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1.
Investigation of the transfer ionization process in collisions of partially stripped ions on He 下载免费PDF全文
In this paper a projectile ion-recoil ion coincidence
technique is used to investigate the transfer ionization processes
in collisions of 0.22--6.30~MeV C^{q + } ions and 0.25--6.35~MeV
O^{q + } ions (q=1, 2, 3, 4) with the He atom separately. The cross
section ratio f of transfer ionization to single electron transfer
is measured, and the dependence of f on both charge state q and
energy E of the projectiles is investigated. The
electron-structure and the mechanisms leading to transfer ionization
affect the dependence of f on q and E. Our measurements, along
with other data published previously, suggest a similar dependence
of f on charge state and energy of projectile for partially
stripped ions over a large energy range. The maximum value of f is
approximately 0.17q^{0.60}; the energy corresponding to maximum
f is about 160q^{0.60}~keV/u. 相似文献
2.
We have studied sharp peak landscapes of the Eigen model from a
new perspective about how the quasispecies are distributed in the
sequence space. To analyse the distribution more carefully, we bring
in two tools. One tool is the variance of Hamming distance of the
sequences at a given generation. It not only offers us a different
avenue for accurately locating the error threshold and illustrates
how the configuration of the distribution varies with copying
fidelity $q$ in the sequence space, but also divides the copying
fidelity into three distinct regimes. The other tool is the
similarity network of a certain Hamming distance $d_{0}$, by which we
can gain a visual and in-depth result about how the sequences
are distributed. We find that there are several local similarity optima
around the centre (global similarity optimum) in the distribution of
the sequences reproduced near the threshold. Furthermore, it is
interesting that the distribution of clustering coefficient $C(k)$
follows lognormal distribution and the curve of clustering
coefficient $C$ of the network versus $d_{0}$ appears to be linear
near the threshold. 相似文献
3.
Cluster-assisted generation of multicharged ions in nanosecond laser ionization of carbon bisulfide clusters at 1064nm 下载免费PDF全文
The photoionization of seeded carbon bisulfide molecular beam by a
1064\,nm nanosecond Nd-YAG laser with intensities varying from
$0.8\times10^{11}$ to $5.6\times10^{11}$\,W/cm$^{2}$ have been
studied by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Multiply charged ions
of S$^{q + }$ ($q$ = 2--6) and C$^{q +}$ ($q$ = 2--4) with kinetic
energy of hundreds of electron volts have been observed, and there
are strong experimental evidences indicating that those multicharged
ions originate from the ionization of CS$_{2}$ neat clusters in the
beam. An electron recolliding ionization model is proposed to
explain the appearance of those multiply charged atomic ions under
such low laser intensities. 相似文献
4.
It is shown that the fluctuations of the jamming coverage upon Random Sequential Adsorption (RSA) (
), decay with the lattice size according to the power-law
, with
,where D is the dimension of the substrate and
is the fractal dimension of the set of sites belonging to the substrate where the RSA process actually takes place. This result is in excellent agreement with the figure recently reported by Vandewalle et al. [Eur. Phys. J. B 14, 407 (2000)], namely
for the RSA of needles with D = 2 and
, that gives
. Furthermore, our prediction is in excellent agreement with different previous numerical results. The derived relationships are also confirmed by means of extensive numerical simulations applied to the RSA of dimers on both stochastic and deterministic fractal substrates.Received: 17 October 2003, Published online: 8 December 2003PACS:
05.40.-a Fluctuation phenomena, random processes, noise, and Brownian motion - 02.50.-r Probability theory, stochastic processes, and statistics 相似文献
5.
Role of localised surface plasmon polaritons coupling in optical transmission through double-layer metal apertures 下载免费PDF全文
In this paper, we investigate the optical properties of
the double-layer metal films perforated with single apertures by
analysing the coupling of localized surface plasmon polaritons (LSPPs).
It is found that the amplitude and the wavelength of transmission
peak in such a structure can be adjusted by changing the
longitudinal interval D between two films and the lateral
displacements d_{x} and d_{y} which are parallel and
perpendicular to the polarization direction of incident light,
respectively. The variation of longitudinal interval D results in
the redshift of transmission peak due to the change of coupling
strength of LSPPs near the single apertures. The amplitude of
transmission peak decreases with the increase of d_{y} and is less
than that in the case of d_{x}, which originates from the
difference in coupling manner between LSPPs and the localized
natures of LSPPs. 相似文献
6.
