双重净化/气相色谱法测定水产品中指示性多氯联苯

为考察水产品中7种指示性多氯联苯(PCBs)残留,建立了水产品中痕量多氯联苯测定的双重净化/气相色谱法。样品用丙酮-正己烷(1∶4)混合溶剂提取,提取液经浓硫酸净化后再经硅胶分散固相萃取净化,气相色谱仪分析。优化的色谱条件为:选用HP-5(30 m×0.32 mm×0.25μm)石英毛细管柱,流速0.80 mL/min,进样量1.00μL,程序升温分离,采用电子捕获检测器进行测定。结果表明:在优化条件下,7种多氯联苯在10~500μg/kg范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均不低于0.99,不同基质的检出限(S/N=3)为0.72~4.1μg/kg,定量下限(S/N=10)为2.4~13.7μg/kg。对于鲳鱼、明虾和贻贝的空白样品,在10,20,100μg/kg 3个加标水平下7种多氯联苯的回收率为76.5%~104.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.6%~10.4%。本方法操作简便、快速、准确,可用于水产品中指示性多氯联苯残留量的日常检测。     

食品纸包装材料中指示性多氯联苯的固相萃取/气相色谱-质谱联用法测定

建立了一种简单、快速测定食品纸包装材料中指示性多氯联苯的分析方法.采用溶剂超声萃取样品,通过C18固相萃取柱、浓硫酸净化后,用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)进行测定.并对不同的萃取溶剂和萃取方法进行了系统地比较,优化了实验条件,方法的回收率为88%～102%,相对标准偏差为3%～7%,定量下限为1.0 μg/kg.     

气相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定三七中212种农药残留

建立了气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)同时测定三七中212种农药残留的方法。样品以乙腈-乙酸乙酯(体积比1∶3)提取,经FaPEx-BKT50固相萃取柱净化,待测物采用GC-MS/MS测定,以保留时间和特征离子对定性,外标法定量。结果表明,212种农药在10～200μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r²)均大于0.999,检出限(S/N=3)为0.003～0.02 mg/kg,定量下限(S/N=10)为0.01～0.05 mg/kg。在空白样品中进行0.02、0.04、0.1 mg/kg 3个水平的加标回收实验,212种农药的平均回收率为60.0%～121%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.90%～31%。该方法简单、灵敏、稳定,可有效去除复杂基体的干扰,各项技术指标均满足国内外农药残留的限量要求,适用于中药材三七中痕量农药的残留测定。     

QuEChERS/GC-MS/MS测定人参中41种农药残留

建立了QuEChERS结合气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)测定人参中41种农药残留的分析方法,采用选择反应监测(SRM)模式,外标法定量,并考察了Original、Acetate和Citrate 3种QuEChERS前处理方法对人参基质中目标农药的提取效率和净化效果。结果表明,采用Original QuEChERS前处理方法时,41种农药在一定浓度范围内的线性良好,相关系数(r)大于0.995,方法的检出限(LOD,S/N=3)为2.0～6.0μg/kg,定量下限(LOQ,S/N=10)为5.0～20.0μg/kg。在10、20、100、200μg/kg 4个加标水平下的回收率为86.7%～115%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于15%。该方法样品前处理简单、高效、准确、灵敏,适用于人参中多农药残留的筛选与测定。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定10种脂溶性贝类毒素

本研究采用甲醇提取,正己烷液-液萃取除油脂,HLB固相萃取柱富集净化,利用高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)检测,建立了同时检测贝类中10种脂溶性贝类毒素的分析方法.该方法明显降低了基质抑制效应;对10种目标物的检出限(S/N=3)为0.104～3.87 μg/kg;利用外标法进行定量,目标物线性良好;加标...     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛奶中多氯联苯及多环芳烃

建立了快速测定牛奶中20种多氯联苯(PCBs)和多环芳烃(PAHs)的气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)分析方法。目标化合物用正己烷提取3次,Cleanert Ba P-SPE固相萃取柱净化,GC-MS/MS测定。结果表明,20种目标物在5~200μg/L范围内呈良好线性,线性相关系数均大于0.99,方法定量下限为1.0μg/kg。在1.0,2.0,5.0μg/kg 3个加标水平下的平均回收率为67.3%~106.9%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.1%~13.9%。该方法简便、快速、准确,可用于牛奶中多氯联苯和多环芳烃残留的检测,为牛奶的质量控制和安全评价提供了保证。     

