偶氮氯膦-DBF吸光光度法测定药物中铋

在 0 .36mol·L- 1H2 SO4 0 .6 0mol·L- 1H3PO4 混合酸介质中 ,DBF 偶氮氯膦与铋形成蓝色配合物 ,最大吸收波长位于 6 38nm ,表观摩尔吸光系数为 9.4× 10 4 L·mol- 1·cm- 1,铋浓度在 0 30 μg/2 5ml范围内符合比耳定律。用直接光度法测定了果胶铋胶囊、陈香路白路片、枸橼酸铋钾颗粒等药物中铋 ,结果满意。     

2,6-二碘-4-硝基偶氮胂分光光度法测定微量铋

研究了显色剂 2 (2 胂酸基苯偶氮 ) 7 (2 ,6 二碘 4 硝基苯偶氮 ) 1,8 二羟基 3,6 萘二磺酸与铋的显色反应。在 0 .6mol LHClO4 介质中 ,试剂与铋生成的深色络合物 ,最大吸收波长 6 33nm ,摩尔吸光系数为1 2 0× 10 5L·mol- 1 ·cm- 1 ,灵敏度高 ,常见的金属离子允许量大 ,选择性好。Bi 0～ 0 .8mg L范围内符合比耳定律 ,以NaCl褪色试样空白为参比 ,分光光度法测定纯铜及铜合金中的微量铋 ,方法简便 ,结果可靠     

铋B-芦丁体系的微分吸附计时电位法研究

提出一种测定痕量铋的微分吸附计时电位法。利用悬汞电极作工作电极 ,置富集电位于 0 .10V ,在0 .0 15mol/LHAc 0 0 0 5mol/LNaAc 7.5× 10 -7mol/L芦丁的底液中 ,测定铋 的线性范围为 1.0× 10 -10 ～7 5× 10 -8mol/L ,检出限为 5× 10 -11mol/L。探讨了影响方法灵敏度的主要因素 ,研究了电极过程。利用此法测定了中草药样品中的铋含量 ,结果满意。     

辉光放电质谱法研究高纯氧化铋中19种元素的相对灵敏度因子

采用标准溶液加入法,往高纯氧化铋中加入混合标液,烘干并研磨均匀,制备了5个高纯氧化铋的控制样品。在挑取适量的粉末样品压在高纯铟薄片上,建立了辉光放电质谱法(GDMS)研究高纯氧化铋中的Mg、Al、Ca等19个元素相对灵敏度因子的方法。实验考察了放电参数和制样面积对基体信号强度和稳定性的影响,优化后的辉光放电电流为1.8 mA,放电电压为950 V,压在铟薄片上的高纯氧化铋直径约为6~8 mm。通过选择合适的同位素,在4000的中分辨率下测定即可消除质谱干扰。为了验证加标的准确性,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)对控制样品进行测定,所有元素的回收率都在80%以上。采用GDMS法测定5个控制样品并结合ICP-MS的测定值建立工作曲线,大部分元素的线性均达到0.995以上;除Al、Ga、Sb外,大部分元素的校准相对灵敏度因子(calRSF)和仪器自带的标准相对灵敏度因子(stdRSF)的比值都在1/2~2之间,说明GDMS的半定量分析不会有数量级的差别。但对于某些需要准确测定纯度的定量分析,则必须采用基体相匹配的RSF值进行校正。     

铋、氧化铋、硫化铋在醋酸-硫脲中的溶解性研究

通过研究铋(Ⅲ)与硫脲络合染色,测得络合物最大吸收峰位于460nm波长处,Bi(Ⅲ)含量在0.059～5.7μg/mL范围内符合比尔定律,回归方程Y=0.0117+0.17319 X;相关系数R=0.9999;相对标准偏差RSD为2.66%;检出限为0.013μg/mL;摩尔吸光系数为3.72×104 L.mol-1.cm-1。实验结果表明,铋、氧化铋和硫化铋在醋酸-硫脲中的溶解度分别是0.077、1.347、1.245μg/mL。经比较发现铋、氧化铋和硫化铋在醋酸-硫脲中的溶解性大小是:氧化铋>硫化铋>铋。铋、氧化铋和硫化铋的回收率分别是97.4%、98.1%、96.6%。     