We present the calculation of the two-loop spin splitting functions $P_{ij}^{(1)}(x)(i,j=q,g)$ contributing to the next-to-leading order corrected spin structure function g 1 (x, Q2). These splitting functions, which are presented in the ${?erline {? MS}}$ scheme, are derived from the order $←pha_{s}^{2}$ contribution to the anomalous dimensions $αmma_{ij}^{m}(i,j=q,g)$. The latter correspond to the local operators which appear in the operator product expansion of two electromagnetic currents. Some of the properties of the anomalous dimensions will be discussed. In particular our findings are in agreement with the supersymmetric relation $αmma_{qq}^{m}+αmma_{gq}^{m}-αmma_{qg}^{m}-αmma_{gg}^{m}=0$ up to order $←pha_{s}^{2}$. 相似文献
7.
The dependences of soft magnetic properties and microstructures of the
sputtered FeCo (=FeFeCo薄膜 溅射条件 软磁性 高饱和磁化强度 FeCo film, sputtering conditions, high saturation magnetization,
soft magnetic properties 2005-10-26 3/7/2006 12:00:00 AM The dependences of soft magnetic properties and microstructures of the sputtered FeCo (=Fe65Co35) films on Co underlayer thickness tCo, FeCo thickness tFeCo, substrate temperature Ts and taxget-substrate spacing dT-s are studied. FeCo single layer generally shows a high coercivity with no obvious magnetic anisotropy. Excellent soft magnetic properties with saturation magnetization μ0Ms of 2.35 T and hard axis coercivity Hch of 0.25 kA/m in FeCo films can be achieved by introducing a Co underlayer. It is shown that sandwiching a Co underlayer causes a change in orientation and reduction in grain size from 70 nm to about 10 nm in the FeCo layer. The magnetic softness can be explained by the Hoffmann's ripple theory due to the effect of grain size. The magnetic anisotropy can be controlled by changing dT-S, and a maximum of 14.3 kA/m for anisotropic field Hk is obtained with dT-S=18.0 cm. 相似文献
8.
利用标度阶乘矩方法对290 A MeV $^{12}$C-AgBr, 400 A MeV $^{12}$C-AgBr, 400 A MeV $^{20}$Ne-AgBr及500 A MeV $^{56}$Fe-AgBr 作用靶核反冲质子在二维正常相空间及累积变量空间发射过程中的多重数涨落分别进行了分析。实验结果表明:在正常相空间,对于秩数q较小时标度阶乘矩($ln $)随相空间的分割数的增加而增加,而对于秩数较大时标度阶乘矩($ln $)随相空间的分割数的增加表现出先增加后趋于饱和或减小的趋势;在累积变量空间,标度阶乘矩($ln $)随相空间的分割数的增加而减小,这表明对于我们所研究的核作用体系靶核反冲质子发射过程中不存在非统计涨落。Multiplicity fluctuation of the target recoil protons emitted in $290$\,A MeV $^{12}$C-AgBr, $400$\,A MeV $^{12}$C-AgBr, $400$\,A MeV $^{20}$Ne-AgBr and $500$\,A MeV $^{56}$Fe-AgBr interactions are studied using the scaled factorial moment (SFM) method in two-dimensional normal phase space and cumulative variable space, respectively. It is found that in normal phase space the SFM ($\ln $) increases linearly with the increase of the divided number of phase space ($\ln{M}$) for lower q-values and increases linearly and then becomes saturation or decrease with the increase of $\ln{M}$ for higher q-values, and in cumulative variable space $\ln $ decreases linearly with the increase of $\ln{M}$, which indicates that no evidence of non-statistical multiplicity fluctuation is observed in our data sets. 相似文献
9.
Negative refraction in ferromagnetic materials under external magnetic field: a theoretical analysis 下载免费PDF全文
We present a detailed theoretical analysis on the
possibilities and conditions for negative permeability and negative
refraction occuring in the magnetic materials with both pronounced
magnetic and dielectric responses to electromagnetic waves. The
results indicate that the permeability is always positive for
$\de=(2q+0.5)\pi$ ($\de$ is the initial phase difference of magnetic
components $h_{x}$ and $h_{y }$ of incident electromagnetic wave,
$q$ is integer), which means that it is difficult to realize
negative refraction. However, for $\de=2q\pi, \de=(2q+1)\pi$, or
$\de=(2q-0.5)\pi$, the negative permeability occurs at some range of
free procession frequency, which means that the refraction can
become negative under certain conditions. Further analysis reveals
that for general positive permittivity there are various
opportunities for realizing the negative refraction provided that
some requirements are met. One concludes also that the refractive
index for $\de=2q\pi$ case is similar to $\de=(2q+1)\pi$. The only
difference between two cases of $\de=2q\pi$ and $\de=(2q+1)\pi$ is
that the $x$-direction for $\de=2q\pi$ corresponds to the
$y$-direction for $\de=(2q+1)\pi$, and the $y$-direction for
$\de=2q\pi$ corresponds to the $x$-direction for $\de=(2q+1)\pi$.
The results are valuable for designing and analysing the complex
negative refraction of magnetic materials. 相似文献
10.