固相萃取/气相色谱-串联质谱法测定竹笋产地土壤中42种持久性有机污染物

建立了同时测定竹笋产地土壤中8种多环芳烃(PAHs)、18种多氯联苯(PCBs)和16种有机氯农药(OCPs)的方法。样品经丙酮-正己烷(1∶1,体积比)大功率超声提取,复合弗罗里硅土柱固相萃取净化、氮吹浓缩后,利用气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱(GC-MS/MS)测定。结果表明,42种持久性有机污染物(POPs)在35 min内得到分离,在2. 0～2 000. 0μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r2)为0. 995 2～0. 999 8;方法的加标回收率为62. 3%～128%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0. 5%～15. 8%,检出限(S/N=3)为0. 070～6. 902μg/kg。该法操作简便,准确度好,灵敏度高,可用于竹笋产地土壤样品中42种POPs的同时测定。     

微波辅助衍生化/气相色谱串联质谱同时测定猪肝与猪肾中4种巴比妥药物残留

采用气相色谱-离子阱串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)同时测定猪肝和猪肾中4种巴比妥类药物(巴比妥、异戊巴比妥、司可巴比妥钠和苯巴比妥)的残留量。残留药物用乙腈超声提取,浓缩后用5 mL 0.1 mol/LK2HPO4(pH 7.4)溶解,采用C18SPE柱净化,正己烷-乙酸乙酯(7∶3)洗脱,经CH3I微波辅助衍生化,甲基化产物经TR-5MS毛细管柱分离,在MS/MS模式下测定,外标法定量。方法在5～100μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数r>0.99,4种巴比妥药物的检出限(LOD,S/N≥3)在猪肝中不高于0.65μg/kg,猪肾中不高于1.00μg/kg。定量下限(LOQ,S/N≥10)在猪肝中不高于2.20μg/kg,猪肾中不高于3.35μg/kg。4种药物的加标回收率为68%～90%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均不高于10%。方法可以准确监测动物组织中的巴比妥类药物残留。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定食品接触材料中28种初级芳香胺的迁移量

建立了液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)同时测定食品接触材料中28种初级芳香胺(PAAs)迁移量的方法。采用C3色谱柱,以甲醇-水为流动相,梯度洗脱分离,在电喷雾正离子模式下以多反应监测(MRM)方式检测,外标法定量。28种PAAs检出限(LOD,S/N=3)和定量限(LOQ,S/N=10)分别为0.02～0.3μg/kg和0.1～1.0μg/kg;在1.0～1000μg/L浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数大于0.9915;加标浓度在1.0～100μg/kg的回收率为77.8%～105.3%;相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.5%～11.8%。本方法操作简便、快速、准确、灵敏度高,能满足相关测定要求。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定鳗鱼和虾中残留的33种喹诺酮和磺胺类药物

建立了鳗鱼和虾中33种喹诺酮类(QNs)和磺胺类(SAs)药物残留量的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定方法。以氘代试剂为内标,样品经酸性乙腈萃取后,用正己烷脱脂,旋转蒸发浓缩,采用LC-MS/MS选择反应监测(SRM)正离子模式测定,同时对鳗鱼和虾中的33种QNs和SAs进行定性和定量。33种QNs和SAs的检出限(S/N=3)为1.0 μg/kg,定量限(S/N=10)为2.0 μg/kg;在10.0～200.0 μg/L时目标物的峰强度与质量浓度的线性关系良好(r>0.99);平均回收率为66%～123%。该法简便快捷,降低了分析成本,也在一定程度上实现了药物残留的快速检测。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定海洋贝类中镉、铬、铜和铅

采用微波消解法处理海洋贝类样品,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定样品中镉、铬、铜和铅等4种重金属元素的含量。选择111 Cd、53 Cr、63 Cu和208 Pb等待测元素的同位素克服了质谱干扰。4种元素分别在一定的质量浓度范围内呈线性,检出限(3s)在0.005～0.17μg.L-1之间。镉、铬、铜和铅的回收率分别为94.7%,102.1%,101.9%,105.3%;测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)分别为4.3%,3.8%,1.5%,6.0%。     

Nano-hydroxyapatite preparation from biogenic raw materials

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) was successfully produced from recycled eggshell, seashell and phosphoric acid. The phases obtained depended on the ratio of calcined eggshell/ seashell to phosphoric acid, the calcination temperature and the mechanochemical activation method (ball milling or attrition milling). The HAp structures were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microsopy and infrared spectroscopy. Attrition milling was more effective than ball milling, yielding nanosize, homogenous and pure Hap.      

