甲醇钠催化的α—羟基异丁酰胺与甲酸甲酯的交换反应

确定了以甲醇钠为催化剂的α－羟基异丁酰胺与甲酸甲酯交换反应生成α－羟基异丁酸甲酯的最佳操作条件，α－羟基异丁酸甲酯的产率可达８２．２％，选择性可达９９．３％。     

（Z）—3—丁烯基—4,5—二羟基苯酞的合成

（Ｚ）－３－丁烯基苯酞和它的衍生物广泛地存在于微形科植物，如当归、川芎等，这些植物有些是重要的中药材。（Ｚ）－３－丁烯基－４，５－二羟基苯酞是（Ｚ）－３－丁烯基苯酞的类似物；它对前列腺素Ｆ２α具有抑制作用。本文以３，４－二甲氧基苯甲醇（２）或价廉易得的胡椒醇（６）为起始原料，分别经四步反应顺利地合成了（Ｚ）－３－丁烯基－４，５羟基苯酞（１）。和一步是本方法的关键，即利用杂原子诱导的区域选择性的芳环     

2—芳甲酰氨基硫羰基—3—异噻唑酮及4—氰基—5—甲硫基—2—芳甲…

通过３－羟基异噻唑和４－氰基－５－甲硫基－３－羟基异噻唑（５）分别与芳酰基异硫氰酰酯（３）反应,合成标题化合物２－芳甲酰氨基硫羟基－３－异噻唑酮和４－氰基－５－甲硫基－２－芳甲酰氨基硫羟基－３－异噻唑酮,对此反应及产物的结构特点进行了探讨。     

2E—不饱和酰胺的立体选择合成法

以二（苯腈）－二氯化钯为催化剂，在固液相转移条件下，通过芳卤与Ｎ，Ｎ－二乙基丙烯酰胺发生偶联反应，生成了Ｅ式α，β－不饱和酰胺，碘代芳烃的偶联产率较高，从而建立了简便的２Ｅ－不饱和酰胺立体选择合成法。     

在La-TiO2催化剂上由苯酚直接氧化制取邻苯二酚的研究

以Ｌａ－ＴｉＯ２作为苯酚选择氧化催化剂,用过氧化氢氧化,得到邻苯二酚选择性高达９０％的良好结果,讨论了溶剂,反应温度,反应时间,过氧化氢浓度,催化剂用量,过氧化氢用量等工艺条件对苯酚羟基化作用的影响。     

4‘—甲氧基—2’,7—二羟基黄烷酮的合成

２－羟基－４－甲氧基甲氰基苯乙酮与２－甲氧基甲基－４－甲氧基苯甲醚经缩合，环化，除保护基等反应合成了４’－甲氧基－２’，７－二羟基黄烷酮。     

钌系双组分催化剂上α,ω—二元羧酸单酯加氢合成ω—羟基羧酸酯的研究

在小型高压反应釜中，研究了钌系双组分催化剂对α，ω－二元羧酸单酯加氢生成ω－羟基羧酸酯的催化性能，结果表明，Ｒｕ－Ｒｅ及Ｒｕ－Ｍｏ双组分催化具有良好的催 氢性能，α，ω十五一酸单甲酯在Ｒｕ－Ｒｅ以及Ｒｕ－Ｍｏ双组分催化剂另氢，生成ω－羟基十五烷酸甲酯的收率分别为８９．０％和７１．０％，反应温度对α，ω二元羧酸单酯加氢生成ω－羟基羧酸酯的收率有较大的影响。     

超细固体酸TiO2—SO4^2—催化α—蒎烯异构反应研究

通过Ｔｉ（ＳＯ４）２与Ｈ２Ｏ２反应生成的配合物沉淀来制备超细ＴｉＯ２－ＳＯ４＾２－固体酸催化剂，考察了催化剂焙烧过程的热分解性质，确定了催化剂的焙烧温度。用ＸＲＤ及ＴＥＭ测定了催化剂的晶形及颗粒大小，并研究了催化剂对α－蒎烯异构反应的产物分布，主要异构产物为莰烯。α－蒎烯转化率为９１％，莰烯选择率为６７％。     

八羟基喹啉铁（Ⅱ）／MCM—41对苯酚羟化的催化作用

利用ＭＣＭ－４１中孔分子筛为载体，制备了我载型八羟基喹啉铁／ＭＣＭ－４１催化剂。ＸＲＤ，ＩＲ证明八羟基喹吉林 铁配合物成功地负载于ＭＣＭ－４１分子筛中。考察了八羟基喹啉铁／ＭＣＭ－４１对苯酚羟化反应的催化作用，和未负载的配合物相比，苯酚的转化率，对苯二酚的选择以及Ｈ２Ｏ２的利用率都有显著的提高。     

2E－不饱和酰胺的立体选择合成法

以二（苯腈）－二氯化钯为催化剂，在固液相转移条件下，通过芳卤与Ｎ，Ｎ－二乙基丙烯酰胺发生偶联反应，生成了Ｅ式α，β－不饱和酰胺。碘代芳烃的偶联产率较高，从而建立了简便的２Ｅ－不饱和酰胺立体选择合成法。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.