合成气制低碳烯烃K－Fe－MnO／MgO催化剂的研究Ⅰ．MnO助剂的作用

采用ＣＯ加氢反应、ＣＯ－ＴＰＤ、ＣＯ／Ｈ＿２－ＴＰＳＲ及Ｃ＿２Ｈ＿４／Ｈ＿２－ＴＰＳＲ等手段，研究合成气制低碳烯烃反应Ｋ－Ｆｅ－ＭｎＯ／ＭｇＯ催化剂中ＭｎＯ的助剂作用。结果表明ＭｎＯ能大幅度提高低碳烯烃的选择性，尤其是乙烯的选择性；ＭｎＯ能抑制催化剂表面的乙烯加氢，因而有利于提高低碳烯烃的选择性及烯／烷的比值。     

N－取代硫代磷酰胺二乙酯合成新方法的研究

以ＰＥＧ作相转移催化剂，在无机碱（Ｋ＿２ＣＯ＿３或Ｎａ＿２ＣＯ＿３）存在下，用乙基氯化物（Ｏ，Ｏ－二乙基硫代磷酰氯）与不同的胺反应，合成了六种Ｎ－取代硫代磷酰胺二乙酯，其结构经ＩＲ、ＮＭＲ和元素分析证实。     

负载水溶性铑－膦配合物催化1－己烯氢甲酰化反应的研究

将水溶性铑－膦配合物Ｒｈｃｉ（ＣＯ）（ＴＰＰＴＳ）＿２（ＴＰＰＴＳ：Ｐ－（ｍ－Ｃ＿６Ｈ＿４ＳＯ＿３Ｎａ）＿３）负载于扩孔硅胶上，制成负载水相催化剂（ＳＡＰＣ），在高压反应釜中研究其催化１－己烯氢甲酰化的性能。结果表明，催化剂的水含量对其活性影响很大，在一较窄的水含量范围内（２５—３５ｗｔ％），催化剂活性急剧增大，且存在一极大值，表现出水膜催化剂的特性。反应温度、总压和ＣＯ／Ｈ＿２分压、Ｒｈ／Ｐ比的影响，与使用烃溶性能。三苯膦络合催化剂时有类似规律，溶剂的影响不明显，实验证明，ＳＡＰＣ具有良好催化活性，ＳｉＯ＿２上负载的铑配合物不会被原料和产物洗提而造成流失，有利于催化剂的稳定和重复使用。     

Fe－Mn－K催化剂FT合成反应的研究

研究了Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ－Ｋ催化剂ＦＴ合成动力学及产物分布规律，并探讨了反应条件对（ＣＯ＋Ｈ＿２）转化率及α－己烯／正己烷比的影响。结果表明，该催化剂的产物分布需用两个α才能较好地描述；反应温度及反应气氛下Ｈ＿２／ＣＯ比对α－己烯／正己烷比具有较大影响：最后获得的动力学方程为：－ｒ＿（Ｈ＿２＋ＣＯ）＝ａＰ＿（ＣＯ）Ｐ＿（Ｈ＿２）／（Ｐ＿（ＣＯ）＋ｂＰ＿（Ｈ＿２Ｏ）），从活化能的角度看，该粒度催化剂存在着内扩散效应。     

Cu对Cu－Mn－Ce－O和Cu－Mn－Ce－Pd－O催化剂三效性能的影响

利用火焰脉冲－微反装置考察了Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ和Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｐｄ－Ｏ两类催化剂的三效活性。结果表明Ｃｕ的加入有利于Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ的ＮＯｘ和ＣＯ的转化，而不利于Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－ｐｄ－Ｏ的ＮＯｘ和ＨＣ的转化。ＸＲＤ分析结果表明在Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ中加入Ｐｄ，原来的ＣｕＭｎ＿２Ｏ＿３消失，生成新相ＭｎＡｌ＿２Ｏ＿４；ＴＰＲ分析结果表明Ｃｕ使Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ样品表面氧量增加，表面易于还原，而使Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－ｐｄ－Ｏ样品表面难于还原。实验结果还表明Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－ｐｄ－Ｏ催化剂的三效性能远远优于Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｏ催化剂。     