固相萃取-GC-MS法测定水中四氯联苯

建立全自动固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法检测水中微量四氯联苯的方法。采用全自动固相萃取装置配有C_(18)固相萃取盘富集浓缩水中四氯联苯后,用乙酸乙酯和二氯甲烷洗脱,以CD-5MS毛细管色谱柱分离,气相色谱质谱法测定水中四氯联苯的含量。对水样的洗脱剂、萃取流速、pH值、甲醇加入量等进行了优化试验,四氯联苯PCB52,PCB77,PCB81的质量浓度在5.00~50.0μg/L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性,检出限分别为0.002,0.003,0.002μg/L;加标回收率分别为90.9%,92.7%,95.4%;测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于3%(n=7)。该方法灵敏度高,适用于水样中痕量四氯联苯的监测。     

离子阱串联质谱法检测鱼肉中指示性多氯联苯

建立了使用离子阱串联质谱技术和同位素稀释技术准确测定鱼肉中的7种指示性多氯联苯（PCB）单体的方法。方法的检出限为0．025—0．068ng／g,6个加标鱼样（添加水平1ng／g）中7个单体的回收率为87.2％～103.7％,RSD为3．2％-8．7％（n=6）。本方法定量准确可靠,可用于食品中指示性PCB的测定。     

Determination of semi-volatile priority pollutants in landfill leachates and sediments using microwave-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction

The present work was focused on the development of a simple method aimed at the determination of 12 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 15 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in landfill leachates and sediments by adapting a domestic microwave oven to perform microwave-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction (MA-HS-SPME) followed by gas chromatographic separation and tandem mass spectrometric detection. Good linearity was observed within the concentration range studied; detection limits ranged from 0.1 ng/l to 7 ng/l for PCBs and from 5 ng/l to 926 ng/l for PAHs. Concerning precision, the relative standard deviations obtained were, on average for the leachate and sediment samples analysed, 18% for PCBs and 20% for PAHs. Average recovery values were 37% and 76% for PCBs, and 58% and 48% for PAHs, respectively, for the leachate and reference sediment studied. The method allows the determination of PAHs and PCBs in landfill leachates and sediments, avoiding clean-up steps and the consumption of organic solvents.     

气相色谱-负化学源质谱法测定海洋生物中的多溴联苯醚

建立了气相色谱-负化学源质谱(GC-NCI-MS) 法分析海洋贝类样品中多溴联苯醚(PBDEs) 的方法. 样品采用索氏提取、多层硅胶柱分离纯化及外标法定量, 7种BDE单体的基质加标回收率平均值为67.4%～101%, 相对标准偏差为4.0%～18%. 对采自大连的白蛤、菲蛤、牡蛎等样品进行分析, 结果表明负化学源分析方法适用于海洋贝类中PBDEs的检测.     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定土壤中多环芳烃和多氯联苯

研究土壤中持久性有机污染物的含量可以为区域环境治理和来源解析提供基础数据。本文通过固相萃取结合气相色谱-串联质谱法建立了16种多环芳烃和15种多氯联苯的检测方法,并优化了固相萃取净化方法、色谱条件以及质谱碰撞能量。结果表明16种多环芳烃和15种多氯联苯的标准曲线线性关系良好,方法线性相关系数r~20.999,方法的检出限为0.1~2.5μg·kg~(-1),16种多环芳烃的平均加标回收率范围为62.5%~113.5%,相对标准偏差在2.3%~8.2%之间,15种多氯联苯的平均加标回收率范围为62.6%~91.4%,相对标准偏差在5.2%~7.8%之间。方法的准确度和精密度较高,通过对实际样品的测定,说明该方法具有较低的检出限及较强的抗干扰能力,能满足土壤中多环芳烃和多氯联苯的检测要求。     