EDTA络合滴定法测定易熔合金中高含量铋

易熔合金化学成分主要由锡、铅、铋三元素组成 ,熔点低 ,是一种新型优质焊料。EBiPb30 2 0易熔合金中含铋为 5 0 % ,铅为 30 % ,锡为 2 0 %。国家标准方法中 ,硫脲光度法、碘化钾光度法只能测定低含量的铋 (<1.0 0 % ) ,高含量铋 (>1.0 0 % )的测定未见报道。本法根据络合滴定原理 ,测定了易熔合金中的铋 ,样品分析结果及加标回收率结果均很好。1　试验部分1.1　主要试剂铋标准溶液 :0 .0 2g·ml- 1,称取金属铋(99.99% ) 2 .0 0 0 0g置于 2 5 0ml烧杯中 ,加硝酸 (1+1) 6 0ml,加热溶解 ,煮沸驱除氮的氧化物后 ,冷却 ,移入 10 0ml容量瓶中 …     

微量铋的示波极谱测定

本文介绍了测定岩石和土壤中微量铋的一种简单、快速和灵敏的示波极谱分析法.在氢氧化钠介质中,铋与PAR生成电活性络合物.由于配位体的催化作用,峰电位在-0.68伏处(对饱和甘汞电极)铋有一灵敏的络合物吸附波.最适宜的支持电解质为0.8N氢氧化钠-0.5％甘露醇-2×10~(-5)M PAR。铋的测定范围为2.5×10~(-8)M-5×10~(-6)M。研究了干扰情况。     

二溴硝基偶氮胂催化动力学光度法测定铋

研究了痕量铋对高碘酸钾氧化二溴硝基偶氮胂的催化作用 ,发现其在硫酸介质中具有高灵敏的反应 ,检出限为 2 .4× 10 - 9g·ml- 1,线性范围为 0～ 0 .7μg/2 5ml。可用于测定水中铋     

铋离子修饰碳糊电极的研制与应用

报道了一种以碘化铋与诺氟沙星形成的缔合物为电活性物质的修饰碳糊电极。电极对离子的线性响应范围为4．0×10-6～1．0×10-2mol·L-1,级差电位为20 mV／pc,检出限为2．5×10-6mol·L-1。测定了枸橼酸铋钾胶囊中铋的含量,测定结果与药典法的结果相符。     

辉光放电质谱（GDMS）法校正高纯氧化铋中19种元素的相对灵敏度因子

采用标准溶液加入法往高纯氧化铋中加入混合标准溶液,烘干并研磨均匀,制备了5个高纯氧化铋的控制样品。再挑取适量的粉末样品压在高纯铟薄片上,建立了辉光放电质谱(GDMS)法校正高纯氧化铋中的Mg、Al、Ca等19种元素相对灵敏度因子的方法。实验考察了放电参数和制样面积对基体信号强度和稳定性的影响,优化后的辉光放电电流为1.8mA,放电电压为950V,压在铟薄片上的高纯氧化铋直径约为6～8mm。通过选择合适的同位素,在4000的中分辨率下测定即可消除质谱干扰。为了验证加标回收的准确性,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法对控制样品进行测定,所有元素的加标回收率都在80%以上。采用GDMS法测定5个控制样品并结合ICP-MS法的测定值建立工作曲线,大部分元素的线性均达到0.995以上;除Al、Ga、Sb外,大部分元素的校准相对灵敏度因子(calRSF)和仪器自带的标准相对灵敏度因子(stdRSF)的比值都在1/2～2之间,说明GDMS的半定量分析不会有数量级的差别。但对于某些需要准确测定纯度的定量分析,则必须采用基体相匹配的RSF值进行校正。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。