化学键分散剂在PZN－PZT浆料中的分散和性研究

利用异丙醇钛与长羧酸合成了一种化学键分散剂,采用沉降实验及FT－IR技术研究了该分散剂在PZN－PZT浆料中的分散性能,结果表明,该分散剂在PZN－PZT浆料是具有良好的分散性,浆料体系达到稳定状态时所需的分散剂量对应分散剂在颗粒表面上呈单分子层成键状态,分散剂分子与颗粒表面上的羟基发生化学反应,导致二者之间呈较强的化学键结合状态,从而有力地改善了PZN－PZT浆料中的分散性、均匀性。     

化学键分散剂在PZN－PZT浆料中的分散和性研究

利用异丙醇钛与长羧酸合成了一种化学键分散剂,采用沉降实验及FT－IR技术研究了该分散剂在PZN－PZT浆料中的分散性能,结果表明,该分散剂在PZN－PZT浆料是具有良好的分散性,浆料体系达到稳定状态时所需的分散剂量对应分散剂在颗粒表面上呈单分子层成键状态,分散剂分子与颗粒表面上的羟基发生化学反应,导致二者之间呈较强的化学键结合状态,从而有力地改善了PZN－PZT浆料中的分散性、均匀性。     

TMAH对TiN纳米粉体分散行为的影响

采用四甲基氢氧化铵(TMAH)作为分散剂,利用沉降法、ξ电位、粒度分析、TEM等研究了TiN纳米粉体在水介质中的分散稳定机制,探讨了pH值和分散剂对纳米颗粒分散行为的影响。结果表明：TiN纳米粉体的分散行为遵循静电稳定机制,pH值对TiN纳米粉体的分散性和稳定性有较大影响,在pH=8处TiN纳米粉体有较好的分散效果。有机阳离子型分散剂TMAH能在TiN纳米颗粒表面形成特征吸附,并通过静电作用和空间位阻作用提高TiN纳米颗粒的分散性。在pH=8、TMAH加入量为0.75wt%的条件下,TiN纳米粉体获得无团聚的最佳分散状态,悬浮液稳定时间可达1个月。     

丙烯酸类共聚物对Al2O3表面及沉积物分形特性的影响

通过测定丙烯酸-丙烯酸酯共聚物在Al₂O₃粉体上的等温吸附曲线及悬浮液的ζ电位,研究了共聚物对粉体表面特性的影响.结果表明,共聚物的加入可使Al₂O₃的等电点向低pH方向移动,并可显著改善浆料的稳定性.FTIR研究表明,吸附的共聚物通过羧基与粉体表面的铝离子发生相互作用.通过对沉积物表面SEM照片的灰度分析发现,其表面形貌具有分形特征.对形貌分维值D_f的测定表明,D_f的大小与分散剂对Al₂O₃的稳定效果有一定关系.     

纳米3Y-TZP水悬浮液性质研究

采用2-膦酸丁烷-1,2,4-三羧酸(PBTCA)为分散剂,制备了稳定的纳米3Y-TZP(氧化钇稳定氧化锆)粉体悬浮液.运用ζ电位及流变学等方法表征了分散剂对浆料性质的影响.采用静电排斥稳定理论对颗粒间的相互作用进行模拟,所得结果与实验吻合得很好.讨论了该分散剂对悬浮液的稳定机理.     

化学键分散剂在PZN-PZT浆料中的分散性研究

利用异丙醇钛与长链羧酸合成了一种化学键分散剂,采用沉降实验及FT-IR技术研究了该分散剂在PZN-PZT浆料中的分散性能.结果表明,该分散剂在PZN-PZT浆料中具有良好的分散性,浆料体系达到稳定状态时所需的分散剂量对应分散剂在颗粒表面上呈单分子层成键状态,分散剂分子与颗粒表面上的羟基发生化学反应,导致二者之间呈较强的化学键结合状态,从而有力地改善了PZN-PZT浆料中的分散性、均匀性.     

微米碳化硅晶须在水介质中的分散行为

以去离子水为分散介质,六偏磷酸钠(SHP)和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)为分散剂,利用沉降法、ζ电位、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、TEM等测试技术研究了微米碳化硅晶须在水介质中的分散稳定机制,探讨了pH值、分散剂种类及含量对SiC微米晶须分散行为的影响机制。结果表明:微米SiC晶须的分散机理为静电稳定机制,pH值、SHP和CMC对微米SiC晶须的分散性和稳定性有较大影响;pH值为11时,微米SiC晶须的分散性和稳定性较好;SHP和CMC含量均为4wt%时,SiC微米晶须悬浮液具有良好的分散性能,分别在沉降时间18.5 h和22 h时相对沉降高度仍达96.89%和98%。六偏磷酸钠的分散机制主要以提高颗粒间的静电斥力为主,而羧甲基纤维素钠则为增大晶须表面的亲水性和提高晶须表面的电位绝对值。     

纳米抗静电织物整理剂的制备和应用

研究了涤纶用抗静电剂－纳米锑掺杂二氧化锡（ATO）在整理剂中的稳定分散技术，探讨了分散剂的类型，添加量，pH值以及球磨工艺对分散的影响。用分散剂BN，粒子呈单分散状态，直径为20nm，可基本解决ATO在水相团聚现象，当分散剂KH560用量为ATO粉体质量的1％，pH值为9左右，球磨40h时，ATO的分散效果最好。用该抗静电整理剂处理涤纶织物，织的表面电阻从未处理的＞10^12Ω的数量级降低到＜10^10Ω的数量级，洗涤50次，抗静电效果基本不变。     

附载CeO2的纳米γ-Al2O3合成及其悬浮液的分散稳定研究

以异丙醇铝和六水硝酸亚铈为铈源和铝源,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了前驱体,并将前驱体在800℃下空气中焙烧2 h得到附载CeO2的高纯纳米γ-Al2O3.样品经X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、比表面积(BET)、化学成分和杂质含量分析,结果表明:合成的粉末为由γ-Al2O3和CeO2组成的混合物相,两者均属立方晶系,其中γ-Al2O3空间群为O7H-FD3M,CeO2空间群为Fm3m;晶粒平均粒径为15.7 nm,颗粒平均粒径约60～80 nm,粒子呈类球形,比表面积为159.01 m2·g-1;粒子纯度不低于99.97%,CeO2含量为24.22%.红外光谱(IR)测试结果显示,有Al-O-Ce键生成,表明CeO2与Al2O3并非简单混合.进一步通过对其悬浮液体系Zeta电位和吸光度的测定,研究了不同pH值条件、分散剂种类和用量以及氧化剂对其悬浮液分散稳定性的影响;采用超声波分散法,选择硝酸、氢氧化钾溶液作为pH调节剂,异丙醇胺作为分散剂,过氧化氢作为氧化剂,成功制备了长期存放不沉降的附载CeO2的纳米γ-Al2O3CMP浆料,确定了配制的优化工艺条件.     

SiO_2-CeO_2复合氧化物对硅片的抛光性能评价

用合成的S iO2-CeO2复合氧化物对单晶硅片进行抛光,测定其抛光速率与制备条件及浆料配制条件之间的关系。结果表明:经800℃煅烧后制得的硅铈摩尔比nS iO2∶nCeO2为2∶1的复合氧化物对硅片具有最大的抛蚀速率。与此同时,选用三乙醇胺和六偏磷酸钠分别作为浆料的pH调节剂和分散剂可以获得理想的浆料分散性和悬浮稳定性。确定了抛光浆料的最佳pH值和固含量分别为11和4%。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。