Determination of event start time at BESⅢ

The principle of the method for the BESⅢ event start time determination and the code construction are described. The investigation of influence of the noise, the method of rejecting noise and the performance checking by the Monte Carlo physics data sample are also presented. The preliminary results got from the Monte Carlo simulation are presented, the reconstruction efficiency of J/ψ→ anything events at noise level 0~60% can achieve above 99%, and the error rate is below 1%.     

Chaotic time series prediction using fuzzy sigmoid kernel-based support vector machines

Support vector machines (SVM) have been widely used in chaotic time series predictions in recent years. In order to enhance the prediction efficiency of this method and implement it in hardware, the sigmoid kernel in SVM is drawn in a more natural way by using the fuzzy logic method proposed in this paper. This method provides easy hardware implementation and straightforward interpretability. Experiments on two typical chaotic time series predictions have been carried out and the obtained results show that the average CPU time can be reduced significantly at the cost of a small decrease in prediction accuracy, which is favourable for the hardware implementation for chaotic time series prediction.     

Alignment and efficiency-monitoring method of high-power fiber-to-fiber coupling

High-power fiber-to-fiber coupling is extensively used in fiber laser applications,and its performance is determined by coupling efficiency.We demonstrate a novel method for alignment and monitoring efficiency by detecting backscattering power at the fiber end cap.The relationship between alignment error and backscattering power is determined by simulations and experiments.Through this method,a state-of-the-art kW-level fiberto-fiber optic switch is developed(transmission efficiency>97%).It performs well for longer than 60 min.To the best of our knowledge,it is the first time to establish the mathematical model based on this method.Our results can provide guidance in high-power fiber-to-fiber coupling.     

B-Spline with Symplectic Algorithm Method for Solution of Time-Dependent Schrodinger Equations

A B-spline with the symplectic algorithm method for the solution of time-dependent Schrodinger equations （TDSEs） is introduced. The spatial part of the wavefunction is expanded by B-spline and the time evolution is given in a symplectic scheme. This method allows us to obtain a highly accurate and stable solution of TDSEs. The effectiveness and efficiency of this method is demonstrated by the high-order harmonic spectra of one-dimensional atoms in comparison with other references.     

BESIII barrel time-of-flight （TOF） calibration using cosmic ray data

The principle of the method for the BESIII TOF calibration using cosmic ray data without magnetic field are reported in this paper. After applying calibration constants, the single-end readout time resolution could reach about 150 ps, and the time resolution for one layer is achieved to be about 110 ps. The paper also described the extraction scheme for the event start time of cosmic events.     

BESⅢ barrel time-of-flight (TOF) calibration using cosmic ray data

The principle of the method for the BESⅢ TOF calibration using cosmic ray data without magnetic field are reported in this paper. After applying calibration constants, the single-end readout time resolution could reach about 150 ps, and the time resolution for one layer is achieved to be about 110 ps. The paper also described the extraction scheme for the event start time of cosmic events.     

Systematic impact of spent nuclear fuel on θ13 sensitivity at reactor neutrino experiment

Reactor neutrino oscillation experiments, such as Daya Bay, Double Chooz and RENO are designed to determine the neutrino mixing angle θ13 with a sensitivity of 0.01--0.03 in sin^2 2θ13 at 90% confidence level, an improvement over the current limit by more than one order of magnitude. The control of systematic uncertainties is critical to achieving the sin^22θ13 sensitivity goal of these experiments. Antineutrinos emitted from spent nuclear fuel （SNF） would distort the soft part of energy spectrum and may introduce a non-negligible systematic uncertainty. In this article, a detailed calculation of SNF neutrinos is performed taking account of the operation＂ of a typical reactor and the event rate in the detector is obtained. A further estimation shows that the event rate contribution of SNF neutrinos is less than 0.2% relative to the reactor neutrino signals. A global X2 analysis shows that this uncertainty will degrade the θ13 sensitivity at a negligible level.     

On temporal evolution of precipitation probability of the Yangtze River delta in the last 50 years

The monthly precipitation observational data of the Yangtze River delta are transformed into the temporal evolution of precipitation probability (PP), and its hierarchically distributive characters have been revealed in this paper. Research results show that precipitation of the Yangtze River delta displays the interannual and interdecadal characters and the periods are all significant at a confidence level of more than 0.05. The interdecadal is an important time scale, because it is on the one hand a disturbance of long period changes, and on the other hand it is also the background for interannual change. The interdecadal and 3－7y oscillations have different motion laws in the data-based mechanism self-memory model (DAMSM). Meanwhile, this paper also provides a new train of thought for dynamic modelling. Because this method only involves a certain length of data series, it can be used in many fields, such as meteorology, hydrology, seismology, and economy etc, and thus has a bright perspective in practical applications.     