The intermittency effect has been studied for an interaction of 3.7 A GeV ^16O with emulsion using the distributions of both the pseudorapidity intervals and the azimuthal angle intervals of the shower particles emitted in a central rapidity region. The scaled factorial moments, reduced scaled factorial moments and multifractal moments as functions of the bin size in pseudorapidity and in azimuthal angle have been calculated and have revealed the presence of an intermittent behaviour which may be due to the random cascading property of the reaction. The anomalous fractal dimension has been found to increase with the increase of rank of the moment. 相似文献
11.
Guiding of 150 keV O6+ ions through nanocapillaries in an uncoated Al2O3 membrane: special time dependence of the transmission profile width 下载免费PDF全文
<正>This paper reports that the transmission of O6+ ions with energy of 150keV through capillaries in an uncoated Al2O3 membrane was measured,and agreements with previously reported results in general angular distribution of the transmitted ions and the transmission fractions as a function of the tilt angle well fitted to Gaussian-like functions were observed.Due to using an uncoated capillary membrane,ourψc is larger than that using a gold-coated one with a smaller value of(?),which suggests a larger equilibrium charge Q∞in our experiment.The observed special width variation with time and a larger width than that using a smaller(?) were qualitatively explained by using mean-field classical transport theory based on a classical-trajectory Monte Carlo simulation. 相似文献
12.
Finite-dimensional even and odd nonlinear pair coherent states and their some nonclassical properties 下载免费PDF全文
In this paper a new class of finite-dimensional even and odd nonlinear pair coherent states (EONLPCSs), which can be realized via operating the superposed evolution operators D±(τ) on the state |q, 0), is constructed, then their orthonormalized property, completeness relations and some nonclassical properties are discussed. It is shown that the finite-dimensional EONLPCSs possess normalization and completeness relations. Moreover, the finite-dimensional EONLPCSs exhibit remarkably different sub-Poissonian distributions and phase probability distributions for different values of parameters q, η and ξ. 相似文献
13.
Jing-Yu Zhao 《中国物理 B》2022,31(8):87104-087104
It is a great discovery in physics of the twentieth century that the elementary particles in nature are dictated by gauge forces, characterized by a nonintegrable phase factor that an elementary particle of charge $q$ acquires from $A$ to $B$ points: $P \exp \left( \text{i} \frac q {\hbar c}\int_A^B A_{\mu}\text{d} x^{\mu}\right),$ where $A_{\mu}$ is the gauge potential and $P$ stands for path ordering. In a many-body system of strongly correlated electrons, if the so-called Mott gap is opened up by interaction, the corresponding Hilbert space will be fundamentally changed. A novel nonintegrable phase factor known as phase-string will appear and replace the conventional Fermi statistics to dictate the low-lying physics. Protected by the Mott gap, which is clearly identified in the high-$T_{\rm c}$ cuprate with a magnitude $> 1.5$ eV, such a singular phase factor can enforce a fractionalization of the electrons, leading to a dual world of exotic elementary particles with a topological gauge structure. A non-Fermi-liquid "parent" state will emerge, in which the gapless Landau quasiparticle is only partially robust around the so-called Fermi arc regions, while the main dynamics are dominated by two types of gapped spinons. Antiferromagnetism, superconductivity, and a Fermi liquid with full Fermi surface can be regarded as the low-temperature instabilities of this new parent state. Both numerics and experiments provide direct evidence for such an emergent physics of the Mottness, which lies in the core of a high-$T_{\rm c}$ superconducting mechanism. 相似文献
14.
We have investigated, in the framework of proximity effect theory, the interface transparency
of superconducting/normal metal layered systems which consist of Nb and high paramagnetic Pd deposited by dc magnetron sputtering. The obtained
value is relatively high, as expected by theoretical arguments. This leads to a large value of the ratio
although Pd does not exhibit any magnetic ordering.Received: 12 December 2003, Published online: 20 April 2004PACS:
74.45. + c Proximity effects; Andreev effect; SN and SNS junctions - 74.78.Fk Multilayers, superlattices, heterostructuresS.L. Prischepa: Permanent address: State University of Computer Science and RadioElectronics, P. Brovka street 6, 220600, Minsk, Belarus 相似文献
15.
A study of Z-boson pair production in e + e- annihilation at center-of-mass energies between 190 GeV and 209 GeV is reported. Final states containing only leptons, (
and
), quark and lepton pairs, (
,
) and only hadrons (
) are considered. In all states with at least one Z boson decaying hadronically, lifetime, lepton and event-shape tags are used to separate
pairs from
final states. Limits on anomalous ZZ
and ZZZ couplings are derived from the measured cross sections and from event kinematics using an optimal observable method. Limits on low scale gravity with large extra dimensions are derived from the cross sections and their dependence on polar angle.Received: 14 July 2003, Published online: 18 December 2003 相似文献
16.
