八钼酸根阴离子有机胺化合物的合成与结构

由MoO3和(CH3)3N或(C2H5)3N反应合成了两种分子组成分别为[(CH3)3NH]4Mo8O26·2H2O(1)和[(C2H5)3NH]4Mo8O26·2H2O(2)的化合物.单晶X衍射结构分析表明,化合物(1)属三斜晶系,空间群为P1,晶胞参数a=1.0500(2)nm,b=1.0533(2)nm,c=1.0765(2)nm,α=100.21(3)°,β=101.93(3)°,γ=118.47(3)°,V=0.9698(3)nm3,R1=0.0524.化合物(2)属单斜晶系,空间群为P21,晶胞参数a=1.1512(2)nm,b=1.3097(3)nm,c=1.7610(4)nm,β=101.40(3)°,V=2.6028(9)nm3,R=0.0428.结构分析表明,两种化合物中Mo8O264-阴离子均发生畸变,有机阳离子增大,Mo-O键键长缩短,阴离子畸变增大.     

GS型包合物G2PEDS·MeOH·2(H2O)和G2PEDS·naphthalene的合成与晶体结构

合成了两个由胍盐(G)和4，4’—苯醚二磺酸(PEDS)为主体框架所形成的主— 客体包合物，分别为[(CH6N3)]2[(C12H8O7S2)]·MeOH·2(H20)(1)和[(CH6N3)]2[ (C12H8O7S2)]·(C10H8)(2)．两个化合物都是以P—1空间群结晶，晶胞参数分别为 ：1a＝0．7509(4)nm，b＝1．2113(6)nm，c＝1．5936(8)nm，a＝102．636(10)° ，β＝102．703(11)°,γ＝91．318(10)°；2a＝0．75409(3)nm，b＝1．21584 (5)nm，c＝3．09376(14)nm，a＝81．506(2)°，β＝89．669(2)°，γ＝88． 890(2)°。在这两个晶体结构中，G和PEDS通过氢键形成了双夹层—双柱子的主体 框架，客体分子被包合在平行于a轴方向的晶格空间．这种双夹层—双柱子的主体 框架在由胍盐(G)和有机二磺酸(S)体系所形成的、具有通道结构的主体框架中是较 为少见的．     

若干镧系络合物的空间群

摘要 藉助模拟强度精修将九个镧系络合物晶体结构的空间群作了修正 .（ 1） NaN[Nd(DMSO)5(H2O)3]Cl3· 3H2O从 P1修正为 P;（ 2） Er(ClO4)3· 6(CH3)2NC(O)N(CH3)2从 P修正为 R;（ 3） Nd(O3SCF3)3· DMF· 6H2O从 P1修正为 R3m;(4)[NaNCCH3][Nd{S2CN(CH2CH3)2}4]从 P修正为 C 2/c;(5)[(CH3)2NCS2]3La· 2DMSO从 Cc修正为 C 2/c;（ 6） Yb(C9H7)2· 2THF从 Cc修正为 C 2/c;（ 7） [(C6H5)3Ge]2Yb· 4THF从 P21修正为 P 2;(8)TlPr(C36H44N4)2从 Pna2,修正为 Pnma;(9)[CuLaSm(C4O4)4(H2O)16]· 2H2O从 P2修正为 P2.（ 8）、（ 9）两个络合物结构从非心修正到有心时,不仅改进了键长与键角值,而且影响到分子结构特征的描述 .     

Dawson结构 [(HOCH_2CH_2)_2NH_2]_6·P_2W_(18)O_(62)·6H_2O的合成、表征、晶体结构

由二乙醇胺与H6P2W18O62·nH2O合成了[(HOCH2CH2)2NH2]6·P2W18O62·6H2O(I).单晶结构解析结果表明晶体属三方晶系,空间群为R-3,晶胞参数:a=b=c=1.36298(16)nm,α=β=γ=106.490(17)°,Z=1,V=2.1374(4)nm3,R=0.0837,Rw=0.2219.化合物分子由一个P2W18O626 阴离子、六个质子化的二乙醇胺、六个结晶水组成.标题化合物具有可逆光色性.热分析表明,化合物阴离子在463℃左右分解.     

