臭氧氧化法制备超细AgO粉末及其抗菌性能研究

针对现有方法制备AgO粉末存在粒径大、含量低、对设备要求高、制备过程产生污染环境的废液等问题, 以无污染的臭氧为氧化剂, 通过化学氧化法制备超细AgO粉末. 研究了反应温度、初始pH值、臭氧通入时间等因素对AgO含量的影响. 利用XRD, XPS, SEM, 烧瓶振荡法对制备产物进行表征. 结果表明, 当反应温度为45 ℃、初始pH值为14、臭氧通入时间为5 h时, 制得形状为板状, 厚度约为100 nm, AgO含量为83.56%的超细粉末|粉末中只含有Ag, O两种元素, Ag主要以单斜AgO和少量的立方Ag₂O形式存在|AgO具有强的抗菌能力, 1 mg•L^－1AgO含量为83.56%的粉末与金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌接触作用30 min, 其杀菌率均超过99.9%, 且同样条件下5 min内AgO的杀菌效率是Ag₂O的7倍.     

硅藻土负载AgO复合材料的制备及热分解非等温动力学

采用化学氧化沉淀法, 以过硫酸钾为氧化剂制备了硅藻土负载过氧化银(AgO)复合材料, 并使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和激光粒度仪对其进行了表征, 借助热重(TG)分析研究了复合材料的热分解过程和非等温热分解动力学. 结果表明, 制备的复合材料为正方晶系方英石和单斜晶系AgO混合体, 且AgO质量分数为12.7%; 复合材料的中位径为18.53 μm, 比表面积为203.32 m²/kg, 颗粒的粒度分布在0.614~116.5 μm之间. 复合材料中AgO在171 ℃开始分解成Ag₂O, 在更高温度时Ag₂O进一步分解成Ag; 热分解反应服从以核生成和核成长为控制步骤的A1机理, 其热分解表观活化能为131.37 kJ/mol, 反应频率因子为3.19×10¹³ s^-1. 同自制的AgO粉末相比, 复合材料中AgO的热分解温度升高, 表观活化能上升约40 kJ/mol.     

AgO修饰硅藻土基多孔陶瓷复合材料的制备及热分解非等温动力学

采用化学氧化法,以过硫酸钾为氧化剂制备了AgO修饰硅藻土基多孔陶瓷复合材料,用XRD、XPS、压汞仪对制备的复合材料进行表征,借助热重法和线性升温理论对复合材料的热分解过程和热分解动力学进行研究。结果表明,AgO修饰硅藻土基多孔陶瓷复合材料具有晶体结构,主要由正方晶系方石英和单斜晶系AgO组成;复合材料平均孔直径为3.862 μm,中值孔直径为0.354 μm,表观密度为1.794 g·mL^-1,孔隙率为57.985%;复合材料中AgO的分解分两步,在158 ℃开始分解成Ag₂O,更高温度时进一步分解成Ag;AgO分解服从核生成和核成长机理,其表观活化能为136.94 kJ·mol^-1,反应频率因子为2.48×10¹⁴ s^-1。同参比AgO粉末相比,复合材料中AgO的热稳定性提高。     

α-磷酸锆的制备及热分解非等温动力学研究

采用改进的直接沉淀氟配位法,在常温常压下制备出了α-磷酸锆(α-ZrP),XRD结果表明它的层间距为0.765 nm,结晶度较好,并以热重分析法(TG)为手段,对α-ZrP的热分解过程和非等温热分解动力学机理进行了研究。结果显示,在线性升温速率为10℃/min时,α-ZrP在131℃开始脱结晶水;脱去结晶水后形成的Zr(HPO₄)₂在453℃进行磷羟基缩合,至720℃完全分解为ZrP₂O₇。脱结晶水和分解过程的失重分别为6.24%和5.64%,与理论值基本相符。动力学研究确定了Zr(HPO₄)₂分解反应属于Avrami-Erofeev的成核和核成长为控制步骤的Al机理,热分解反应表观活化能为165.6 kJ/mol, 频率因子为3.50×10⁷ s^-1。     

纳米Ag/CNTs复合材料的制备、表征及对环三亚甲基三硝胺热分解的影响

采用银镜法和水热法制备了两种纳米Ag/CNTs(碳纳米管)复合材料, 利用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜及能量散射光谱仪(SEM-EDS)对复合物的物相、组成、形貌和结构进行分析表征, 并运用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了纳米Ag/CNTs 复合材料对环三亚甲基三硝胺(RDX)热分解特性的影响. 结果表明: 纳米Ag 以10-80 nm的不规则球形“粘附”于纳米CNTs 表面,分散较均匀, 水热法制得的复合物表面纳米Ag较大、且负载的Ag粒子较多; 纳米Ag/CNTs 复合材料的加入改变了RDX的热分解过程, 使原有占主导的液相分解变为二次的气相反应加剧, RDX主分解峰形发生了明显的改变; 纳米Ag/CNTs 复合材料对RDX热分解的催化主要表现为分解温度的降低.     

