基于差分反射高光谱成像的薄层TMDC材料检测技术研究

二维过渡金属硫化物(TMDC)材料因为独特的激子效应和材料学性质，在太阳电池、光催化、传感器、柔性电子器件等领域得到广泛的应用。层数对其性质有显著的调控作用，自动检测识别所需层数的样品是其从实验室走进半导体制造工业的重要技术需求。本文结合反射高光谱成像技术与图像处理算法，发展了一种二维TMDC薄层样品的显微成像自动检测技术。基于自主搭建的反射高光谱成像系统，对制备的不同层数TMDC标准样品进行了光学对比度的系统研究，阐明了层数的差分反射光谱机理，提出了可靠的层数判定方法。基于传统边缘检测技术优化设计了一套图像处理算法，实现了TMDC样品的图像检测及层数鉴定。本文方法具有普遍性、实用性，结合自动对焦的扫描控制，能够实现大规模的自动化样品检测，这也为其他表面目标的显微识别和检测提供了新的灵感和参考。     

Rational Design of an Ultrasensitive and Highly Selective Chemodosimeter by a Dual Quenching Mechanism for Cysteine Based on a Facile Michael‐Transcyclization Cascade Reaction

Differentiation of biologically important thiols, such as cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH) is still a challenging task. Herein, we present a novel fluorescent chemodosimeter capable of selectively detecting Cys over other biothiols including Hcy and GSH and other amino acids by a facile thiol‐Michael addition/transcyclization rearrangement cascade click process. The unique transcyclization step is critical for the selectivity as a result of the kinetically favorable formation of a six‐membered ring with the Cys Michael adduct. Moreover, the probe adopts a distinctive dual quenching mechanism—photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) to deliver a drastic turn‐on fluorescence response only at the Cys‐selective transcylization step. The judicious selection of strong electron‐withdrawing naphthalimide fluorophore with maleimide group enhances the electrophilicity and thus reactivity for the cascade process leading to fast detection and ultrasensitivity with a detection limit of 2.0 nm (S/N=3). The probe has demonstrated its practical utility potential in Cys imaging in live cells.     

高平均功率固体激光功率和光束质量关系研究进展

 固体激光的一个重大发展方向和目标是实现“三高”(高平均功率、高光束质量和高效率)激光同时输出,结合相关研究工作和进展,着重论述了固体激光输出功率和光束质量的关系,给出了功率升高、光束质量非线性下降是当前“三高”固体激光研究的一个基本科学技术问题。围绕这一基本问题,评述了一些重要技术途径和手段,并探讨了实现高平均功率高光束质量固体激光输出的可能有效途径。     

Biosurfactant trehalose lipid‐enhanced ultrasound‐assisted micellar extraction and determination of the main antioxidant compounds from functional plant tea

Hydrosoluble trehalose lipid (a biosurfactant) was employed for the first time as a green extraction solution to extract the main antioxidant compounds (geniposidic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and rutin) from functional plant tea (Eucommia ulmoides leaves). Single‐factor tests and response surface methodology were employed to optimize the extraction conditions for ultrasound‐assisted micellar extraction combined with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography in succession. A Box‐Behnken design (three‐level, three‐factorial) was used to determine the effects of extraction solvent concentration (1–5 mg/mL), extraction solvent volume (5–15 mL), and extraction time (20–40 min) at a uniform ultrasonic power and temperature. In consequence, the best analyte extraction yields could be attained when the trehalose lipid solution concentration was prepared at 3 mg/mL, the trehalose lipid solution volume was 10 mL and the extraction time was set to 35 min. In addition, the recoveries of the antioxidants from Eucommia ulmoides leaves analyzed by this analytical method ranged from 98.2 to 102%. These results indicated that biosurfactant‐enhanced ultrasound‐assisted micellar extraction coupled with a simple ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography method could be effectively applied in the extraction and analysis of antioxidants from Eucommia ulmoides leaf samples.     

离子色谱法测定合成气制烯烃产物中的C_1~C_6有机酸

采用离子色谱建立了合成气制烯烃(SGTO)水相产物和油相产物中C1~C6有机酸的测定方法。对分离条件进行了优化,使用标准样品测定了线性范围和工作曲线,考察了方法的精密度和准确度,确定了SGTO油相产物样品的碱洗条件,并对SGTO水相产物和油相产物样品进行了测定。结果表明:C1~C6有机酸的质量浓度在各自配制的质量浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.99。标准溶液的回收率测定表明回收率在95.6%~104.3%之间,5次重复测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.4%~3.6%之间,表明该方法具有良好的准确性和精密度。SGTO油相产物中的加标回收率在91.1%~96.8%之间,5次重复测定的RSD为0.7%~2.3%,准确性可以满足实际分析的需要。实际SGTO水相产物和油相产物中C1~C6有机酸的分析结果表明,SGTO水相产物中C2~C4有机酸含量较高,而SGTO油相产物中C4~C6有机酸含量较高。本研究对SGTO反应研究、催化剂制备、工艺优化以及设备材料的选择具有重要意义。     

Development of core–shell structure Fe3O4@Ta2O5 microspheres for selective enrichment of phosphopeptides for mass spectrometry analysis

Protein phosphorylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications. Due to the dynamic nature and low stoichiometry of the protein phosphorylation, enrichment of phosphopeptides from proteolytic mixtures is often necessary prior to their characterization by mass spectrometry. Many metal oxides such as titanium dioxide and zirconium dioxide have been successfully applied to isolation and enrichment of phosphopeptides. Recently, niobium pentoxide was proved to have the ability for selective enrichment of phosphopeptides. Considering the proximity of tantalum to niobium, we supposed that Ta₂O₅ can be used as affinity probes for phosphopeptide enrichment. In the work, we synthesized Fe₃O₄@Ta₂O₅ magnetic microspheres with core–shell structure for selective enrichment of phosphopeptides. To demonstrate its ability for selective enrichment of phosphopeptides, we applied Fe₃O₄@Ta₂O₅ magnetic microspheres to isolation and enrichment of the phosphopeptides from tryptic digestion of standard proteins and real samples, and then the enriched peptides were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry analysis (MALDI-MS) or liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC–ESI-MS). Experiment results demonstrate that Ta₂O₅ coated-magnetic microspheres show the excellent potential for selective enrichment of phosphopeptides.