聚变堆用堆叠型REBCO超导股线的交流损耗特性研究

制备了一种面向聚变堆磁体用的堆叠型REBCO超导股线，采用电测法，用锁相放大器及数字采集卡对液氮环境下该种超导股线的传输损耗进行了测量。基于H公式对股线传输损耗进行了有限元模拟，并与实验值、理论值进行了对比，工频下不同加载电流幅值下实验值与仿真值的平均差异为16.2%,验证了实验结果，为进一步研究更复杂情况下堆叠型REBCO超导股线的交流损耗提供了参考。     

不同重叠排列方式的双层高温超导块材在永磁轨道上方的悬浮特性

研究了永磁轨道上方双层高温超导块材两种不同堆叠方式(籽晶生长线对齐方式和籽晶生长线错开方式)的悬浮特性。实验发现:这两种不同的堆叠方式对悬浮性能有不同的影响。随着场冷高度的增加,它们对悬浮性能的增加效应越来越弱,这种现象对于悬浮力来说尤其明显。场冷高度为10 mm和15 mm时,对悬浮力来说,籽晶生长线对齐堆叠方式与错开方式相比,第一次测量时前者减少的百分比为11.588%和0.870%,第二次测量时为12.693%和1.363%,第三次测量时为12.399%和1.370%。导向力也有类似的结论。经实验可以看出,可以通过优化每一块高温超导块材的具体摆放位置,来提高高温超导磁悬浮车的承载能力和稳定性。同时,这一结果对高温超导磁悬浮轴承、飞轮储能等悬浮间距小的场所也具有一定的参考价值。     

不同温区下准各向同性超导股线传输损耗研究

对第二代高温超导带材堆叠的准各向同性高温超导股线进行仿真，研究其在不同温区下的交流损耗。首先采用自洽模型获得20 K至77.5 K下超导股线的自场临界电流和磁场分布，然后通过T-A算法计算超导股线在不同温区下的传输不同幅值、频率的传输交流损耗。仿真结果表明，准各向同性高温超导股线在不同温区下的传输交流损耗与传输电流大小成正比，且温度越低传输交流损耗越大；不同温区下超导股线的传输损耗与频率无关。这对准各向同性超导股线应用于高场强磁体的冷却系统效率及热负荷的预估具有重要的参考意义。     

一种新型高温超导方形线的制备及基础特性研究北大核心

为了减小外界磁场对超导带材性能的影响,一些新型结构例如堆叠、换位、扭绞等高温超导线被广泛研究,在此基础上,提出一种制备新型高温超导方形线的工艺且制备了若干新型超导方形线样品。首先,将宽度为4mm的高温超导带材分切为1mm宽的超导窄带,同时将数根超导窄带堆叠、焊接成一根超导方形线。为了验证工艺的可行性,制备了若干高温超导方形线样品并对其基本特性进行了研究。结果表明,两组样品的临界电流分别为170A与255A,且临界电流曲线呈现出良好的超导特性。从椭圆和薄带方程的理论模型分析,其自场损耗的测试结果与理论结果基本一致。另外,同时对超导方形线的弯曲直径和轴向张力进行了测试,表明,样品的最小弯曲直径与最大轴向张力分别为60mm和350N。高温超导方形线的这些特性基本可以满足在高温超导电力设备的应用中。     

一种新型高温超导方形线的制备及基础特性研究

为了减小外界磁场对超导带材性能的影响,一些新型结构例如堆叠、换位、扭绞等高温超导线被广泛研究,在此基础上,提出一种制备新型高温超导方形线的工艺且制备了若干新型超导方形线样品。首先,将宽度为4mm的高温超导带材分切为1mm宽的超导窄带,同时将数根超导窄带堆叠、焊接成一根超导方形线。为了验证工艺的可行性,制备了若干高温超导方形线样品并对其基本特性进行了研究。结果表明,两组样品的临界电流分别为170A与255A,且临界电流曲线呈现出良好的超导特性。从椭圆和薄带方程的理论模型分析,其自场损耗的测试结果与理论结果基本一致。另外,同时对超导方形线的弯曲直径和轴向张力进行了测试,表明,样品的最小弯曲直径与最大轴向张力分别为60mm和350N。高温超导方形线的这些特性基本可以满足在高温超导电力设备的应用中。     