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Structure of [CH_3NH_3]_2[(V~ⅣO)_2(V~ⅤO_4)_2]: A New Layered Mixed-valence Vanadium Oxide Incorporated with Organic Cations

IntroductionLayered intercalation compounds haveattracted increasing research attention due to theirapplications in diverse areas,for instance,some ofthem are used as rechargeable batteries,heterogeneous catalysts,and an exchange[1— 12 ] . Inprevious literatures,several layered mixed- valencevanadium oxides were reported,such as VO2 · 1 /2 H2 O[13 ] ,[H2 N( CH2 ) 4 NH2 ]V4O9[14 ] ,NH4V3 O8[15] ,( C6H14 · N2 ) V6O14 · 1 / 2 H2 O[16] ,[HN( C2 H4) 3 NH]V6O14 [17] ,NMe4V6O14 [18]…     

Dawson结构α-H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)·3(CH_3)_2NH·H_2O的合成、表征和晶体结构(英文)

由二甲胺与H6P2W18O62·nH2O合成了电荷转移化合物α H6P2W18O62·3(CH3)2NH·H2O.单晶结构解析结果表明晶体属单斜晶系,空间群为P21／c,晶胞参数:a=1.2964(3)nm,b=1.3621(3)nm,c=4.1559(8)nm,β=90.02(3)°,V=7.338(3)nm3,Z=4.标题化合物具有可逆光色性.热分析表明,化合物阴离子在430.5℃左右分解.     

二氧化碳插入单氢钌配合物反应中的水效应研究

分别研究了在干燥THF及H2O/THF条件下CO2与TpRu(PPh3)(CH3CN)H [Tp=Hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate]的反应,发现水对CO2插入TpRu(PPh3)(CH3CN)H 的反应具有显著促进作用.原位高压^1H,^31P和^13C核磁共振研究显示,在水存在下 ,CO2插入Ru-H键形成水合甲酸盐配合物TpRu(PPh3)(CH3CN)(η^1-OCHO)·H2O键而 得到增强,进而显著降低CO2插入TpRu(PPh3)(CH3CN)H中Ru-H键的活化能。TpRu (PPh3)(CH3CN)(η^1-OCHO)·H2O很快部分转化为另一甲酸盐配合物TpRu(PPh3)（ H2O）(η^1-OCHO)，二者最后达成平衡，后者由于甲酸盐配体与水分子配体间形成 分子内氢键而稳定。     

新型磷-钒-氧层状化合物[H2en]2[H3O]6[Co(H2O)2(VO)8(OH)4(PO4)8]的水热合成与晶体结构

金属磷酸盐材料在吸附、离子交换、离子传导和催化剂方面有潜在的应用前景[1～5]. 近年来, 通过水热反应合成了一些A-V-P-O化合物. 在这些化合物中, A一般为碱金属或有机阳离子, 如层状结构的[H2N(C4H8)2NH2][(VO)4(OH)4(PO4)2][6] 和[H2N(C2H4)3NH2][(VO)8(HPO4)3(PO4)4*(OH)2]*2H2O[6], 一维链状结构的 [H2NCH2CH2NH3(VO)(PO4)][7], 手性双螺旋结构的 [(CH3)2NH2]K4[(VO)10(H2O)2(OH)4(PO4)7]*H2O[8]以及具有三维骨架结构的化合物 [H3N(CH2)3NH3K(VO)3(PO4)3][9], [H3N(CH2)3NH3]2[V(H2O)2(VO)6(OH)2(HPO4)3(PO4)5]*3H2O[10]和[H3N(CH2)2NH3][(VO)3(H2O)2(PO4)2(HPO4)4][11].     

同多化合物[C6H5CH2NH(CH3)2]4[Mo8O26]·4H2O的合成与晶体结构

以MoO3和C6H5CH2N(CH3)2为原料,制得[C6H5CH2NH(CH3)2]4[Mo8O26]·4H2O,并通过扩散法得到无色透明晶体.X射线单晶衍射表明,晶体属三斜晶系,空间群为P墿,晶胞参数a=1.0685(2)nm,b=1.4050(3)nm,c=1.0643(2)nm,α=93.12(3)°,β=110.26(3)°,γ=71.41(3)°,V=1.4179(5)nm3,R=0.0383.     

2002年全国高中学生化学竞赛理论试题答案

第1题1－1(NH4)3H4PMo12O42·H2O＋26NaOH＝12Na2MoO4＋Na2HPO4＋3NH3＋17H2ONH3＋HCI＝NH4 Cl计量关系 P2O5－(NH4)3H4PMo12O42·H2O－NaOH1－2－46P2O5的摩尔质量:142g·mol-1P2O5%:(1．026mol·dm－3×0．04000dm-3－0．1022mol·dm－30．01520dm-3×142g·mol-1(46×0．385g)＝0．317＝31．7%(计量关系正确得3分,计算合理结果错扣1分,有效数字错扣0．5分)     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。