蒙药饭石膏的红外光谱分析及药用再研讨

利用红外光谱法分析了蒙药饭石膏的成分，结果表明，该类矿物药除主要成分水菱镁矿外，还含有其他的碳酸盐类矿物，并发现有绿泥石的存在，该结果为重新认识饭石膏药理作用及其临床应用提供了依据。     

古墓出土猫眼宝石的分析鉴定

采用电子探针显微分析仪(EPMA)和RM-1000型显微激光拉曼仪(LRS)测定了古墓出土、具有猫眼效应的宝石戒面的矿物成分以及其中所含有元素,为确定此宝石为金绿猫眼提供了有力地佐证.     

高效液相色谱-质谱法鉴定中药复方小续命汤有效成分组中醇溶性成分

在对中药复方小续命汤进行了活性研究之后,建立了适宜的高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离-串联质谱法(HPLC-ESI-MS/MS)对小续命汤抗脑缺血有效成分组中16个主要的醇溶性成分进行鉴定。这些成分分别属于生物碱类、黄酮类和苷类。样品采用MS和MS/MS全扫描两种模式进行分析。结果显示:在电喷雾离子化过程中生物碱类成分易于质子化而成为正离子,黄酮与苷类成分则易于失去质子成为负离子。因而运用了两种流动相系统以得到这些化合物的适宜离子进行检测。对于中药复方小续命汤中有效成分进行鉴定,能为更好地阐明中药复方的有效成分及作用机制提供依据。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法在不同药典中的方法体系和在中药无机成分研究中的应用进展

为科学指导中药安全性标准的建立和合理评价中药的安全性和有效性,通过比较中国、美国及欧洲等药典电感耦合等离子体质谱法[ICP-MS,包括高效液相色谱(HPLC)-ICP-MS]通则方法及技术体系,综述了药典中ICP-MS的方法体系及在中药(动物药、植物药或矿物药)中重金属元素及有害元素、元素形态或价态检测中的技术规范和应用范围;通过相关文献整理,综述了ICP-MS在中药无机成分安全性评价及风险评估、无机元素谱及质量评价和有害元素形态及价态等方面的应用进展,并对ICP-MS新技术和方法在中药研究的应用前景进行了展望(引用文献57篇)。     

丹参脂溶性成分结构优化研究进展

丹参作为一种传统中药在临床上广泛应用于心脑血管疾病的治疗,对其有效成分及衍生物的研究一直是国内外的研究热点.丹参的有效成分主要分为脂溶性成分和水溶性成分,其脂溶性成分具有多种药理活性,但因其水溶性不足、生物利用度低的缺点限制了临床应用.为了能够推进丹参脂溶性成分的临床应用,研究人员以丹参脂溶性成分为先导化合物进行结构优化,以期能够提高其类药性.综述了近年来丹参主要脂溶性成分的结构优化及相关药理活性的研究进展,总结了主要脂溶性成分的成药性结构优化策略以及该类衍生物的合成方法,阐述了不同位置结构优化对药理活性的影响,旨在为丹参脂溶性成分创新药物的研发提供新的研究思路.     

三裂叶蟛蜞菊中氨基酸成分和矿物元素的分析

为更好地开发利用蟛蜞菊这一中草药资源,采用氨基酸分析仪和原子吸收光谱仪测定了游离氨基酸的含量和矿物元素的含量。结果表明,蟛蜞菊中富含多种成分的氨基酸,其中谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸、亮氨酸含量较高,且含有7种人体必需的氨基酸;还含有丰富的钙、镁、铁、锰、锌、铜和硒等矿物元素;蟛蜞菊中高含量的氨基酸成分及矿物元素与其多种生理、药理活性作用密切相关。     

油页岩热解过程中铅的挥发性研究

油页岩是矿物机体中含有固体可燃有机质的细粒沉积岩,含油率为3.5%～30%,灰分的质量分数大于40%,属于腐泥类煤,由水生物等浮游植物、低等浮游动物经腐败作用和煤化作用而生成[1],油页岩中含有重金属元素及其化合物.国内外根据各元素热力行为的不同,将痕量元素分为三类,易挥发性元素、中等挥发性元素、低挥发性元素.     

拉曼光谱技术结合主成分分析-支持向量机对砷类矿物药的分类识别研究

为了快速检测砷类矿物药,建立了拉曼光谱技术结合主成分分析(PCA)-支持向量机(SVM)分类识别砷类矿物药的新方法.首先对雄黄、雌黄、信石和砒霜的拉曼光谱进行了归属,并进行了 PCA-SVM分类识别.然后分别测定了五个批次雄黄的拉曼光谱,并进行了 PCA-SVM分类识别,最后对其拉曼光谱的差异进行了分析.该方法快速、方...     

