烷基环己烷夺氢反应类的动力学研究

应用反应类过渡态理论(RC-TST)研究了氢自由基抽取烷基环己烷氢的反应类,给出了该类反应的动力学参数.通过研究该反应类中的14个代表反应,分析得到了RC-TST方法所需要的各种参数,建立了该类反应的线性能量关系式(LER).应用RC-TST/LER方法计算得到速率常数与TST/Eckart方法计算结果吻合很好,分析表明RC-TST/LER方法对于准确预测夺氢反应类的速率常数十分有效,可以节约大量计算成本.     

多环芳烃与不饱和自由基氢提取反应类的动力学研究

对2~6个环的多环芳烃的氢提取反应类进行了系统研究, 提取氢原子的不饱和自由基包括丙炔基自由基（C₃H₃）、 烯丙基自由基（C₃H₅）、 丁二烯基自由基（nC₄H₅, iC₄H₅）、 环戊二烯基自由基（C₅H₅）以及苯基自由基（C₆H₅）. 采用M06-2X/cc-pVTZ方法得到了多环芳烃的电子结构信息, 利用过渡态理论并结合Eckart隧道校正, 计算了所有反应在500~2500 K范围内的反应速率常数.考察了多环芳烃的大小、 结构对反应速率常数的影响, 对比了不同氢提取自由基及不同氢提取反应类型的速率常数. 结果表明, 多环芳烃的大小对反应速率常数影响不大, 但是多环芳烃的环结构对反应速率常数影响较大. 将不同的氢提取反应类简化为发生在五元环上的C₅类和发生在六元环上的C₆类两类, 结果表明, C₆类的反应活性高于C₅类. 研究了nC₄H₅, iC₄H₅以及C₆H₅自由基与多环芳烃的氢提取反应, 它们的氢提取反应活性大小顺序为C₆H₅>nC₄H₅>iC₄H₅. 通过对每类典型反应的速率常数取平均值, 总结出相应类型的速率规则, 可用于构建多环芳烃和碳烟机理.     

CF_2ClC(O)OCH_2CH_3+OH的反应机理及动力学性质的理论研究

利用双水平直接动力学方法,在MCG3-MPWB//M06-2X/aug-cc-pVDZ水平上研究了CF_2ClC(0)OCH_2CH_3+OH的微观反应机理.得到了反应物CF_2ClC(O)OCH_2CH_3的5种稳定构象(RCl~RC5),并对每一构象考察了发生在-CH_3-和-CH_2-基团上的所有可能氢提取反应通道.利用改进的变分过渡态理论(ICVT)结合小曲率隧道效应校正(SCT)计算了各反应通道的速率常数,分析了各构象反应位点选择性.结果表明,对于构象RCl和RC2,低温时氢提取反应主要发生在-CH_2-基团上;而对于构象RC3RC4和RC5,发生在-CH_3基团上的氢提取反应通道在整个温度区间内占绝对优势.根据Boltzmann配分函数计算总包反应速率常数,在298 K温度下计算的体系总包反应速率常数与实验值相符,进而给出200~1000 K温度范围内拟合了速率常数的三参数Arrhenius表达式:k_(overall)=5.45×10~(25)T~(4.54)exp(-685/T).     

CHF_2CF_2CH_2OCHF_2与OH自由基反应机理的理论研究

采用从头算和密度泛函方法研究了多通道反应CHF2CF2CH2OCHF2+OH→产物的反应机理.首先在BMK/6-311+G(d,p)水平下优化了稳定点的几何构型并计算了振动频率;然后在BMC-CCSD水平下,对势能面进行高水平能量校正.结果表明,此反应存在提氢和取代两类反应通道,但是无论从动力学还是从热力学分析,提氢反应通道才是主要的反应通道,且从-CH2-基团上提取氢原子的提氢通道是主要的反应通道.     

Criegee中间体CH_3CHOO与OH自由基反应机理的理论研究

采用CCSD(T)//B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)方法研究了Criegee中间体CH_3CHOO与OH自由基反应的微观机理.结果表明,上述反应存在抽氢、加成-分解和氧化3类反应通道,其中,syn-CH3CHOO+OH以抽β-H为优势通道,表观活化能为-4.88 k J/mol;anti-CH_3CHOO+OH则以加成-分解反应为优势通道,表观活化能为-13.25 k J/mol.在加成-分解和氧化反应通道中,anti-构象的能垒均低于syn-构象,而抽氢反应则是syn-(β-H)的能垒低于anti-构象.速率常数计算表明,anti-构象的加成-分解反应通道具有显著的负温度效应;syn-和anti-构象的氧化通道具有显著的正温度效应.3类反应具有显著不同的温度效应,说明通过改变温度可显著调节3类反应的相对速率.     