窄堆线的堆叠方式对高温超导管内电缆导体临界电流的影响

为了提高超导缆线的结构性能,将利用2mm宽的超导带材形成窄堆线,并将其嵌入到开槽铝管中,制备成一种基于窄堆线的高温超导管内电缆导体。通过临界电流测量实验,研究了不同带材根数和不同扭绞节距对高温超导管内电缆导体临界电流的影响。结果表明,扭绞节距一定时,带材堆叠根数越多,临界电流折损率越大;当扭绞节距最小为100mm时,超导窄堆线依旧能保持良好超导特性,且临界电流未发生较大折损。     

CFETR TF高场导体的横向几何特征分析

聚变堆用超导磁体性能衰退与超导丝断裂有关,其宏观表现为股线发生横向位移。对一种高性能CICC导体进行极限电磁性能测试,观测到导体性能发生显著衰退。通过FiJi软件对不同磁场下导体进行横向几何特征分析。结果表明,随磁场增加,洛伦兹力使得股线从低压区向高压区迁移,局部空隙率发生变化,并且整体股线向洛伦兹力方向迁移。     

具有不同扭距的堆叠扭绞型复合导体临界电流特性分析

根据高温超导堆叠扭绞型复合导体的结构参数,研究堆叠带材根数及扭绞节距对其临界电流特性的影响。首先阐述了堆叠扭绞型复合导体的结构特点,据此设计并制作实验样品。在77K、自场下,对采用不同根数超导带材复合而成的导体样品,分别测试其在多个扭绞节距下的临界电流。通过实验测试可得,随着扭转角度的增大,导体的临界电流不断衰减,且堆叠带材的数量越多,导体的临界节距越大。     

铜带复合对超导倾斜堆叠结构的电磁特性优化研究

REBCO堆叠结构是超导体应用实现的关键中间载体。然而随着REBCO堆叠结构中带材数量的增加,将产生较大的应力限制堆叠带材的数量。倾斜堆叠结构(CSS)在一定程度上可以平衡堆叠弯曲半径和堆叠数量。允许堆叠的数量增加后,可加入金属带材复合来实现CSS的结构优化。由于CSS电流的分布有着不均匀的特性,固定根数的铜带复合在CSS不同位置对临界电流的影响可能不同。首先,本文基于实验方法和仿真方法,对铜带复合在CSS不同部分的电磁特性展开研究。随后,基于响应面分析法量化了不同复合结构的具体效果。最后通过分析复合CSS和普通堆叠的临界电流差异和交流损耗差异,来验证铜带复合CSS的电磁性能优势。     

高温超导线(带)材的研究进展

综述了高温超导线(带)材的最新研究进展。主要介绍了第一代铋系高温超导线材,第二代钇系高温超导涂层带材以及新型MgB2超导线材的研究现状,并探讨了其发展方向和研究重点。     

多源共蒸发制备高性能REBa2Cu3O7-x涂层导体的进展与展望

REBa2Cu3O7-x (RE：钇、钆等稀土元素,REBCO）高温超导体因其具备较高的不可逆场和上临界场等优越性能,一经发现就备受关注。但由于材料本身固有的陶瓷性及弱连接等属性,导致其实际应用起来难度较大。目前,人们已经发展了诸多制备工艺来克服这些困难,实现了REBCO超导体的实际应用。按照前驱膜沉积方法可将REBCO超导薄膜的制备分为物理法和化学法。本文综述了物理气相沉积（PVD-Physical Vapor Deposition）法中多源共蒸发法制备REBCO超导薄膜的技术起源及演变历程,并与金属有机沉积、金属有机化学气相沉积、脉冲激光沉积等不同方法生产的REBCO超导带材进行对比,突出多源共蒸发法制备的REBCO薄膜性能优异、在商业化生产效率上具有更大的优势。最后对多源共蒸发法制备REBCO超导薄膜进行总结及展望,解决多源共蒸发沉积制备REBCO薄膜的成相机理、提高薄膜的钉扎中心等问题对未来第二代高温超导带材的大规模应用具有重要意义。     

Relation between interfacial shear strength and compressive strength of carbon fiber/epoxy resin composite strands

The mechanism with which the fiber-matrix interfacial strength exerts its influence on the compressive strength of fiber reinforced composites has been studied by measuring the axial compressive strength of carbon fiber/epoxy resin unidirectional composite strands having different levels of interfacial shear strength. The composite strands are used for experiments in order to investigate the compressive strength which is not affected by the delamination taking place at a weak interlayer of the laminated composites. The interfacial strength is varied by applying various degrees of liquid-phase surface treatment to the fibers. The efficiency of the compressive strength of the fibers utilized in the strength of the composite strands is estimated by measuring the compressive strength of the single carbon filaments with a micro-compression test. The compressive strength of the composite strands does not increase monotonically with increasing interfacial shear strength but showes lower values at higher interfacial shear strengths. With increasing interfacial shear strength, the suppression of the interfacial failure in the misaligned fiber region increases the compressive strength, while at higher interfacial shear strengths, the enhancement of the crack sensitivity decreases the compressive strength.     