加速溶剂提取-同位素稀释-高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱法测定生物样品中82种多氯联苯

我国水产品中多氯联苯(PCBs)的检测方法,主要以6种指示性PCBs和12种二噁英类共平面PCBs为主,仅涵盖有限的PCBs。为更全面地获得生物体中PCBs的浓度水平,深入探讨PCBs在生物体内的代谢和富集特征,进而准确评价PCBs对人类的暴露水平及风险,以鱼和贝类作为生物样品代表,建立了加速溶剂提取-同位素稀释-高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱(ASE-ID-HRGC-HRMS)测定生物样品中82种PCBs的方法。比较了振荡提取和加速溶剂提取两种提取方式的回收率和重复性,最终采用正己烷-二氯甲烷(1∶1, v/v)对PCBs进行加速溶剂提取。考察了各流分淋洗液对PCBs的回收率,确定了样品提取液经8 g 44%酸性硅胶层析柱(内径15 mm), 90 mL正己烷洗脱的净化方式。样品提取液净化浓缩后进行HRGC-HRMS分析,色谱柱采用DB-5MS超低流失石英毛细管柱(60 m×0.25 mm×0.25 μm)。通过优化后的升温程序对化合物进行分离,以保留时间和两个特征离子精准定性,采用同位素内标法定量。结果表明,在0.1~200 μg/L范围内,平均相对响应因子(RRF)的相对标准偏差值(RSD, n=7)均≤20%,相关系数(r²)>0.99。生物样品中PCBs的方法检出限为0.02~3 pg/g;鱼类中PCBs平均加标回收率为71.3%~141%, RSD(n=7)为2.1%~14%;贝类中PCBs平均加标回收率为76.9%~143%, RSD为1.4%~11%。该方法灵敏、准确、可靠,可以更加全面具体地分析鱼和贝类等水产品受PCBs的污染情况,为国内外开展生物监测提供有效的技术支持,从而服务于相关生态环境管理及履行《斯德哥尔摩公约》。     

An impact crushing dynamic model of waste printed circuit board particles

In order to obtain optimal particle size and distribution of crushed waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) for high-quantify separation of Cu and nonmetal, different distribution models are used to describe waste PCBs particles impact crushing distribution characteristics. The results showed that: Rosin–Rammler distribution can more accurately describe waste PCBs impact crushing distribution regularity, and can be used to predict waste PCBs particles impact crushing distribution characteristics. Based on this, a new dynamic model for impact crushing waste PCBs particle size and distribution was established. It was used to analyze the impact crushing distribution characteristics of the waste PCBs particles with the same mass and different size grades, and with the same size grades and different mass. The results have a good agreement with the actual crushing results. This model has some significance for the processing of waste PCBs impact crushing, and this research possibly offers a basis for the design of waste PCBs recycling production lines.     

PAH and PCB determination of the concentration gradient in moss Pleurozium schreberi near a highway,and seasonal variability at the background reference site

Moss (Pleurozium schreberi) was investigated as biomonitor of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Samples were collected at a distance of 10, 50 and 100 m from a highway and were seasonally collected in a forest stand near a regional background air pollution station situated approximately 30 km from the highway. The samples from the background area were dried using two different techniques in parallel, air-drying and freeze-drying. Simultaneous pressurised liquid extraction of PAHs and PCBs was performed, followed by purification using gel permeation chromatography of the crude extract. The concentration of the 15 most important Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) PAHs was determined by gas chromatography coupled with ion-trap mass spectrometry with a selected ion storage acquisition programme, and the PCB concentrations were determined using a mass spectrometer operated in tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) mode. Acceptable recoveries and quality parameters for PAHs and PCBs were achieved with the use of pressurised liquid extraction followed by gel permeation chromatography. The detection limit was <0.76 ng g^?1 for PAHs and <0.04 ng g^?1 for PCBs. Possible contamination of the moss samples by 3-ring PAHs and PCBs in the atmosphere was found during air drying. Increased PAH and PCB concentrations caused by car engine exhausts and by asphalt and oil evaporation were found near the highway. Generally, the PAH and PCB concentrations in moss decreased exponentially with distance from the highway. The organic compound concentrations close to the background station showed seasonal fluctuations corresponding to the fluctuations in the local air temperature and particle concentration.