纤维素酶预处理法提取郁金中姜黄素的研究

提出了纤维素酶预处理法提取郁金中姜黄素的新工艺。探讨了酶的用量、酶解时间、酶解pH值、酶解温度、提取次数、提取时间等因素对姜黄素提取率的影响。筛选出了最佳的单因素工艺条件为:每10g郁金粉纤维素酶的用量为180U、酶解时间120min、pH值3.5、温度50℃、提取次数2次、提取时间90min。与传统提取方法相比,该方法及其新工艺能显著提高姜黄素的提取率。     

复合酶法提取洋葱多糖的研究

本文以洋葱为原料,以多糖提取率为考察指标,用苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖的总糖含量。采用正交试验确定了纤维素酶、木瓜蛋白酶和果胶酶的最佳配比为18∶5∶10,进而采用中心组合设计对洋葱多糖的复合酶法提取工艺进行了优化。结果表明:在提取温度55℃、时间120min、pH为5.0、酶用量为0.4%、料液比为1∶40(m/V)时,洋葱多糖提取率为3.27%,多糖含量高达50.5%,实验重现性好。     

金银花中绿原酸的酶法提取工艺优化

采用酶法优化提取金银花中的绿原酸,考察纤维素酶酶的用量、酶解时间、酶解温度及回流提取温度对绿原酸含量的影响;用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定绿原酸含量。用纤维素酶法提取金银花可提高绿原酸得率。酶法提取最佳条件为:加入纤维素酶3.0%,在46℃下酶解4 h,再在56℃下浸提1 h;其绿原酸含量为3.57%。     

姬松茸低聚肽的制备及性质

采用超临界CO2萃取对姬松茸进行脱脂处理后, 用微波提取姬松茸多糖, 以脱脂脱多糖的姬松茸为原料, 采用双酶法制取姬松茸低聚肽, 并对姬松茸低聚肽的抗氧化能力进行了研究. 结果表明, Alcalase 2.4L碱性蛋白酶的最佳酶解条件为: pH=8.5, 温度55 ℃, 酶解时间2 h, 底物浓度5％, 酶用量1.5％, 肽得率为74.7%. Flavourzyme风味蛋白酶最佳酶解的条件为: pH=7.0, 温度50 ℃, 时间1.5 h, 酶用量为4％, 最终肽得率为80.6%. 姬松茸低聚肽分子量集中在5600以下, 人体必需氨基酸含量为50.91%(质量分数). 姬松茸低聚肽对邻苯三酚自氧化具有明显的抑制作用, 抑制率为35.6%.     

超声辅助酶解法从茶叶废料中提取茶多酚

利用超声波辅助纤维素酶提取茶叶废料中的茶多酚,以茶多酚得率作为指标,通过正交实验优化提取工艺。结果表明,最佳的工艺条件为料液比为1∶60(g/m L)、提取温度为40℃、固定化酶用量为4 mg/g、丙酮体积分数为80%,在此条件下茶多酚得率可达17.79%。     

超声波辅助提取花生壳中白藜芦醇的研究

以花生壳为原料提取白藜芦醇,比较了提取时间、pH、提取次数及提取温度对白藜芦醇提取率的影响,并以pH、提取温度及提取时间为考察因素,采用RSM响应面分析法,确定了白藜芦醇提取的最佳工艺参数,即pH为9,提取温度为80℃,提取时间70min。在此优化工艺下白藜芦醇提取率预测值为0.109 2%,验证实验中实际测得白藜芦醇提取率为0.107 9%,预测值与实际值无显著差异。     

酶解法制备方格星虫多肽及其抗氧化作用研究

采用木瓜蛋白酶酶解制备方格星虫多肽,通过单因素实验研究了加酶量、酶解温度、酶解时间、酶解pH值和料液比等因素对羟自由基清除率的影响。通过正交试验确定了木瓜蛋白酶对方格星虫最佳的酶解工艺条件为:加酶量300 U/g,酶解温度50℃,酶解时间60 min,酶解液pH值7.0,料水比1∶3。在此条件下酶解方格星虫获得多肽的羟自由基清除率为95.42%,表明方格星虫酶解物具有较明显的抗氧化能力。由高效体积排阻色谱(HPSEC)法测得方格星虫多肽的分子量为5868。     