Analysis of the Self-Protection Characteristics of a 1.5T Bitter-Like HTS Magnet Operated at 65K

We present a conceptual configuration of a high-temperature superconducting(HTS)magnet made from REBCO(Re=Rare Earth,B=Barium,C=Copper,O=Oxide)annular plates,called a Bitter-like HTS magnet,which can operate in persistent current mode without joint resistance and can be excited by a flux pump and without current leads and a persistent power supply.An REBCO annular magnet which can generate 1.5 T corresponding to the operating current density 80%of critical current density of the magnet at an operating temperature of65 K is conceptually designed.Then the thermal stability of the magnet is numerically simulated by Comsol software.Whein a piece of RBCO annular plate quenches,the maximum released energy is its stored energy because each REBCO annular plate in the Bitter-like magnet is in parallel.To calculate the stored energy in the REBCO annular plate,the inductance of every annular plate,including self-inductance and mutual inductance,is calculated.Compared with the minimum quench energy(MQE)and stored energy in one REBCO annular plate,the stored energy in one REBCO annular plate is always smaller than the MQE,and the REBCO annular plate will not be damaged even though the stored energy in the REBCO annular plate is fully released,which indicates that this 1.5 T Bitter-like magnet has the property of self-protection.     

金刚石薄膜的结构特征对薄膜附着性能的影响

在不同实验条件下，用微波等离子体化学气相沉积设备在硬质合金(WC+6%Co)衬底上沉积了 具有不同结构特征的金刚石薄膜.用Raman谱表征薄膜的品质和应力，用压痕实验表征薄膜的 附着性能，考察了薄膜中sp²杂化碳含量、形核密度、薄膜厚度对薄膜附着性能 的影响.结 果表明：sp²杂化碳的缓冲作用使薄膜中sp²杂化碳的含量对薄膜中 残余应力有较大的影 响，从而使薄膜压痕开裂直径统计性地随sp²杂化碳含量的增加而减小；仅仅依 靠超声遗 留的金刚石晶籽提高形核密度并不能有效改变薄膜与硬质合金基体之间的化学结合状况，从 而不能有效提高薄膜在衬底上的附着性能；在薄膜较薄时，晶粒之间没有压应力的存在，开 裂直径并不明显随厚度增加而增加，只有当薄膜厚度增加到一定值，晶粒之间才有较强压应 力存在，开裂直径随厚度的增加而较为迅速地增加. 关键词： 金刚石薄膜 附着性能 2杂化碳')" href="#">sp²杂化碳 成核密度 薄膜厚度     

REBCO厚膜的液相外延生长研究

本文从基片和种膜、LPE的初始阶段研究和超导性能的控制这三个方面回顾总结了液相外延生长REBCO(RE=稀土元素)厚膜的研究进展.我课题组发现的高温超导体氧化物YBCO的过热现象直接证实了采用低包晶熔点的YBCO种膜可以生长包晶温度较高的REB-CO,丰富了种膜的选择范围,此现象尤为值得关注.在LPE生长的初始阶段存在种膜的部分溶解、夹杂的形成和与稀土元素种类有关的择优生长等现象,用包括曲率效应和界面能影响的粗化机制可以解释以上现象.因而生长高结晶性的LPE厚膜时选用高品质的种膜甚为重要.为优化生长工艺,须考虑种膜的品质、熔剂中的Ba/Cu比和气氛对Mg的污染和结晶取向,RE离子对Ba的替代等方面问题,以达到获得高质量的REBCO LPE厚膜的目的.     

