发光二极管在几个电磁学实验中的应用

采用发光二极管对电磁感应现象、自感现象、互感现象和电磁振荡等演示实验进行了改进,明显地提高了实验效果．     

对乒乓球“反常”运动的一种简明解释

文献[1]详细地描述了一个有趣的现象——乒乓球的"反常"运动,并作出了详尽的理论解释.其实,此现象的描述和解释都可大大简化如下.现象:车厢中绳系一氢气球(图1).当车厢向右加速运动时,气球并不如"通常想象"地向后,即向左,而是"反常"地向右运动.     

LED在自感现象演示实验中的应用

利用发光二极管对自感现象演示实验进行了改进,明显地提高了实验效果,加深了对自感现象的认识。     

分仓颗粒布居分聚现象的通量模型

置于以窗口连接的分隔仓中振动驱动的颗粒气体会出现颗粒在两仓中布居分聚现象,被形象地称为麦克斯韦妖现象.通量模型的建立是理解麦克斯韦妖现象的关键问题.Eggers以颗粒气体动力学为基础得出了简化的理论模型.该模型可以很好地得到分仓中颗粒的布居分聚现象,然而似乎无法用于预测两种颗粒在分仓体系中的布居振荡现象.通过实验研究,测量了颗粒气体的流通量曲线,改进了Eggers模型.改进的模型可以很好地得到两种颗粒在分仓体系中的布居振荡现象. 关键词： 颗粒气体 耗散 通量模型     

气体放电等离子体中的三稳现象及其唯象理论

本文简述氩气放电等离子体中三稳现象的实验结果。并用突变理论唯象地解释了其中出现的突变和滞后效应。对势阱中物理状态的分析,直观地给出了这些现象的物理图象。     

单轴晶体中负折射现象的演示

用惠更斯作图法定性地说明了单轴晶体中负折射现象产生的基本原理,演示了YVO4晶体中发生的负折射现象.该实验有助于学生全面认识折射现象.     

“半波损失”的实验研究

利用光的干涉现象,通过在半平玻板上涂敷光密介质获得了有错移的明暗相间的干涉条纹,直观地展示了"半波损失"现象.然后推导出干涉图样分布方程,并结合实验数据计算出不同介质表面反射时产生的额外光程差,从而定量地分析了"半波损失"现象.同时基于导出的干涉图样分布方程对实验结果进行了计算机模拟,从另一个角度说明了"半波损失"现象.     

考虑停靠站影响的公交运输系统模型

受停靠站影响,公共交通系统运行过程中容易产生集簇现象.本文细致地考虑了公交停靠站长度和停靠站在线路上的分布情况,构建了一个新的公交运输系统元胞自动机模型.数值模拟结果表明,在引入停靠站长度和停靠站分布两种因素后,模型在微观层面上更清晰地刻画了车辆在公交线路上的时空分布,再现了公交运行中的集簇现象,定量地评价了停靠站分布对车辆平均速度的影响.本研究对进一步认识集簇现象的形成机理和优化停靠站设计具有指导意义.     

用弹性双轨演示曲线运动中的超重与失重——第五届全国自制教具评选获奖作品之三

1 实验目的 超重、失重现象较为常见,也很重要.虽然学生对超重、失重现象有所了解,但仍缺乏感性认识.为了让学生从电梯、过山车现象中的感觉上升到直接"看到"超重、失重现象,抓住这个稍纵即逝的现象,我们设计了弹性双轨,以此更加直观地观察超重、失重现象.     

蔡氏非线性电路的深入研究——参数测量和实验现象观察的新方法

精确测量了电路中各个元件的参数,为各种混沌现象的定量分析和数值模拟提供了可能;提出了一种新的测量非线性负阻方法,能精确而快捷地测量非线性负阻完整的,I-U曲线;利用这种测量方法的实验电路,可以直接演示电路出现各种混沌现象时非线性负阻对应的工作区段,展示了非线性负阻在蔡氏电路产生混沌过程中所起的决定性作用,有利于学生更好地理解混沌现象产生的机理.     

纠缠Ξ-型三能级原子与纠缠腔场相互作用熵的纠缠演化

文章利用一对处于纠缠态的-型三能级原子与一对处于纠缠态的单模腔场，初始时刻原子与腔场之间互不纠缠，使其中一个原子与一个腔场发生相互作用，即纠缠交换，合适选择相互作用时间就可实现原子与腔场之间产生纠缠，并研究了系统原子熵的演化特性，运用量子熵理论，讨论了原子-腔场的耦合常数对原子熵的影响，结果表明：原子与光场跃迁耦合常数对系统熵的最大纠缠度有影响.当原子与光场两种跃迁耦合常数之比k值增大时，最大纠缠度在减小；当k增大到某一程度时，系统熵随时间周期性变化，并出现双峰现象。     

Control of Spontaneous Emission from a Microwave Field Coupled Five-Level M-type Atom in Photonic Crystals

We investigate the spontaneous emission spectrum of a five-level M-type atom driven by a microwave field, in which one lower level is coupled by the same modified reservoir to two upper levels. The results show that a few interesting phenomena in spontaneous emission spectra, such as spectral-line shift, spectral-line enhancement and spectral-line suppression, which can be controlled by adjusting the proper parameters of the system. These phenomena can originate from quantum interference of the strong coupling system.     