聚苯乙烯热降解机理的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP/6-311G（d）方法,对聚苯乙烯（PS）热降解反应机理进行了研究。PS热降解的主要产物是苯乙烯,其次是甲苯、α-甲基苯乙烯、乙苯和二聚体等芳烃化合物。PS热降解反应主要包括主链C-C键均裂、β-断裂、氢转移和自由基终止等反应。针对以上各类反应进行了路径设计和理论计算分析,对参与反应的分子的几何结构进行了优化和频率计算,获得了各热降解路径的标准动力学和热力学参数。计算结果表明,苯乙烯主要由自由基的链端β-断裂反应形成;二聚体主要由分子内1,3氢转移的反应形成;α-甲基苯乙烯由分子内的1,2氢转移后进行β-断裂形成;甲苯由苯甲基自由基夺取主链上的氢原子形成;乙苯由苯乙基自由基夺取氢原子形成。动力学分析表明,苯乙烯形成所需要的能垒低于其他产物形成所需要的能垒,故苯乙烯为主要的热降解产物;这与相关实验结果基本一致。     

MCM-41担载的镍钼硫化物上二苯并噻吩的加氢脱硫反应动力学

 采用高压滴流床反应器研究了在WHSV＝30~90 h-1,p＝5.0 MPa和θ＝280~340 ℃的条件下,二苯并噻吩(DBT)在不同Ni含量的Ni-Mo/MCM-41催化剂样品上的加氢脱硫(HDS)反应动力学. 应用拟1级活塞流模型计算了该系列催化剂上的HDS反应的表观反应速率常数以及加氢反应路径和氢解反应路径的反应速率常数. 结果表明,加氢反应路径的速率常数和氢解反应路径的速率常数在同一个数量级上,说明在Ni-Mo/MCM-41上进行DBT的HDS反应时, 这两个平行的反应路径是并重的. 随着催化剂中Ni/Mo原子比的增大,两个反应路径的速率常数均增大,并在Ni/Mo原子比为0.75时达到最大值. 当Ni/Mo原子比增大到1.0时,两个反应路径的速率常数均大幅下降. 根据Arrhenius方程求得了DBT在Ni-Mo/MCM-41上进行HDS反应的表观活化能. 结果表明,催化剂的活性与表观活化能存在明显的相关关系,活化能越低,活性越高.     

烷基自由基β位裂解反应类反应势垒与速率常数的精确计算

提出反应类等键方法并用于高温燃烧机理中一类重要反应——烷基自由基β位裂解反应的反应势垒和速率常数的精确校正计算. 通过10种不同从头算水平对类反应中5个代表反应的反应势垒的计算发现, 用反应类等键反应方法和直接从头算方法获得的5 个代表反应的反应势垒最大绝对偏差的平均值分别为5.32 和16.16 kJ·mol^-1, 表明反应类等键反应方法计算的反应势垒对不同水平从头算方法的依赖性小, 可在较低从头算水平计算得到精确的反应势垒, 解决大分子体系反应势垒的精确计算问题. 此外应用反应类等键反应方法在BHandHLYP/cc-pVDZ 从头算水平计算了3 个代表反应的速率常数, 并与文献报道的实验值进行了比较, 其在500-2000 K温度区间内计算速率常数与实验速率常数中较大值与较小值的比值k_max/k_min的平均值为1.67, 最大值也仅有2.49. 表明应用反应类等键反应方法在较低从头算水平即可对同类反应的速率常数进行精确计算.最后在BHandHLYP/cc-pVDZ从头算水平用反应类等键反应方法计算了13个烷基自由基β位裂解反应的速率常数.     

CF3CH2CF2CH3（HFC-365mfc）与Cl原子反应的微观机理及动力学性质

采用密度泛函理论方法 M06-2X结合6-31+G(d,p)基组研究了CF3CH2CF2CH3与Cl原子反应的反应机理.计算获得了CF3CH2CF2CH3的两种可区分的稳定几何构象RC1和RC2以及与它们相对应的8条氢提取反应通道和2条取代反应通道.运用改进的正则变分过渡态理论(ICVT)并结合小曲率隧道效应校正(SCT),在M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p)水平上计算了各氢提取通道的速率常数,并由Boltzmann配分函数得到总包反应的速率常数kT(cm3.molecule-1.s-1).计算结果表明,体系的总反应速率常数与已有实验值相吻合,进而给出了该反应在200～1000 K温度区间内反应速率常数kT的三参数表达式kT=1.88×10-22T3.76.exp(-1780.69/T),并讨论了两种构象RC1和RC2对总反应的贡献及各构象中氢提取发生在—CH3或—CH2—基团上的位置选择性.此外,由于缺少相关反应物及产物自由基标准生成焓ΔHf,298 K的数据,利用等化学键法估算了在上述物种的标准生成焓.     

甲硫醇和氢原子反应的从头算直接动力学

利用双水平直接动力学方法对反应CH3SH+H的微观机理和动力学性质进行了理论研究.对于此反应的三个反应通道,即—SH和—CH3基团上的两个氢提取通道及一个取代通道,在MP2/6-311+G(d,p)水平上优化得到了各稳定点的结构及振动频率,并在G3(MP2)水平上进行了单点能量计算以获得更精确的能量信息;在此基础上运用结合小曲率隧道效应校正的变分过渡态理论(CVT/SCT)计算了各反应通道在220-1000 K温度区间的速率常数.计算结果表明提取—SH基团上H的反应通道R1在整个反应温度区间都是主要通道,而随着温度的升高,低温下的次要反应通道——取代通道R3变得越来越重要,并且在高温下将成为一个竞争的反应通道;提取—CH3基团上H的反应通道(R2)由于具有较高的反应能垒,因而,其对总反应速率常数的贡献可以忽略.计算得到的总反应速率常数与已有的实验值符合得很好,进而我们预测了该反应在220-1000 K温度范围内速率常数的表达式为:k=5.00×10-18T2.39exp(-119.81/T),为将来的实验研究提供参考.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.