阳离子交换树脂脱除罗非鱼酶解液腥味的研究

通过静态吸附实验研究了5种阳离子交换树脂对罗非鱼肉酶解液腥味的脱除效果,发现阳离子树脂均有适当的脱腥作用,其中D113型树脂效果最好。在单因素实验的基础上进行正交实验设计,优化D113型树脂脱腥工艺,结果表明,在25℃下脱腥的最佳工艺参数为酶解液pH值5.0、树脂用量5.0%(m/v)、接触时间1.0h。在此工艺条件下,酶解液的腥味最低,蛋白质回收率为80.61%。本工艺可用于鱼蛋白酶解液的脱腥。     

石斛属植物化学成分研究概况

石斛作为我国传统中药材,有着悠久的应用历史.随着现代科技的发展,人们对于石斛的研究更加深入.论文在石斛种质资源、有效化学成分、栽培方式与化学成分等方面综述国内石斛属植物的研究现状,重点阐述国内对石斛属植物化学成分方面的研究概况,指出不同品种石斛属植物化学成分的差异分析和药理活性研究是当今研究重点,提出未来应在植物分子水平上对石斛属植物进行更多的研究,为国内石斛属植物资源的保护、利用和可持续发展提供科学依据.     

超声微波酶解协同提取油茶壳中原花青素

建立了超声微波酶解协同提取油茶壳中原花青素的方法。通过单因素试验,探讨了超声微波协同提取油茶壳中原花青素过程中各主要因素对原花青素提取率的影响规律。实验中发现,往提取液中加入适量纤维素酶,可显著提高原花青素的提取率。在此基础上,通过正交试验,优化并获得了超声微波酶解协同提取原花青素的最适宜条件。最适宜提取条件为:超声波频率40 KHz、微波功率200 W、提取时间60 s、料液比1∶6、提取温度50℃、0.1%纤维素酶0.5 mL、提取次数2次。在最适宜条件下,原花青素的提取率为4.46%,分别是超声提取、微波提取和超声-微波协同提取的4.0、3.3和1.8倍。本文所建立的超声微波酶解协同提取油茶壳中原花青素的方法具有简便、快速、高效和节能等优势,有利于应用推广。     

金钗石斛化学成分研究

金钗石斛(Dendrobium nobile Lindl.)系兰科石斛属草本植物,具有滋阴清热、生津益胃、润肺止咳的功效,是中药石斛的主要来源之一.对金钗石斛的化学成分进行了研究,利用多种色谱技术分离得到了4个化合物,并采用现代波谱技术,尤其是超导核磁共振技术(NMR)和文献数据对照鉴定他们的结构分别为:dengibsin(1)、2,4,7-三羟基-5-甲基芴酮(2)、大黄酚(3)、β-谷甾醇(4).这4个化合物为首次从该植物中获得.     

Sin-QuEChERS Nano净化柱结合气相色谱-串联质谱法快速筛查石斛中84种农药残留北大核心CSCD

利用Sin-QuEChERS Nano净化柱结合气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)分析,建立了石斛基质中84种不同极性农药残留的快速筛查方法。比较了采用不同的提取溶剂(1%乙酸乙腈、丙酮)和不同的提取方式(加水浸泡和不加水浸泡)下目标物的提取效率。利用金钗石斛样品系统比较了Sin-QuEChERS Nano法与经典的基质固相分散法(dSPE)、固相萃取法(SPE)、QuEChERS法的净化效果及提取回收率,以及净化效果较好的Sin-QuEChERS Nano法与dSPE法基质效应的差异。目标物经DB-1701MS石英毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm)程序升温分离,GC-MS/MS多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,基质匹配溶液外标法定量。通过GC-MS/MS检测方法对金钗石斛和铁皮石斛中的84种代表性农药进行了方法学验证。结果表明:各目标物在不同范围内呈良好的线性相关,相关系数(r^(2))均>0.990,方法的检出限(LOD,S/N=3)为1.5~5.8μg/kg,方法的定量限(LOQ,S/N=10)为5.0~15.0μg/kg。在两个水平下,目标农药的加标回收率为68.7%~116.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)均低于15%。与其他经典的前处理方法相比,Sin-QuEChERS Nano法在净化效果方面表现更好,该法不仅可以有效去除色素、有机酸、碱性干扰物等物质,还可以节省样品制备时间,避免溶剂转移造成的损失,无需进一步涡旋或离心,是一种简单而有效的提取物纯化程序。该方法灵敏、快速、简便、可靠,有效地提高了石斛中农药快速筛查时的检测效率,具有较强的实际应用价值。此外,所开发的方法可以进一步扩展目标农药的类型,并可以用于检测其他更多食品及中药材中的农药残留。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.