CO／H_2合成甲醇CuO－ZnO－ZrO_2催化剂的研究

通过活性测定，ＸＲＤ、ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ表征，考察了共沉淀法制备的铜锌锆合成甲醇催化剂中ＺｒＯ＿２对物相结构、催化活性及热稳定性的影响。结果表明，ＺｒＯ＿２能显著提高ＣＯ／Ｈ＿２合成甲醇的催化活性和热稳定性。催化剂母体、氧化态和还原态的物相并未发生变化，仍分别为：Ｃｕ＿２（ＯＨ）＿３ＮＯ＿３，（Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ）＿５（ＣＯ＿３）＿２（ＯＨ）＿６，（Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ）＿２ＣＯ＿３（ＯＨ）＿２，Ｚｎ＿５（ＣＯ＿３）＿２（ＯＨ）＿６；ＣｕＯ、２ｎＯ；Ｃｕ，ＺｎＯ。ＺｒＯ＿２使催化剂各组分的结晶度变得更差，晶粒更细。实验证明催化剂中ＺｒＯ＿２主要以无定形状态存在，也不排除与其它组分形成固溶体。本文还探讨了ＺｒＯ＿２提高催化活性和热稳定性的原因。认为ＺｒＯ＿２既起了载体的高分散作用，间隔活性组分作用，又起了增加和稳定活性中心的促进剂作用。     

Cu－Zn－Cr／Al_2O_3催化剂的XRD研究

Ｃｕ－Ｚｎ－Ｃｒ／Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３催化剂的ＸＲＤ研究解韫青，连业良（青岛建工学院分析检测中心，山东青岛２６６０３３）以Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３为载体的催化剂有广泛的用途，国内外有不少学者进付研究，卞国柱￣［１］研究了Ｋ－ＭｏＯ＿３／γ－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３催化剂的物种...     

CoMoK／γ－Al_2O_3水煤气变换催化剂的硫化及反硫化

以Ｈ＿２Ｓ和ＣＳ＿２作硫化剂，用ＴＰＳ和ＴＰＤＳ方法研究了水媒气变换催化剂ＣｏＭｏＫ／γ－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３的硫化及反硫化过程。用Ｈ＿２Ｓ／Ｈ＿２硫化时，只发现Ｈ＿２Ｓ的消耗和Ｈ＿２Ｏ的生成，用ＣＳ＿２／Ｈ＿２硫化时，首先生成ＣＯ＿２，然后是ＣＨ＿４，Ｈ＿２Ｏ和Ｈ＿２Ｓ，ＴＰＧ实验表明催化剂表面上有积炭，造成催化剂的活性降低。但积炭在水煤气变换反应进行中逐渐除去。ＴＰＤＳ实验表明Ｎ＿２不起反硫化作用，Ｈ＿２和ＣＯ也没有明显反硫化作用，Ｈ＿２Ｏ对ＣｏＭｏＫ／γ－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３催化剂有根强的反硫化作用。Ｏ＿２能使催化剂部分永久性失活。ＸＰＳ测试表明反硫化的催化剂中低价的Ｍｏ￣（４＋）转变成高价的Ｍｏ￣（５＋）和Ｍｏ￣（６＋），导致其活性下降。     

Fe（Ⅲ）－TEA－5－Br－PADAP－H_2O_2体系中催化波的研究及其应

在０．２ｍｏｌ·Ｌ￣（－１）ＮＨ＿４Ｃｌ－ＮＨ＿３·Ｈ＿２Ｏ底液中，（ｐＨ为９．２６），得到一个极为灵敏的Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）－ＴＥＡ－５－Ｂｒ－ＰＡＤＡＰ－Ｈ＿２Ｏ＿２配合吸附催化波，其峰电位为－０．７１Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ）。铁浓度在１．８×１０￣（－１０）～５．４×１０￣（－６）ｍｏｌ·Ｌ￣（－１）范围内与二阶导数波高呈线性关系。对该极谱波的性质进行了研究，证明是一种配合吸附催化波，并成功地应用于各类水样，钒催化剂中微量或痕量铁的测定。     