玻璃标样结合硫内标归一定量技术在激光剥蚀-等离子体质谱分析硫化物矿物中的应用

以硬石膏矿物标样中Ca相对于S的灵敏度因子为基准,将玻璃标样中主量和痕量元素相对于Ca的灵敏度因子转换成元素相对于S的灵敏度因子,建立了多玻璃标样结合硫内标归一定量技术分析硫化物单矿物多元素的新方法。利用本方法分析了美国合成多金属硫化物矿物标样MASS-1中20种元素,主量元素分析结果的相对误差小于10%,痕量元素分析结果几乎都落在给定值±不确定度范围内。利用本方法对12个硫化物单矿物分析结果表明,绝大多数主量元素含量测定值的相对误差小于10%,且多数主量元素甚至优于以MASS-1为外标、内标归一定量法及内标校准法分析结果,而痕量元素与MASS-1校准结果较为一致。本方法克服了基体不匹配的问题,能比较准确地定量分析硫化物矿物中的主成分S,可用于定量校准硫化物矿物。     

碱熔-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定硫铁矿单矿物中的金、银及铂族元素

<正>单矿物分析在地质样品分析中属于较难解决的问题之一,原因是现成的分析方法少。而单矿物中微量元素的地球化学特征研究又需要矿物成分中微量元素含量的准确测定。铂族元素可以作为一种新的地球化学示踪剂,对岩石学特征和地幔源区的演化提供重要的信息。铂族元素通常采用火试金的方法测定[1-5],需要至少20g以上的样品,而单矿物的样品量通常比较少。这就要求用较少的试样量,不仅提供矿物主成分,而且要测定多种痕量元素,铂族     

Investigation on Structure and Bonding of As_4S_4 Isomers

Mineral medicine, especially those containing heavy metals, is one of the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine. A famous mineral medicine, realgar, containing heavy metal arsenic with a chemical formula of As_4S_4, has the function of detoxification, killing bacteria and viruses, and eliminating dampness and phlegm. Different As_4S_4 isomers are likely to have different drug effects and pharmacological actions. Therefore, it is of great scientific significance to find more stable As_4S_4 isomers. In view of this, ab initio molecular orbital theory and density functional theory(DFT) have been used to study ten isomers of As_4S_4 at the B3LYP/6-31 G*, B3LYP/6-311+G*, B3LYP/6-311+G(3 df, 2 p) and MP2/(6-311+G*, LanL2 MB) levels of theory. In addition to the two isomers having been studied previously, eight new isomers were investigated in the present paper. All the ten As_4S_4 isomers were proved to be true local minima on their potential energy surfaces. The calculated NICS values and molecular orbital analyses showed that, the D_(2d) symmetric As_4S_4, isomer 1, may be s-aromatic. The study proves that ten As_4S_4 isomers are stable thermodynamically, and are highly desirable for the future theoretical study of realgar.     

Unraveling the mystery of efficacy in Chinese medicine formula: New approaches and technologies for research on pharmacodynamic substances

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the key to unlock treasures of Chinese civilization. TCM and its compound play a beneficial role in medical activities to cure diseases, especially in major public health events such as novel coronavirus epidemics across the globe. The chemical composition in Chinese medicine formula is complex and diverse, but their effective substances resemble “mystery boxes”. Revealing their active ingredients and their mechanisms of action has become focal point and difficulty of research for herbalists. Although the existing research methods are numerous and constantly updated iteratively, there is remain a lack of prospective reviews. Hence, this paper provides a comprehensive account of existing new approaches and technologies based on previous studies with an in vitro to in vivo perspective. In addition, the bottlenecks of studies on Chinese medicine formula effective substances are also revealed. Especially, we look ahead to new perspectives, technologies and applications for its future development. This work reviews based on new perspectives to open horizons for the future research. Consequently, herbal compounding pharmaceutical substances study should carry on the essence of TCM while pursuing innovations in the field.     

Clinical Chemistry: Challenges for Analytical Chemistry and the Nanosciences from Medicine

Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine can look back over more than 150 years of eventful history. The subject encompasses all the medicinal disciplines as well as the remaining natural sciences. Clinical chemistry demonstrates how new insights from basic research in biochemical, biological, analytical chemical, engineering, and information technology can be transferred into the daily routine of medicine to improve diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring, and prevention. This Review begins with a presentation of the development of clinical chemistry. Individual steps between the drawing of blood and interpretation of laboratory data are then illustrated; here not only are pitfalls described, but so are quality control systems. The introduction of new methods and trends into medicinal analysis is explored, along with opportunities and problems associated with personalized medicine.     

