用于GPPD谱仪的大面积闪烁体中子探测器性能测试

中国散裂中子源（Chinese Spallation Neutron Source，CSNS）的建成为中子散射技术的发展和应用奠定了基础。通用粉末衍射谱仪（general purpose powder diffractometer，GPPD）是CSNS一期建设的三条谱仪之一。研制了用于GPPD的大面积闪烁体探测器阵列，在CSNS的BL20中子束线上开展了探测器关键性能参数的实验测试。测试结果显示，对波长为1.4 Å和2.8 Å的中子，其探测效率分别为（38.5±1.7）%和（56.1±1.1）%，模拟与实验相结合，给出对2 Å的中子，其探测效率约为（46.1±2.0）%，有效面积内的探测效率不均匀度约为19.6%，经优化后可以降低到14.9%；探测器位置分辨可以达到4.0 mm×4.0 mm，最高计数率约79 kHz。探测器单元的整体性能指标能满足GPPD的物理需求。     

THGEM探测器X光斑寻迹和位置分辨实验研究

介绍了一种基于THGEM的X射线光斑寻迹探测器，用于X射线单光子计量技术研究和测量，探测器有效面积200 mm×200 mm，采用128路基于ASIC和FPGA的高速读出电子学，探测器分为中间高分辨区和外围低分辨区两部分，两部分共用一套读出电子学。实验在中国计量科学研究院利用X光机产生的束线，测试光斑位置、光斑精细分布以及探测器的位置分辨。实验结果表明，探测器实现了同时对光斑寻迹和光斑的精细测量，探测器中间高分辨区x方向的位置分辨率为0.63 mm（FWHM），y方向位置分辨率为0.62mm（FWHM），探测器各项性能指标均达到了预期目标。This paper introduces the detector of X-ray spot tracing based on the THGEM. It is used for X ray single photon measurement technology research and measurement with an effective area of 200 mm×200 mm. The circuit board has 128 array of high speed readout electronics based on ASIC and FPGA. And it is divided into two parts:the middle area of high sensitive and the peripheral area of low sensitive. The two parts share a set of readout electronics. The experiment tests the position and the fine structure of the beam line produced by X ray machine in National Institute of Metrology. The results of the experimental show that the detector realizes both the spot tracing and the fine structure of the spot. The position resolution is 0.63 mm in x direction and 0.62 mm in y direction in high sensitive of the detector, which achieve the desired goal of preliminary design.     

用于中子位置灵敏探测器的SiPM性能研究

为满足中国散裂中子源(China Spallation Neutron Source,CSNS)工程材料衍射谱仪的探测器需求,CSNS探测器组设计并研制了基于硅光电倍增管(Silicon Photomultiplier,SiPM)读出的闪烁体探测器。本工作针对该探测器,选取了Sensl MicroFJ-30035-TSV和Hamamatsu S13363-3050NE-16两种型号的SiPM,开展了其击穿电压、增益、温度特性、暗计数率等关键性能的测试。测试结果显示,两者单光子分辨能力,增益、暗计数率等性能均可满足当前闪烁体探测器需求,相同过偏压下,前者增益高于后者,且Hamamatsu SiPM增益对温度更敏感。测试了两SiPM的温度补偿系数分别为22.0 mV/℃(Sens1)和53.6 mV/℃(Hamamatsu),为后续SiPM温度补偿电路设计奠定了基础。利用研制的探测器工程样机,在CSNS BL09下测试了两种SiPM读出的探测器对2.8 ?中子探测效率分别为76%和68%,为目标探测器及同类型探测器的SiPM选型提供了参考。     

Experimental studies of THGEM in different Ar/CO_2 mixtures

In this paper, the performance of a type of domestic THGEM (THick Gaseous Electron Multiplier) working in Ar/CO₂ mixtures is reported in detail. This kind of single THGEM can provide a gain range from 100 to 1000, which is very suitable for application in neutron detection. In order to study its basic characteristics as a reference for the development of a THGEM based neutron detector, the counting rate plateau, the energy resolution and the gain of the THGEM have been measured in different Ar/CO₂ mixtures with a variety of electrical fields. For the Ar/CO₂(90%/10%) gas mixture, a wide counting rate plateau is achieved from 720 V to 770 V, with a plateau slope of 2.4%/100 V, and an excellent energy resolution of about 22% is obtained at the 5.9 keV full energy peak of the ⁵⁵Fe X-ray source.     