铁基超细粒子催化剂的F－T反应性能研究Ⅲ．反应条件的影响、稳定性及硫中毒

详细考察了反应条件，包括温度、压力、空速、原料气组成对Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ超细粒子催化剂Ｆ－Ｔ反应性能的影响。结果表明，反应条件对催化剂活性，低碳烯烃、ＣＯ＿２以及ＣＨ＿４选择性等都有一定的影响。在所考察的时间范围（８４０ｈ）内，即使在很宽的操作范围内操作，催化剂的稳定性仍能保持良好。硫中毒使催化剂的Ｆ－Ｔ反应活性逐渐下降，产物向轻质组分偏移，Ｃ＿２～Ｃ＿４组分中烯／烷比值下降，但Ｃ＿２～Ｃ＿４烯占总烃的质量百分比略有升高，ＣＯ＿２选择性急剧下降。     

Sc2MgGa2 and Y2MgGa2

Scandium magnesium gallide, Sc₂MgGa₂, and yttrium magnesium gallide, Y₂MgGa₂, were synthesized from the corresponding elements by heating under an argon atmosphere in an induction furnace. These intermetallic compounds crystallize in the tetragonal Mo₂FeB₂‐type structure. All three crystallographically unique atoms occupy special positions and the site symmetries of (Sc/Y, Ga) and Mg are m2m and 4/m, respectively. The coordinations around Sc/Y, Mg and Ga are pentagonal (Sc/Y), tetragonal (Mg) and triangular (Ga) prisms, with four (Mg) or three (Ga) additional capping atoms leading to the coordination numbers [10], [8+4] and [6+3], respectively. The crystal structure of Sc₂MgGa₂ was determined from single‐crystal diffraction intensities and the isostructural Y₂MgGa₂ was identified from powder diffraction data.     

Zur Kenntnis der Dialkalimetalldichalkogenide β-Na2S2, K2S2, α-Rb2S2, β-Rb2S2, K2Se2, Rb2Se2, α-K2Te2, β-K2Te2 und Rb2Te2

On Dialkali Metal Dichalcogenides β-Na₂S₂, K₂S₂, α-Rb₂S₂, β-Rb₂S₂, K₂Se₂, Rb₂Se₂, α-K₂Te₂, β-K₂Te₂ and Rb₂Te₂ The first presentation of pure samples of α- and β-Rb₂S₂, α- and β-K₂Te₂, and Rb₂Te₂ is described. Using single crystals of K₂S₂ and K₂Se₂, received by ammonothermal synthesis, the structure of the Na₂O₂ type and by using single crystals of β-Na₂S₂ and β-K₂Te₂ the Li₂O₂ type structure will be refined. By combined investigations with temperature-dependent Guinier-, neutron diffraction-, thermal analysis, and Raman-spectroscopy the nature of the monotropic phase transition from the Na₂O₂ type to the Li₂O₂ type will be explained by means of the examples α-/β-Na₂S₂ and α-/β-K₂Te₂. A further case of dimorphic condition as well as the monotropic phase transition of α- and β-Rb₂S₂ is presented. The existing areas of the structure fields of the dialkali metal dichalcogenides are limited by the model of the polar covalence.     