Application of radial basis functions to evolution equations arising in image segmentation

In this paper, radial basis functions are used to obtain the solution of evolution equations which appear in variational level set method based image segmentation. In this method, radial basis functions are used to interpolate the implicit level set function of the evolution equation with a high level of accuracy and smoothness. Then, the original initial value problem is discretized into an interpolation problem. Accordingly, the evolution equation is converted into a set of coupled ordinary differential equations, and a smooth evolution can be retained. Compared with finite difference scheme based level set approaches, the complex and costly re-initialization procedure is unnecessary. Numerical examples are also given to show the efficiency of the method.     

Numerical simulation of the soliton solutions for a complex modified Korteweg—de Vries equation by a finite difference method

In this paper,a Crank-Nicolson-type finite difference method is proposed for computing the soliton solutions of a complex modifed Korteweg de Vries(MKdV)equation(which is equivalent to the Sasa-Satsuma equation)with the vanishing boundary condition.It is proved that such a numerical scheme has the second order accuracy both in space and time,and conserves the mass in the discrete level.Meanwhile,the resuling scheme is shown to be unconditionally stable via the von Nuemann analysis.In addition,an iterative method and the Thomas algorithm are used together to enhance the computational efficiency.In numerical experiments,this method is used to simulate the single-soliton propagation and two-soliton collisions in the complex MKdV equation.The numerical accuracy,mass conservation and linear stability are tested to assess the scheme's performance.     

Pseudospectral method with symplectic algorithm for the solution of time-dependent SchrSdinger equations

A pseudospectral method with symplectic algorithm for the solution of time-dependent Schrodinger equations （TDSE） is introduced. The spatial part of the wavefunction is discretized into sparse grid by pseudospectral method and the time evolution is given in symplectic scheme. This method allows us to obtain a highly accurate and stable solution of TDSE. The effectiveness and efficiency of this method is demonstrated by the high-order harmonic spectra of one-dimensional atom in strong laser field as compared with previously published work. The influence of the additional static electric field is also investigated.     

Routh method of reduction for Birkhoffian systems in the event space

For a Birkhoffian system in the event space, this paper presents the Routh method of reduction. The parametric equations of the Birkhoffian system in the event space are established, and the definition of cyclic coordinates for the system is given and the corresponding cyclic integral is obtained. Through the cyclic integral, the order of the system can be reduced. The Routh functions for the Birkhoffian system in the event space are constructed, and the Routh method of reduction is successfully generalized to the Birkhoffian system in the event space. The results show that if the system has a cyclic integral, then the parametric equations of the system can be reduced at least by two degrees and the form of the equations holds. An example is given to illustrate the application of the results.     

Propagation of Cylindrical Waves in Media of Time-Dependent Permittivity

We present the propagation of cylindrical waves in the media whose permittivity varies with time abruptly or continuously. By the method of variable separation, we derive the general expression of electric field of TM-polarized waves in two-dimensional space with excitation of any point at any time. With this expression,the solution for a spatially and temporally distributed source can be obtained theoretically. The focusing of reflected waves in the cross section is shown when the media undergoes a sudden or continuous change. The wave propagation in time-invariant media can be considered as a special case of the media under exponential variance.     

Signal-background discrimination with convolutional neural networks in the Panda X-Ⅲ experiment using MC simulation

The Panda X-Ⅲ experiment will search for neutrinoless double beta decay of136 Xe with high pressure gaseous time projection chambers at the China Jin-Ping underground Laboratory. The tracking feature of gaseous detectors helps suppress the background level, resulting in the improvement of the detection sensitivity. We study a method based on the convolutional neural networks to discriminate double beta decay signals against the background from high energy gammas generated by214 Bi and208 Tl decays based on detailed Monte Carlo simulation. Using the 2-dimensional projections of recorded tracks on two planes, the method successfully suppresses the background level by a factor larger than 100 with a high signal efficiency. An improvement of 62%on the efficiency ratio of ?_s/(?_b)～1/2 is achieved in comparison with the baseline in the Panda X-Ⅲ conceptual design report.     