若干新型结构和新的成键方式的金属羰基簇合物

本文介绍了几位作者所合成并用X射线单晶结构分析表征的五类新型Fe,Co,Ru羰基簇合物。讨论其成键方式与结构特点。并介绍某些具有双键的配位基以不同的断裂方式提供不同的分子片配位于原子簇骨架的情况。     

矿物药的研究及发展概况

通过查阅、分析近十年来的文献,从矿物药的物理性质、结构、化学成分和药理学等方面,概述了矿物药的研究现状及存在的问题,并对矿物药的结构与药效之间的联系、微量元素的作用、元素的赋存状态与药效的关系及矿物药治病作用与中毒作用的量化界定等研究热点及发展动向作了简要的述评。     

Boerhaave’s Mineral Chemistry and Its Influence on Eighteenth-Century Pharmacy in the Netherlands and England

In the eighteenth century, the use of mineral or fossil substances was relatively common in European medicine and pharmacy. However, this period also saw profound changes in ideas about the nomenclature, chemistry, and curative properties of minerals. Jonathan Simon has recently argued that an increasing orientation towards the mineral kingdom and the chemical transformation of minerals, and a rise in the number of mineral preparations demanded of the pharmacist, were characteristic for eighteenth-century chemistry within pharmacy. Yet in the Netherlands, and to a certain extent in England, another pattern is visible: although there certainly was an interest in the mineral kingdom and the chemical transformation of nonorganic materials, nothing suggests that this resulted in a strong increase in the demand for mineral-based pharmaceutical preparations – rather the contrary. Unlike English and French eighteenth-century pharmacy, Dutch pharmacy and its relation to academic medicine and chemistry have hardly received attention from historians of science thus far. This paper aims to fill that gap and argues that Herman Boerhaave’s (1668–1738) view on mineral medicine was crucial in the development of a certain wariness of “mineral medicine” in the eighteenth-century Netherlands and England, especially among apothecaries.     

电子自旋、微观可区分性及化学键

本文从分析电子自旋磁矩 (磁极 )的空间性质入手,讨论了电子的可区分性。通过讨论2个电子自旋组态的 8种形式,其中,包括 4种磁极吸引的耦合态、4种磁矩排斥的非耦合态,同理,电子轨旋运动也存在 4种耦合态。自旋耦合、轨旋全耦合需要 8个电子,所以元素周期性为 8音律。磁矩耦合是形成化学键的第一要求,第二才是异核吸引作用 ;化学键的广义表达语言应该是:化学键只能由磁矩耦合的电子组成。对电子的波粒二象性和测不准原理进行了新的理论解释,并讨论了波粒二象性和测不准现象的物理模型。该模型与电子的微观可区分性相一致。     

选矿产品矿物自动分析的光片制备

基于扫描电子显微镜的矿物自动分析仪(Quantitative Evaluation of Minerals by Scanning Electronic Microscopy)、MLA (Mineral Liberation Analyser)和AMICS(Advanced Mineral Identification and Characterization System)可用于测定选矿产品中目的矿物的粒度和单体解离度,为确定合理的磨矿细度以及优化选矿工艺流程提供依据。环氧树脂光片的制备是矿物自动识别和测量的最关键的一环,其代表性直接关系到后续数据测量的准确性和真实性。对于金属矿产品来说,由于选矿产品中矿物颗粒粗细不均、密度差异较大,在环氧树脂胶结固化过程中矿物颗粒会产生明显的分异作用并互相黏连,造成分析结果失真。实验证明,把样品与晶质石墨混均,然后加入环氧树脂以及固化剂搅拌混合倒入圆柱状模具进行冷镶嵌,待样品固化后再沿圆柱体的纵向进行切割,并对其切割面进行粗磨、细磨、精磨以及抛光,就可以制备出样品分散性好、分布均匀、表面光滑平整的具有代表性的环氧树脂光片。     

苯基荧光酮光度法测定·OH

建立了一种新的测定Fenton反应所产生的羟自由基的方法 ,苯基荧光酮 (Phenylfluorone ,简称本芴酮 )与Fenton试剂作用后 ,使其荧光大大降低 ,其最大激发波长和发射波长分别为 50 0nm和 42 0nm ,基于苯基荧光酮在反应前后的荧光变化 ,即可间接地测定羟自由基的产生量。同时 ,通过清除率实验反证了该方法的可靠性 ,利用顺磁共振法测定苯基荧光酮加入前后的波谱变化来进一步证实该方法的正确性。化学测定过程均在国产仪器下完成 ,具有较高的灵敏度。可推广为一种作为寻找羟自由基清除剂的方法 ,也可作为医学上部分药品性能检验的一种方法     

含酯基苯并噻唑衍生物的摩擦膜及热膜化学结构

制备了两种苯并噻唑衍生物2-苯并噻唑基-巯基硫代乙酸正辛酯(MBTT)和2-苯并噻唑基-巯基乙酸正辛酯(MBTA), 并用元素分析和核磁共振谱表征其分子结构. 用X光吸收近边结构谱(X-ray absorption near edge structure, XANES)全面地分析了杂环化合物在矿物油和菜籽油中所形成的摩擦膜和热膜的化学态. 分析结果表明, 在矿物油中, 添加剂MBTT和MBTA摩擦反应生成的摩擦膜主要由FeS2组成, 而菜籽油中, 两种添加剂摩擦反应生成的摩擦膜由FeSO4组成; 在两种基础油中, 两种添加剂生成的热膜都是由FeSO4组成的.