Crystal Structures of [Bu2Sn(O2PPh2)2], [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2], and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2. Raman Spectra of [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2] and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2

[(n‐Bu)₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 1 ), and [Ph₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 2 ) have been synthesized by the reactions of R₂SnCl₂ (R=n‐Bu, Ph) with HO₂PPh₂ in Methanol. From the reaction of Ph₂SnCl₂ with diphenylphosphinic acid a third product [PhClSn(O₂PPh₂)OMe]₂ ( 3 ) could be isolated. X‐ray diffraction studies show 1 to crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 1303.7(1) pm, b = 2286.9(2) pm, c = 1063.1(1) pm, β = 94.383(6)°, and Z = 4. 2 crystallizes triclinic in the space group , the cell parameters being a = 1293.2(2) pm, b = 1478.5(4) pm, c = 1507.2(3) pm, α = 98.86(3)°, β = 109.63(2)°, γ = 114.88(2)°, and Z = 2. Both compounds form arrays of eight‐membered rings (SnOPO)₂ linked at the tin atoms to form chains of infinite length. The dimer 3 consists of a like ring, in which the tin atoms are bridged by methoxo groups. It crystallizes triclinic in space group with a = 946.4(1) pm, b = 963.7(1) pm, c = 1174.2(1) pm, α = 82.495(6)°, β = 66.451(6)°, γ = 74.922(6)°, and Z = 1 for the dimer. The Raman spectra of 2 and 3 are given and discussed.     

Electrochemical study of (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2 and (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2FeCl2

Summary The ability of [MoS₄]^2–, anions to be used as ligands for transition metal ions has been widely demonstrated, especially with Fe²⁺. The present study has been restricted to linear complexes such as (NEt₄)₂ [Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂] and (NEt₄)₂[Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂FeCl₂]. Their electrochemical properties are described: upon electrochemical reduction, these compounds yield MoS₂, as a black precipitate, and an iron complex in solution, assumed to be [SFeCl₂]^2–. The electrochemical reduction goes through two electron transfers, coupled with the breakdown of the molecular skeleton: a DISPl and an ECE mechanism. Depending on the solvent, the following equilibrium may be observed: [Cl₄Fe₂MoS₄]^2–[Cl₂FeMoS₄]^2–+FeCl₂. The equilibrium constant, K_D, was evaluated by differential pulse polarography. K_D is tightly related to the donor number of the solvent.     

The alkali hypophosphites KH2PO2, RbH2PO2 and CsH2PO2

The structures of the hypophosphites KH₂PO₂ (potassium hypophosphite), RbH₂PO₂ (rubidium hypophosphite) and CsH₂PO₂ (caesium hypophosphite) have been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structures consist of layers of alkali cations and hypophosphite anions, with the latter bridging four cations within the same layer. The Rb and Cs hypophosphites are isomorphous.     

Syntheses,Spectroscopic Studies,and Crystal Structures of Me2Sn(O2PPh2)2, Ph2Pb(O2PMe2)2, and Ph2Pb(O2PPh2)2

Me₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂ ( 1 ), Ph₂Pb(O₂PMe₂)₂ ( 2 ), and Ph₂Pb(O₂PPh₂)₂ ( 3 ) have been synthesized by the reactions of Me₂SnCl₂ or Ph₃PbCl with the corresponding diorganophosphinic acid in methanol. X‐ray diffraction studies show that the diorganophosphinate groups behave as double bridges between the metal atoms leading to polymeric ring‐chain structures with M₂O₄P₂ (M = Pb, Sn) eight‐membered rings. The organic groups bonded to the metal atoms are in trans‐position in the resulting octahedral arrangement around the metal atoms. The IR and the mass spectra were reported and discussed.     

Thermal decomposition of Me3SnO2PCl2, Me2Sn(O2PCl2)2 and Ph3SnO2PCl2

TG and DTA studies on Me₃SnO₂PCl₂, Me₂Sn(O₂PCl₂)₂ and Ph₃SnO₂PCl₂ were carried out under dynamic argon atmosphere. The results show that the decomposition proceeds in different stages leading to the formation of Sn₃(PO₄)₂ as a stable product. This compound was characterized by IR spectroscopy. Decomposition schemes involving reductive elimination reactions were proposed.