、铁、锌含量。结果表明，蛋白质、热量、Fe、Zn的摄入量可达RNI规定；而Ca的摄入量不足，仅达BNI的45．6％。血清Ca、Zn、Fe值低于正常参考值范围的检出率分别为17．9％、2．3％、1．5％。可见该小学生住宅生钙摄入不足，缺钙现象较为普遍，应调整膳食结构，增加含钙丰富的食物。     

微量元素治病几例

患者，女性，40岁，农民，临床诊断：骨髓增生异常综合症。 头发检测，发铜6．15μg／g，明显低于正常人，发锌160．1μg／g，虽在正常范围，但锌／铜比值增大，确认本病例与缺铜有关，用0．1％硫酸铜（CuSO4）10mL每日3次口服，半个月后改为10mL，每日一次，     

128例脑性瘫痪血钙、锌、铁、铜、镁元素分析

为探讨小儿脑性瘫痪(CP)体内微量元素的变化,测定了128例脑性瘫痪患者血钙、锌、铁、铜、镁含量,随机选择128例正常儿童进行对照分析。结果表明,两组病例血锌、铜、镁均在正常范围,脑瘫组血钙56例、铁45例低于正常参考值,健康组血钙16例、铁11例低于正常参考值。经统计学处理,两组病例中血钙、铁、铜、镁含量具有显著性差异(P<0.05),血锌无显著性差异(P>0.05)。提示脑瘫儿童血钙、铁、铜、镁含量均低于正常儿童,补充钙、铁、镁等可能有利于脑瘫康复。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。