Quick screening for new flux pinning materials in YBCO films with the combinatorial-PLD method

An effective way to improve the superconducting properties in REBa₂Cu₃O_y (REBCO) films under a magnetic field is to dope artificial pinning centers (APC). The pinning performance depends on the content of the APC materials. Usually, the optimal APC content is explored by preparing films one at a time from the REBCO target using different APC material content, which is an extremely time-consuming process.The combinatorial-PLD (C-PLD) method allowed us to prepare films that continuously changed in composition across a single substrate. In this study, we used the C-PLD method to prepare BaSnO₃ (BSO)-doped YBCO films. The films were deposited on SrTiO₃ substrate using a fourth-harmonic Nd:YAG laser. From the results of the J_c–B curves at 77 K and B//c, the film that contained 3.2 vol.% of BSO exhibited the best pinning performance in this study. We showed that the C-PLD method was efficient for quick screening of the optimal APC content with only one deposition. We also used the C-PLD method to explore new APC materials, and proved that it can quickly evaluate the new APC materials Ba₃Cu₃In₄O₁₂ and BaTbO₃.     

Thermal Performance Evaluation of Heat Exchanger Tubes Equipped with Coupling Twisted Tapes

The present work has been conducted to investigate the effect of coupling twisted tapes on heat transfer enhancement in a heat exchanger. The effects of (1) twisted tape orientation (co-coupling twisted tapes or counter-coupling twisted tapes), (2) width ratio, and (3) twist ratio were also examined. Results of coupling twisted tapes were also compared to those of a typical twisted tape. Experimental results showed that the use of counter-coupling twisted tapes resulted in higher heat transfer, friction loss, and thermal performance factor than that of co-coupling twisted tapes and typical twisted tapes. Thermal performance factor increased as twist ratio and Reynolds number decreased while width ratio increased.     

Induced current of high temperature superconducting loops by combination of exciting coil and thermal switch

With its commercialization, the second-generation (2G) high temperature superconducting (HTS) RE—Ba—Cu—O (REBCO, RE is rare earth) tape is extensively applied to the superconducting magnets in the high magnetic fields. However, unlike low temperature superconducting (LTS) magnets, the HTS magnet cannot operate in the persistent current mode (PCM) due to the immature superconducting soldering technique. In this paper, an exciting method for two HTS sub-loops, so-called charging and load loops, is proposed by flux pump consisting of exciting coil and controllable thermal switch. Two HTS sub-loops are made of an REBCO tape with two slits. An exciting coil with iron core is located in one sub-loop and is supplied with a triangular waveform current so that magnetic field is generated in another sub-loop. The influence of magnetic flux on induced current in load loop is presented and verified in experiment at 77 K. The relationship between the induced magnetic flux density and the current on the sub-loops having been calibrated, magnetic flux density, and induced current are obtained. The results show that the HTS sub-loops can be excited by a coil with thermal switch and the induced current increases with magnetic flux of exciting coil increasing, which is promising for persistent current operation mode of HTS magnets.     

Electro-mechanical behavior of single twisted high-temperature superconducting tape under transverse Lorentz force

In recent years, several cabling methods of high temperature superconducting (HTS) cable have been proposed; e.g., the conductor on a round core cable (CORC), the Roebel assembled coated conductor cable, the helical twisted stacking-tape cable (TSTC) and the twisted-stack slotted core HTS cable (TSSC). These cabling methods allow the high temperature superconducting tapes widely used in the high-field magnets. The single superconducting tape performance under applied loads directly relates to the transport performance of the cable and the choice of the cabling method. In this paper, we investigate the effect of twisting morphology on the electro-mechanical properties of HTS tapes. Particular attention is given to the transverse Lorentz force of a pre-twisted HTS tape. The analytical solution of the deflection of the HTS tape under transverse Lorentz force is derived. Then, the current distribution and AC loss of the tape are calculated by using H-formulation. The effects of twist angle and loading conditions are examined for different HTS tape lengths. The results show that the stiffness resistance ability to Lorentz force of the HTS tape can be increased in several ranges by increasing the twist angle. The twisting structure can also reduce current degradation and AC loss, and thus enhance the transport capacity of HTS tape. This study helps understand the electro-mechanical properties of pre-twisted HTS tapes and provides theoretical reference for the design of novel HTS cable structures.     

窄丝化工艺对第二代高温超导带材临界电流特性的影响

超导带材应用于超导电力设备时,其临界电流特性受外界交变磁场大小和方向的影响,展现出明显的各向异性.为了减小外场对超导带材的影响,本文通过窄丝化工艺将4 mm宽的高温超导带材分切成2 mm宽的高温超导细丝.本文通过冷热循环疲劳测试实验和带材显微观察两个角度相互验证,对2 mm超导细丝临界电流性能做了具体评估.创新性地提出...