纳米Cu(OH)2分解温度对CuO粒度的影响

以CuSO4.5H2O和NaOH为原料,采用沉淀法制备得到Cu(OH)2纤维,再进行Cu(OH)2的分解反应.考察了在不同实验条件下温度对Cu(OH)2热分解过程的影响.结果表明:在反应温度20℃,反应终点pH值为12,搅拌速度为1 200 r.min-1,NaOH溶液的滴加速度为50 mL.min-1的反应条件下,得到的样品为纳米Cu(OH)2纤维,其直径为10~30 nm、长度为1~6μm;在固相纳米Cu(OH)2热分解制备CuO过程中CuO粒径随温度的升高而增大,在温度不超过200℃时CuO的粒径约为20 nm左右;在液相中先沉淀后升温时,产物的形貌为球形,CuO粒径随温度的升高而增大,低于80℃可得到纳米级的CuO.     

超细核壳铜-银双金属粉末的抗氧化性能研究

本文采用液相化学还原法分别制备了粒径均为50 nm和 1 μm的超细铜粉末，采用置换反应法制备得到了与原铜粉粒径和形貌大致相同的核壳铜-银双金属粉末，用热重仪和XRD衍射仪分别测定了铜－银双金属粉末的热重曲线和XRD图谱，研究了粉末的抗氧化性能。并用透射电子显微镜和X射线荧光光谱仪对粉末的形貌和组成进行了测定。     

α-磷酸锆的制备及热分解非等温动力学研究

采用改进的直接沉淀氟配位法,在常温常压下制备出了α－磷酸锆（α－ＺｒＰ）,ＸＲＤ结果表明它的层间距为０．７６５ｎｍ,结晶度较好,并以热重分析法（ＴＧ）为手段,对α－ＺｒＰ的热分解过程和非等温热分解动力学机理进行了研究。结果显示,在线性升温速率为１０℃／ｍｉｎ时,α－ＺｒＰ在１３１℃开始脱结晶水;脱去结晶水后形成的Ｚｒ（ＨＰＯ４）２在４５３℃进行磷羟基缩合,至７２０℃完全分解为ＺｒＰ２Ｏ７。脱结晶水和分解过程的失重分别为６．２４％和５．６４％,与理论值基本相符。动力学研究确定了Ｚｒ（ＨＰＯ４）２分解反应属于Ａｖｒａｍｉ－Ｅｒｏｆｅｅｖ的成核和核成长为控制步骤的Ａｌ机理,热分解反应表观活化能为１６５．６ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ,频率因子为３．５０×１０７ｓ－１。     

Mg(OH)2热分解反应的非等温动力学研究

用非等温动力学方法对氢氧化镁的热分解动力学进行了研究. 分解反应机理符合晶核形成及生长机理A，且随着升温速率的升高，机理由A2转变为A1.5. 根据Kissinger非机理方程计算和数值回归方法验证所得的分解反应活化能结果相互印证，约为148 kJ•mol^-1. 进一步研究发现，水蒸气的存在对氢氧化镁热分解反应具有非常明显的影响，可能是其动力学机理随升温速率升高而改变的主要影响因素.     

介孔SiO_2包覆Ag/ZIF-8核壳型催化材料的合成

通过液相自组装制备了Ag/ZIF-8;进一步以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为结构导向剂,在疏水Ag/ZIF-8颗粒表面包覆一层介孔二氧化硅(MS)壳,合成了具有核壳结构的Ag/ZIF-8@MS催化剂,并对其进行了结构和性能表征.结果表明,Ag/ZIF-8@MS具有均一的颗粒尺寸(Ag/ZIF-8@MS粒径约为100 nm,Ag粒径约为15 nm)、较高的比表面积(539 m~2/g)及较大的孔体积(0.64 m~3/g);透射电子显微镜表征结果表明,介孔二氧化硅表层厚度约为20 nm.于550℃煅烧后,催化剂结构转变成Ag/Zn O@MS核壳结构.以催化对硝基苯酚生成对氨基苯酚为模型反应,对2种结构的Ag催化剂的催化性能进行了测试.催化反应结果表明,核壳型结构Ag/ZIF-8@MS材料催化对硝基苯酚反应的转化率超过95%,证明了这种以ZIF-8为载体的核壳型材料的优势.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.