A two-stage spectrum sensing scheme based on energy detection and a novel multitaper method

Wideband spectrum sensing has drawn much attention in recent years since it provides more opportunities to the secondary users. However, wideband spectrum sensing requires a long time and a complex mechanism at the sensing terminal.A two-stage wideband spectrum sensing scheme is considered to proceed spectrum sensing with low time consumption and high performance to tackle this predicament. In this scheme, a novel multitaper spectrum sensing(MSS) method is proposed to mitigate the poor performance of energy detection(ED) in the low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) region. The closed-form expression of the decision threshold is derived based on the Neyman–Pearson criterion and the probability of detection in the Rayleigh fading channel is analyzed. An optimization problem is formulated to maximize the probability of detection of the proposed two-stage scheme and the average sensing time of the two-stage scheme is analyzed. Numerical results validate the efficiency of MSS and show that the two-stage spectrum sensing scheme enjoys higher performance in the low SNR region and lower time cost in the high SNR region than the single-stage scheme.     

Improving FRET efficiency measurement in confocal microscopy imaging

Spectral bleedthrough (SBT) ratio is dependent on the level of fluorescence intensity in confocal imaging. Precision Frster resonance energy transfer (FRET) algorithm corrects SBT ratio according to fluorescence intensity and avoids over-or under-estimation of SBT ratio. In this letter, we propose a new method to accurately measure the FRET efficiency of FRET plasmid in single living cells by combining the calculation of SBT in precision FRET algorithm with E-FRET formulae. We also use this method to measure the FRET efficiency of FRET-Bid, and find that in healthy A549 cells it is about 15%, which is verified by FRET acceptor photobleaching method.     

A Proof of Factorization Theorem of Drell–Yan Process at Operator Level

An alternative proof of factorization theorem for Drell–Yan process that works at operator level is presented in this paper. Contributions of interactions after the hard collision for such inclusive processes are proved to be canceled at operator level according to the unitarity of time evolution operator. After this cancellation, there are no longer leading pinch singular surface in Glauber region in the time evolution of electromagnetic currents. Effects of soft gluons are absorbed into Wilson lines of scalar-polarized gluons. Cancelation of soft gluons is attribute to unitarity of time evolution operator and such Wilson lines.     

Optimization of Neutrino Oscillation Parameters Using Differential Evolution

We show how the traditional grid based method for finding neutrino oscillation parameters m2 and tan 2θ can be combined with an optimization technique,Differential Evolution(DE),to get a significant decrease in computer processing time required to obtain minimal chi-square(χ2) in four different regions of the parameter space.We demonstrate efficiency for the two-neutrinos case.For this,the χ2 function for neutrino oscillations is evaluated for grids with different density of points in standard allowed regions of the parameter space of m2 and tan 2θ using experimental and theoretical total event rates of chlorine(Homestake),Gallex+GNO,SAGE,Superkamiokande,and SNO detectors.We find that using DE in combination with the grid based method with small density of points can produce the results comparable with the one obtained using high density grid,in much lesser computation time.     

Investigating Transmission Efficiency of Light Guide by Monte Carlo Simulation

A large area neutron detector to detect the energy of about 1 GeV neutron by time-of flight method will be installed at RIBLL II of CSR. To obtain good energy resolution, the time resolution of the detector is a crucial parameter. For this purpose, the transmission efficiency of the light guide to transport the photons from detec-tor unit to light sensitive detector has been investigated by Monte-Carlo simulation. Here, the simulations were done mainly with two types of the light guides, namely type A and type B as shown in Figs.1 and 2 respectively.     

High performance photodetectors based on high quality InP nanowires

In this paper,small diameter InP nanowires with high crystal quality were synthesized through a chemical vapor deposition method.Benefitting from the high crystallinity and large specific surface area of InP nanowires,the simply constructed photodetector demonstrates a high responsivity of up to 1170 A·W ~(-1) and an external quantum efficiency of2.8 × 10~5% with a fast rise time of 110 ms and a fall time of 130 ms,even at low bias of 0.1 V.The effect of back-gate voltage on photoresponse of the device was systematically investigated,confirming that the photocurrent dominates over thermionic and tunneling currents in the whole operation.A mechanism based on energy band theory at the junction between metal and semiconductor was proposed to explain the back-gate voltage dependent performance of the photodetectors.These convincing results indicate that fine InP nanowires will have a brilliant future in smart optoelectronics.