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贵金属纳米颗粒由于其独特的光学及催化性能引起了人们的广泛关注,而这些性能与纳米颗粒的尺寸、形貌、结构组成等密切相关.目前如何有意识地控制晶体生长过程,以得到人们需要的纳米结构和组成,仍具有相当大的挑战性.文章重点介绍了利用具有特定形貌和晶面组成的金纳米棒(Au nanorods)作为种子,借助形成核/壳结构,诱导了Ag...  相似文献   
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Field emission from single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) nonwoven has been investigated under high vacuum with different vacuum gaps, A low turn-on electric field of 1.05 V/μm is required to reach an emission current density of 10μA/cm^2. An emission current density of 10 mA/cm^2 is obtained at an operating electric field of 1.88V/μm. No current saturation is found even at an emission current of 5 mA. With the vacuum gap increasing from 1 to 10 mm, the turn-on field decreases monotonically from 1.21 to 0.68 V/μm, while the field amplification is augmented. The good field-emission behaviour is ascribed to the combined effects of the intrinsic field emission of SWNT and the waved topography of the nonwoven.  相似文献   
3.
Arrays of noble metal nanoparticles show potential applications in (bio-)sensing, optical storage, surface-enhanced spectroscopy, and waveguides. For all such potential devices, controlling the size, morphology, and interparticle spacing of the nanoparticles is very important. Here, we combine seed-mediated growth with nanosphere lithography to study the controllable growth of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), in which the self-assembly monolayer of polystyrene (PS) on a silicon surface is used to guide the modification of allaunesilanes and the subsequent adsorption of gold seeds; seed-mediated growth is applied to controlling the morphology and size of Au NPs. The size of adsorption region (determining the number of adsorbed gold seeds) is controlled by etching PS microspheres with oxygen plasma or annealing PS microspheres at the glass transition temperature. The size and morphology of the Au NPs are controlled by changing growth conditions. In such a way, we have achieved the dual control of the obtained Au NPs. Preliminary results show that this strategy holds a great promise. This approach can also be extended to a wide range of materials and substrates.  相似文献   
4.
Zn2SnO4 (ZTO) nanowires with a unique dendritic nanostructure were synthesized via a simple one-step thermal evaporation and condensation process. The morphology and microstructure of the ZTO nanodendrite have been investigated by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). SEM observation revealed the formation of branched nanostructures and showed that each branch exhibited a unique periodic structure formed by a row of overlaid rhombohedra of ZTO nanocrystals along the axis of the nanobranch. HRTEM studies displayed that the branches grew homoepitaxially as single-crystalline nanowires from the ZTO nanowire backbone. A possible growth model of the branched ZTO nanowires is discussed. To successfully prepare branched structures would provide an opportunity for both fundamental research and practical applications, such as three-dimensional nanoelectronics, and opto-electronic nanodevices.  相似文献   
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利用光刻,反应离子刻蚀以及电化学阳极氧化技术在铝基底上构建出了微米纳米相结合的三维金属铝图案。首先在铝片的表面形成一层具有图案的二氧化硅阻碍层,阳极氧化过程中,在二氧化硅阻碍层之下会形成侧向生长的倾斜孔道和残留的金属铝微结构。形成机制可阐述为:由于表面二氧化硅阻碍层的存在造成局域电场方向的偏折,影响到反应过程中离子的输运,从而导致侧向倾斜孔的形成,而在远离阻碍层的区域孔道则会正常垂直表面向下生长。这种垂直与侧向阳极腐蚀的同时进行导致在二氧化硅阻碍层之下形成了金属铝微结构。  相似文献   
6.
催化重整是生产芳烃原料和高辛烷值清洁汽油调和组分的重要工艺。以目前应用广泛的铂锡工业重整催化剂金属含量为参比,用工业剂制备方法合成了Pt含量为0.6%的一系列铂锡重整催化剂,建立CO探针原位红外的表征方法,并对其进行系统表征,首次获得了1%以下低含量助剂Sn的CO探针红外谱图。研究结果表明,系列剂的金属Pt的CO吸附特征峰主要以线式吸附状态存在。0.6%纯Pt剂上1 826 cm-1处CO桥式吸附特征峰,因添加助剂Sn后,强度下降,而CO线式吸附特征峰的强度则增加,说明Sn的加入使得Pt的分散度增加。变温CO探针吸附原位红外研究表明,对负载质量分数0.3%的纯Sn催化剂,当脱附温度升高至120 ℃时,吸附在Sn上的CO特征峰会完全消失。对负载质量分数0.6%的纯Pt催化剂,当脱附温度升高至300℃时,吸附在Pt中心上的CO特征峰会完全消失。当Pt-Sn双金属负载质量分数Pt为0.6%、Sn为0.3%时,CO的脱附温度明显提高达350 ℃。与纯Pt剂相比,随着Sn助剂的加入,使得CO的脱附温度稍有提升,Pt-Sn催化剂Pt的CO特征峰向高波数方向移动,说明Sn的加入一定程度上减弱了活性金属Pt中心上的电荷密度。因而,CO探针原位红外是表征低金属铂锡工业重整催化剂的有效手段,为阐明多金属重整催化剂的助剂作用和研究反应机理提供重要信息。  相似文献   
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