用于位置灵敏型中子探测器的6LiF/ZnS（Ag）闪烁体性能研究

研究了掺杂6LiF的ZnS(Ag)闪烁体对中子、γ射线的发光特性和EJ426闪烁体样品的热中子探测效率、出射光产额和γ灵敏度。EJ426的热中子探测效率为32.4%,出射光产额为8.01×103光子/中子,70 mV阈值时的γ灵敏度小于10-7,表明EJ426是较理想的闪烁体型位置灵敏中子探测器材料。     

高纯锗探测器的广泛应用和自主研制进展

以目前国际上极为活跃开展的暗物质探测、无中微子双 衰变研究为例,评述了高纯锗探测器的重要性及其广泛的应用前景。介绍了己开展的高纯锗单晶、探测器制备的关键技术研究进展:合作单位已研制出了用于高纯锗单晶材料制备的区熔炉、单晶炉;并制备出直径为20  50 cm、纯度为12N(< 41011  atoms/cm3)、位错< 5000 atoms/cm2 的锗单晶;掌握了高纯锗探测器(平面型、同轴型)制备的关键技术,用进口高纯锗单晶材料制备出的同轴型高纯锗探测器对射线的能量分辨率及探测效率均达到进口产品指标,使用自制的12N 高纯锗单晶材料己制备出平面型高纯锗探测器。呼吁加速高纯锗研制的自主创新步伐,尽早实现其国产化目标。The article reviews importance and wide applications of HPGe detector, especially the application on the dark matter search experiment and double beta decay experiment. The research progress on the Highpurity germanium single crystal and HPGe detector in China has been introduced. The cooperation partner developed new type zone-refining furnace and single crystal furnace. The ultra-purity germanium single crystal with 20~50 cm, purity up to 12N(net impurity concentration is less than 41011 atoms/cm3), and dislocation less than 5 000 /cm3 was prepared. The key technologies for preparing planar and coaxial HPGe detector were mastered. The coaxial detector, which has been made of imported ultra-purity germanium single crystal has excellent energy resolution and efficiency as the imported commercial detector. The planar detector using selfmade germanium single crystal was also successfully manufactured. The research group appeals for speeding up the pace of independent innovation on the high-purity germanium, and achieving the high-purity germanium localization as soon as possible.     

塑料闪烁体的辐照特性

利用⁶⁰Co放射源分别对3种塑料闪烁体(BC-408, EJ-200, BC-404)进行辐照损伤研究, 比较辐照前后的透射谱、发射谱及光产额的变化, 发现3种闪烁体在低剂量具有较好的抗辐照性能; 当照射剂量超过1.44×10⁴Gy时,透射谱明显变坏, 光输出减少很严重, 但发射谱却保持不变.     

BESIII barrel time-of-flight （TOF） calibration using cosmic ray data

The principle of the method for the BESIII TOF calibration using cosmic ray data without magnetic field are reported in this paper. After applying calibration constants, the single-end readout time resolution could reach about 150 ps, and the time resolution for one layer is achieved to be about 110 ps. The paper also described the extraction scheme for the event start time of cosmic events.     

束流实验中不同尺寸塑料闪烁体的时间特性

北京谱仪(BESⅢ)中的飞行时间探测器将采用长2.3m宽6cm的长条形塑料闪烁体. 利用北京高能物理研究所的实验束流对铝膜包装的不同厚度闪烁体的本征时间分辨进行了研究,给出了4cm, 5cm和6cm闪烁体的时间分辨, 而且用蒙特卡罗模拟做了比较, 结果表明5cm厚的闪烁体具有最佳性能.