Ising nanowires with simple core–shell structure; Their characteristic phenomena

The phase diagrams and magnetizations of Ising nanowires with simple core–shell structure are investigated by the use of the effective field theory with correlations. A lot of characteristic behaviors observed in ferromagnetic and ferrimagnetic materials as well as novel phenomena have been obtained, although one section of the system is consisted of one spin-1/2 surface shell atom and one spin-1/2 core atom and they are coupled with a positive or a negative shell–core exchange interaction.     

双模SU（1,1）相干态场与级联三能级原子相互作用的动力学

讨论了关联双模ＳＵ（１，１）相干态场与级联三能级原子的相互作用对原子动力学行为的影响，也研究了双模场的量广场的量子统计性质随时间的演化。通过数值计算，发现了一些新的演化规律。     

Photorefractive saturable absorptive and dispersive optical bistability

It is shown that photorefractive wave-mixing gives saturable gain, saturable absorption and Kerr-like nonlinear phase retardation. An analogy between photorefractive two-beam coupling and two-level atom system is then drawn. We investigate optical bistability in a ring cavity, utilizing these phenomena, and compare our results with classical absorptive and dispersive optical bistability.     

一维准周期晶格的性质及应用

准周期晶格在冷原子领域被广泛研究,它使得人们可以在一维或者二维系统里研究扩展到安德森局域的转变. 2008年, Inguscio研究组在冷原子系统里制备了一维准周期晶格,并观测到了安德森局域化现象,这极大地推动了准周期系统的理论和实验研究.后来, Bloch研究组在制备的一维和二维准周期晶格中都观测到了多体局域的现象.最近,他们还在准周期晶格中成功观测到迁移率边以及存在迁移率边的系统的多体局域现象.这些冷原子实验推动了多体局域以及迁移率边等方向的研究.准周期晶格已经成为一个平台,它对很多物理现象的影响正在被广泛研究,并可以尝试在冷原子实验中观测到这种影响.本文结合作者的一些相关工作,对一维准周期晶格一些近期的研究进行了简要综述,介绍了一些相关的重要的冷原子实验,讨论了准周期晶格的一些重要性质,以及它对一些物理现象(比如拓扑态)的影响.     

Controlled optical properties of a five-level atom embedded in photonic crystals with defect modes

The optical spectra of a five-level atom embedded in a photonic crystal are studied by considering the double-band photonic band gap reservoir with defect modes in the band gap. It is shown that some interesting phenomena such as absorption, transparency, normal or anomalous dispersion, and large amplification of a weak probe field can be observed by modulating system parameters.     

Entanglement of a three-level trapped atom in the presence of another three-level trapped atom

A new version of two multi-level trapped atoms interacting with laser fields is under consideration. This system is based on a three-level trapped atom interacting with laser fields in the presence of another three-level trapped atom taking into account the time-dependent atom-field couplings and phase shift. The entanglement due to the concurrence is calculated and its time evolution phenomena is demonstrated within the framework of the presented theory. Our results establish an explicit relationship between the concurrence and the entanglement through the two three-level atoms and the fields interaction. We show that different nonclassical effects arise in the dynamics of the atomic population inversion, due to the initial states of the system as well as the values of the Lamb-Dicke parameter.     

Entanglement in a Tripartite Cavity-Optomechanical System

We propose a scheme to prepare entangled-states in the tripartite optomechanical-system consisting of a two-level atom in a high-finesse optical cavity with a oscillating mirror at one end. In particular, a Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger like state can be generated. It is shown that the spontaneous emission rate γ of the atom, mean photon-number n and the coupling strength k play an important role in entanglement generation. Moreover the interesting phenomena of entanglement sudden-death (ESD) and sudden-birth (ESB) can be displayed in the system considered.     

Bloch Oscillations of Two-Component Bose-Einstein Condensates in Optical Lattices

We study the Bloch oscillations of two-component Bose-Einstein condensates trapped in spin-dependent optical lattices. The influence of the intercomponent atom interaction on the system is discussed in detail Accelerated breakdown of the Bloch oscillations and revival phenomena are found respectively for the repulsive and attractive case. For both the cases, the system will finally be set in a quantum self-trapping state due to dynamical instability.