负催化动力学光度法测定溴的研究

本文报道了溴 ( Br- )对溴酸钾氧化甲基橙 ( MO)褪色反应的负催化作用及其动力学分析 ,建立了测定痕量溴的新方法。方法的检出限达到 1 .0× 1 0 - 9g/ m L,线性范围 0 .5～ 1 .8ng/ m L,表观摩尔吸光系数 1 .0× 1 0 6 L·mol- 1·cm- 1。用于井水 ,精盐中痕量溴的测定 ,结果满意     

罗丹明6G褪色光度法测定微量溴酸根

研究了在盐酸介质中,溴酸根氧化罗丹明6G褪色的最佳条件。吸收波长λmax为525nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为3.9×105L·mol-1·cm-1。溴酸根在0～5.0μg/5ml范围内符合比耳定律。方法用干合成样和化学试剂中微量溴酸根的测定,结果满意。     

溶胶凝胶溴离子选择电极的研制与应用

报道了一种以溶胶凝胶为载体的溴离子选择电极。电极信号响应线性范围为1 .0× 1 0 - 1～ 1 .0× 1 0 - 5mol/L,斜率为 5 7m V/pc;检出限为 2 .5× 1 0 - 6 mol/L。该电极响应快 ,体积小 ,稳定性和重现性好。电极用作测定溴离子浓度 ,结果令人满意     

二甲酚橙褪色光度法测定微量溴酸根离子的研究

提出了测定微量溴酸根离子的新方法,研究了在盐酸介质中,溴酸根离子氧化二甲酚橙褪色的最佳条件。最大吸收波长λ_(max)为430nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.5×10~4,溴酸根离子在10～50μg/25ml范围内符合比耳定律,可用于化学试剂中的微量溴酸根离子测定,结果满意。     

负催化动力学光度法测定微量碘的研究

本文报道碘 ( I- )对重铬酸钾氧化罗丹明 B( RHB)褪色反应的负催化作用及其动力学分析 ,建立了测定微量碘的新方法 ,检出限 2× 1 0 - 8g/m L,线性范围 0～ 1 6μg/m L,表观摩尔吸光系数 6.7× 1 0 4 L·mol- 1· cm。方法用于海带、食盐等食品中微量碘的测定 ,结果满意     

阻抑-褪色光度法测定痕量硅

基于NH3 NH4 Cl缓冲溶液介质中 ,Si 对H2 O2 氧化十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 姜黄素离子缔合物的褪色反应的抑制作用 ,提出了测定痕量硅新的高灵敏的褪色光度法。该方法的表观摩尔吸光系数ε50 0=5 .70× 10 5L·mol-1·cm-1;线性范围为 0 .4～ 3.6 μg/L ;线性回归方程ΔA =2 .2 3× 10 -4 + 0 .0 2 0 17CSi (μg/L) ;相关系数r =0 .9999;测定下限为 2 0× 10 -8g/L。本法用于人发样和水样中痕量硅的测定 ,结果满意。     

反相流动注射化学发光法测定单宁

在碱性介质中 ,单宁对高碘酸钾氧化鲁米诺的化学发光反应有较强的增敏作用 ,据此建立了反相流动注射化学发光测定单宁的新方法 ,并研究了最佳反应条件。该方法快速、准确、线性范围宽 ,测定单宁的检出限为 1 .1 2× 1 0 - 9g/ m L,方法的线性范围为 2 .0× 1 0 - 8～ 6 .0× 1 0 - 6 g/ m L,对于 4.0× 1 0 - 6 g/ m L单宁 1 0次测定的相对标准偏差为 0 .79%。应用于中药五倍子、诃子中单宁的测定 ,结果满意     

二溴羟基苯基荧光酮光度法测定铅的研究

研究了铅与二溴羟基苯基荧光酮在阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵存在下的显色反应。在硼酸盐缓冲介质中铅与二溴羟基苯基荧光酮在十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 ( CTMAB)存在下形成红色络合物 ,最大吸收波长为 5 4 0 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为 6.1× 1 0 4 L· mol- 1· cm- 1。铅含量在 0～ 30μg/2 5 m L符合比耳定律。本法应用于测定市售化妆品、人工湖水中的铅 ,结果准确可靠     

工业废水中阳离子表面活性剂的分光光度法测定

研究了阳离子表面活性剂溴化十六烷基三甲基胺和氯化十六烷基吡啶与二溴羧基苯基重氮氨基偶氮苯的显色反应 ,并提出了分光光度测定阳离子表面活性剂的新方法。结果表明 ,在碱性介质中 ,溴化十六烷基三甲基胺、氯化十六烷基吡啶等均能与二溴羧基苯基重氮氨基偶氮苯形成 1∶ 2的紫红色离子缔合物 ,最大吸收波长位于 5 80 nm处 ,表观摩尔吸光系数为 3.7× 1 0 4 L· mol- 1·cm- 1。表面活性剂的浓度在 0～ 80 μg/2 5 m L范围内符合比耳定律。方法直接应用于工业废水中阳离子表面活性剂的测定 ,获得了满意的结果     

高锰酸钾-甲醛-碘化学发光新体系的研究

在甲醛存在下 ,高锰酸钾在酸性溶液中可以氧化碘离子 ,产生很强的化学发光。根据这一发现 ,采用流动注射技术 ,建立了利用高锰酸钾 -甲醛 -碘化学发光体系测定碘的化学发光分析法。方法的检出限为 1 .8× 1 0 -8g/m L,相对标准偏差为 1 .3% (1 .0× 1 0 -6g/m L ,n=1 1 ) ,线性范围为 1 .0× 1 0 -7～ 8.0× 1 0 -6g/m L。方法已用于食品中碘含量的测定。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。     

黄酮化合物的合成研究进展

黄酮化合物是一类具有多种生物活性的天然产物,其经典的合成方法主要为查耳酮路线和β-丙二酮路线.近年来出现了许多新技术、新方法.本文介绍了2'-羟基查尔酮的氧化关环法、黄烷酮氧化法、改进的Baker-Venkataraman法及其他合成黄酮化合物的方法.