胶束薄层扫描法测定黄连及其制剂中的小檗碱、巴马汀和药根碱

以2％CPC-醋酸乙酯(9：1)胶束溶液为展开剂,在聚酰胺薄膜上成功地分离了小檗碱、巴马汀和药根碱。以345nm为测定波长,550nm为参比波长进行扫描测定,建立了一种新的同时测定黄连及其制剂中小檗碱、巴马汀和药根碱的胶束薄层扫描法。小檗碱、巴马汀和药根碱的线性范围分别为0．2—2．4、0．1—1．0和0．1—1．0μg;回收率分别为97．7％-99．4％、101．7％～102．6％和96．7％-97．8％;相对标准偏差分别为1．4％-1．7％、1．9％-2．7％和1．8％-2．2％。     

流动注射异步注入-离子选择性电极法同时测定萝卜中的钾、钙、钠和氯

建立了同时快速、准确测定萝卜中K~+、Ca~(2+)、Na~+和Cl~-的流动注射异步注入-离子选择性电极法。最佳试验条件为:系统流量为2.43mL·min~(-1);总离子强度调节缓冲液(TISAB)由80 mmol·L~(-1)Tris-硼酸(PH 6.00)、0.05 mmol·L~(-1)Na~+、0.5 mmol·L~(-1)K~+、0.01 mmol·L~(-1)Ca~(2+)和0.57mmol·L~(-1)Cl~-组成;反应盘管长度为50 cm;采样体积为220μL;混合标准溶液的pH为6.00。K~+、Ca~(2+)、Na~+和Cl~-的线性范围分别为10~70,0.5~7.0,10~36,21~119 mmol·L~(-1),检出限(3s/k)分别为5.0,0.2,5.0,10 mmol·L~(-1)。加标回收率在92.8%~110%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=11)小于2.0%。     

痕量氟罗沙星和司帕沙星的荧光薄层色谱法测定

建立了硅胶G板上分离氟罗沙星(FLX)和司帕沙星(SPLX)并同时测定其在体液中含量的方法 ;用0.27mol·L -1、pH=7的EDTA溶液修饰硅胶G板 ,避免了试样与金属离子的络合作用 ;使用乙醇 -乙酸乙酯 -1,2_二氯乙烷 -10 %(φ)氨水(体积比4∶3∶2∶1)为展开剂 ,FLX和SPLX的Rf值分别为0.40和0.59 ;板上的荧光斑点 ,使用CS_9000双波长薄层色谱扫描仪以285nm为激发波长扫描 ,同板标准工作曲线法定量 ;线性范围分别为0.5～85ng(FLX)和0.5～100ng(SPLX) ,回收率为96 %～102 % ,相对标准偏差≤5.2 % ;该法用于血样与尿样测定 ,具有操作简单 ,灵敏、准确的特点     

低压离子分离-化学发光在线检测过渡金属离子

 研究了低压离子 (LPIC)分离 柱后鲁米诺化学发光 (CL)检测方法 ,并分离测定了Cu2 + ,Co2 + ,Cr3 + ,Fe2 + ,Mn2 + 等 5种过渡金属离子。以草酸 柠檬酸混合溶液作为洗脱液 ,Luminol H2 O2 Mn + 作为化学发光检测体系 ,对过渡金属离子进行在线检测。测定的线性范围分别为 (mg·L-1) :Co2 + ,0 0 0 1～ 0 .1;Cu2 + ,0 1～ 6 ;Mn2 + ,0 0 6～ 4 ;Fe2 + ,0 0 3～ 5 ;Cr3 + ,0 0 2 5～ 1。检测限分别为 (μg·L-1) :Co2 + ,0 85 ;Cu2 + ,85 ;Mn2 + ,4 2 ;Fe2 + ,2 1;Cr3 + ,2 0。     

微分电位溶出法连续测定饮料中的铜铅镉锌

建立了微分电位溶出法连续测定饮料中痕量铜、铅、镉、锌的新方法。在HAc- Na Ac( p H4 .5)～ 3.5× 1 0 -2 mol·L-1KCl～ 2 .6× 1 0 -5 mol· L-1Hg2 +介质中测定锌 ,然后调节底液为 0 .0 1 mol·L-1HCl,连续测定铜、铅、镉。铜、铅、镉、锌 ,检出限分别为 4 ,0 .1 ,2 ,4 μg· L-1,线性测定范围 Zn2 +:0～ 30 0 μg·L-1,Cu2 +、Pb2 +、Cd2 +:0～ 2 2 0μg· L-1,回收率为 83.4 %～ 1 0 3.3% ,RSD<3.4 % ( n=7)。该法较好解决了金属互化物的影响 ,样品不需消化便可直接测定。     