Field emission from single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) nonwoven has been
investigated under high vacuum with different vacuum gaps. A low turn-on
electric field of 1.05\,V/$\mu $m is required to reach an emission current
density of 10 $\mu $A/cm$^{2}$. An emission current density of 10
mA/cm$^{2}$ is obtained at an operating electric field of 1.88\,V/$\mu $m. No
current saturation is found even at an emission current of 5\,mA. With the
vacuum gap increasing from 1 to 10 mm, the turn-on field decreases
monotonically from 1.21 to 0.68\,V/$\mu $m, while the field amplification is
augmented. The good field-emission behaviour is ascribed to the combined
effects of the intrinsic field emission of SWNT and the waved topography of
the nonwoven. 相似文献
17.
本文考虑带有黑洞视界和宇宙视界的Kiselev时空.研究以黑洞视界和宇宙视界为边界的系统的热力学性质.统一地给出了两个系统的热力学第一定律;在黑洞视界半径远小于宇宙视界半径的情况下,近似地计算了通过宇宙视界和黑洞视界的热能.然后,探讨Kiselev时空的物质吸积特性.在吸积能量密度正比于背景能量密度的条件下给出黑洞的吸积率,讨论了黑洞吸积率与暗能量态方程参数的关系. 相似文献
18.
We report the angular distributions of grey and black particles produced in ^16O-AgBr interactions at 4.5 A GeV/c in nuclear emulsion. Intermittency and fractal behaviour are studied for emission spectra of target associated grey and black particles. Intermittent behaviour is observed for both grey and black particles. In both the cases, anomalous dimensions are seen to increase linearly with the order of moments, thereby indicating the association of multifractility with production mechanism of both grey and black particles. 相似文献
19.
Josephson vortices and intrinsic Josephson junctions in the layered iron-based superconductor Ca10(Pt3As8)((Fe0.9Pt0.1)2As2)5 下载免费PDF全文
Qiang-Tao Sui 《中国物理 B》2022,31(9):97403-097403
Modulated electronic state due to the layered crystal structures brings about moderate anisotropy of superconductivity in the iron-based superconductors and thus Abrikosov vortices are expected in the mixed state. However, based on the angular and temperature dependent transport measurements in iron-based superconductor Ca$_{10}$(Pt$_3$As$_8$)((Fe$_{0.9}$Pt$_{0.1}$)$_2$As$_2$)$_5$ with $T_{\rm c} \simeq 12$ K, we find clear evidences of a crossover from Abrikosov vortices to Josephson vortices at a crossover temperature $T^{\star} \simeq 7 $ K, when the applied magnetic field is parallel to the superconducting FeAs layers, i.e., the angle between the magnetic field and the FeAs layers $\theta = 0^\circ$. This crossover to Josephson vortices is demonstrated by an abnormal decrease (increase) of the critical current (flux-flow resistance) below $T^{\star}$, in contrast to the increase (decrease) of the critical current (flux-flow resistance) above $T^{\star}$ expected for Abrikosov vortices. Furthermore, when $\theta$ is larger than $0.5^\circ$, the flux-flow resistance and critical current have no anomalous behaviors across $T^{\star}$. These anomalous behaviors can be understood in terms of the distinct transition from the well-pinned Abrikosov vortices to the weakly-pinned Josephson vortices upon cooling, when the coherent length perpendicular to the FeAs layers $\xi_\bot$ becomes shorter than half of the interlayer distance $d/2$. These experimental findings indicate the existence of intrinsic Josephson junctions below $T^{\star}$ and thus quasi-two-dimensional superconductivity in Ca$_{10}$(Pt$_3$As$_8$)((Fe$_{0.9}$Pt$_{0.1}$)$_2$As$_2$)$_5$, similar to those in the cuprate superconductors. 相似文献
20.
Ho^3+ : GdVO4 is a new laser material suitable for high-power laser systems. In this paper we measure the absorption spectra of Ho^3+ in the sample Ho^3+: GdVO4. The intensity parameters are calculated by using the Judd-Ofelt theory. Some predicted spectroscopic parameters, such as the spontaneous radiative transition rate, branching ratio and integrated emission cross section are dealt with. And we also compare the optical parameters with those of other materials. From these results, it is found that there are many transitions which have large oscillator strengths and large integrated emission cross sections. Especially the transitions such as ^5 F4 → ^5 I 8, ^5 S2→^5 I8, ^5 F5 → ^5 I8 and ^5 I7 →^ 5 I8 are useful in solid-state lasers and other fields. Finally, we discuss the splitting of the energy levels of Ho^3+ in the crystal GdVO4 based on the group theory. 相似文献