基于十六烷基三甲基溴化铵存在下铅、银离子的高灵敏度电化学测定

报道了在适量十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 (CTMAB)存在下 ,高灵敏度测定水体中铅、银离子的化学修饰碳糊电极。在pH 2 .5 0 .1mol LKNO3溶液中 ,铅、银离子在钠型蒙脱石修饰碳糊电极上通过离子交换而富集 ,同时被还原。在阳极扫描过程中 ,分别在 - 0 .5 2V和 0 .2 3V(vs.SCE)处出现灵敏的溶出峰。详细研究了测定水样中铅、银离子的条件 ,如介质的pH、CTMAB用量、修饰剂用量、富集电位和时间等。该修饰电极连续测定铅、银离子的线性范围为 5 .0× 10 - 9mol L～ 1.0× 10 - 7mol L(Pb2 + )和 8.0× 10 - 9mol L～ 1.0× 10 - 7mol L(Ag+ ) ,富集 4min后检出限分别为 1.0× 10 - 1 0 mol L(Pb2 + )和 3.0× 10 - 1 0 (Ag+ )。     

胶束扫集-电动色谱分离-毛细管电泳法测定升麻中三种有机酸含量

采用电场增强胶束扫集-电动色谱-毛细管电泳法对升麻中异阿魏酸、阿魏酸和咖啡酸的含量进行了测定,电泳缓冲体系为90 mmol·L~(-1)SDS-20 mmol·L~(-1)NaH_2PO_4(pH 2.20)-甲醇(10+90),分离电压为20 kV,检测波长214 nm。在优化的试验条件下,胶束扫集-电动色谱法对异阿魏酸、阿魏酸和咖啡酸富集倍数为4.3,4.8,2.9,3种有机酸均在14 min内出峰,线性范围分别为0.50～20.0,0.50～20.0,1.0～40.0 mg·L~(-1)。应用此方法分析了升麻样品并进行了回收率和精密度试验,测得回收率在93.2%～113.3%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)小于6%。     

新型药物辅料2-羟丙基-β-环糊精的色谱分离纯化

利用薄层色谱方法对碱浓度为1.5%、β-环糊精∶环氧丙烷(摩尔比)=1∶21的条件下生成的2-羟丙基-β-环糊精进行了定性分析,并通过对展开剂的选择和优化,得到了3种能有效分离不同取代度2-羟丙基-β-环糊精的展开剂体系,分别为正丙醇-水-浓氨水(6∶3∶1,V/V),异丙醇-水-浓氨水(6∶4∶0.5,V/V)和乙醇-水-浓氨水(6∶3∶0.8,V/V)。通过以乙醇体系为洗脱剂的硅胶柱色谱对其进行分离纯化,得到了两种不同取代的2-羟丙基-β-环糊精。经过ESI-MS谱图分析,确定分离后产品分别为单取代和双取代2-羟丙基-β-环糊精。     

聚合物整体柱毛细管微萃取-电感耦合等离子体质谱分析生物样品中的痕量重金属离子

制备了聚(丙烯酰胺-乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯)(Poly(AA-EGDMA))整体柱,采用红外(IR)光谱、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其结构和形貌进行了表征。基于此,建立了Poly(AA-EGDMA)整体柱毛细管微萃取(CME)-等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)联用检测生物样品中痕量重金属离子的分析方法。对影响CME的诸多条件,如样品溶液的pH值、上样体积、上样流速、解吸剂浓度及体积、解吸剂流速以及共存离子的干扰等进行了详细的考察。在优化的实验条件下,方法对Cd2+和Pb2+的检出限分别为4ng·L-1和36ng·L-1,相对标准偏差(c=0.2μg·L-1,n=7)分别为4.7%和3.9%。该整体柱对Cd2+和Pb2+的吸附容量分别为46.7μg·m-1和130μg·m-1。将所建立的方法用于尿样中痕量重金属离子Cd2+、Pb2+的测定,加标回收率分别为99%和100%。     

湿法消解-原子吸收光谱法测定啤酒中痕量铅和锌

研究了用湿法消解啤酒样品、石墨炉原子吸收光谱(GFAAS)及火焰原子吸收光谱(FAAS)法分别测定啤酒中的痕量Pb2+和Zn2+。对仪器的工作参数进行了优化,探讨了混合酸消解体系、消解液用量,消解温度等因素的影响。结果表明,在200℃温度下,HNO3+HClO4(16+4)混酸能完全消解样品。Pb2+、Zn2+分别在0～80μg/L、0～1.50μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(线性相关系数r分别为0.9995和0.9997),其检出限分别为0.2μg/L、8.0μg/L。测定Pb2+、Zn2+的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为1.8%和0.92%,加标回收率分别为96.5%和99.8%。该方法检出限低,精密度和准确度高,适用于啤酒样品中痕量铅、锌含量的测定。检测的9种啤酒样品中铅、锌含量范围分别为11.34～47.15μg/L、277～422μg/L,低于食品中的限量值。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.