ICP–OES法测定八氧化三铀中杂质元素钨

以ICP–OES法测定八氧化三铀中杂质元素钨。采用浓HNO3–浓HCl、浓HNO–HF、3 mol/L HNO3三步酸溶方案,利用CL–TBP萃淋树脂将铀基体分离,淋洗液基质为3 mol/L HNO3,淋洗液流速为1 mL/min。弃去最初2 mL死体积淋洗液后接收10 mL,分离回收率平均值为95.93%,线性方程为y=539.71x+16.6,相关系数r2=0.999 7,4水平样品测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.39%~3.12%(n=6)。用该方法对标准物质进行测定,测定结果在参考值范围内。     

质谱同位素稀释法测定U_3O_8标样中痕量Th

以~(230)Th作稀释剂用IDMS测定了U_3O_8标样中痕量Th。取样1g,先在9mol/l HCI体系中用阴离子交换法除去大量U及Fe、Pb等杂质,进而以CL5209型萃淋树脂分离Th。本法测Th的检出限为2.4×10~(-9)g。分析含Th 0.873 ppm 的U_3O_3试样时方法的精密度为±3.3%。     

色谱分离ICP-AES法测定高纯度八氧化三铀中的13种微量杂质

采用磷酸三丁酯（TBP）萃淋树脂色层分离铀，用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法测定分离后的离纯度铀氧化物的杂质元素Al、Ca、Cr、Cu、Fu、Mn、Mo、Ni、P、Ti、V、Zn、Zr，除Al、Fe、Mo外的其余10种元素的测定结果符合标准物质定值的要求。     

方波悬汞吸附伏安法测定八氧化三铀中的钛

U_3O_3用HNO_3溶解,用TBP萃淋树脂分离铀,水溶液用HClO_4蒸干,残渣溶于10ml、pH=6.1的0.1mol/L EDTA、lmol/L的NaAc溶液中,加入1％铜铁试剂0.5ml,于-0.6V～-1.1V的电位范围内用方波伏安法测定钛。标准偏差约为5％,最低检出限为0.5ng/ml。     

四氟化铀中硼的ICP-AES法测定

重点介绍建立四氟化铀中硼的TBP -萃淋树脂分离ICP -AES法测定的工作标准选择 ,测试方法条件和获得较高准确度和精密度的方法     

高纯金属镱中杂质元素的电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定

利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP—MS)直接测定了金属镱中除Tm、Lu外其他稀土及非稀土杂质元素;通过P507萃淋树脂色层柱,分离绝大部分Yb基体,避免了基体元素对Tm、Lu的测定干扰?定量加入内标元素Sc、Cs,有效克服了基体效应所带来的偏差。稀土杂质元素的检出限0．010～0．032μg／g,非稀土杂质元素的检出限为0.12～5．0μg／g。加标回收率为83％～105％。方法适用于纯度为99．99％～99．999％的高纯金属镱产品中杂质元素的测定。     

ICP–MS法测定铅精矿、锌精矿、混合铅锌矿中的铊

建立铅精矿、锌精矿、混合铅锌矿中铊的分析方法。试样采用盐酸、硝酸、硫酸消解,挥发除去硫,沉淀除去大部分铅和硅,用电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP–MS)法测定样品溶液中铊的含量。对基体及主要杂质元素的干扰情况及消除方法进行试验,优化了分析方法。铊含量在0.01~10μg/L的范围内具有良好的线性关系,线性相关系数大于0.999 9,检出限为0.001 8μg/L。测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.42%~3.96%(n=11),加标回收率为92.7%~106.8%。该方法简单、快速、准确,可用于铅锌精矿、混合铅锌矿中铊的测定。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定富铀矿样中的微量钍

建立电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP–MS)法测定富铀矿样中微量钍的方法。富铀矿样经Na_2O_2分解,用乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA-2Na)–三乙醇胺(TEA)–H_2O_2溶液提取,以Mg(OH)_2作载体共沉淀提取液中的过氧化钍,使钍与大部分金属离子和UO_2~(2+)分离。沉淀用2 mol/L热HNO_3溶液溶解,定容后用ICP–MS法测定。该方法消除了样品中高含量铀组分对仪器进样系统的污染。钍的质量浓度在0~100μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.999 7,钍的检出限为0.185μg/L。测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.23%~5.91%(n=6),用该法测定3种国家标准物质,测定值与标准值的相对误差小于4.96%。该法样品分解彻底,铀分离较充分,检测速度快,检出限低,测定结果稳定可靠,适用于富铀矿样中微量钍的测定。     

TBP萃淋树脂分离分光光度法测定矿石中的微量铀

矿石中微量铀的分离通常采用萃取分离法、离子交换法、萃取色层法和TBP萃淋树脂分离法。其中萃淋树脂分离法是近几年出现的新型的分离方法。该法采用的TBP萃淋树脂是以苯乙烯-二乙烯苯树脂为骨架与磷酸三丁脂聚合而成的,它兼有离子交换和溶剂萃取二种分离方法的优点,又避免了萃取色层法装柱条件要求严格的缺点。因此该法是较为理想的分离方法。国内TBP萃淋树脂已由北京第五研究所合成,现已应用到铀、钍的分离测定中。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高纯氧化镨中稀土杂质

深入考察了ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ法测定高纯氧化镨时基体对稀土杂质测定的影响,研究了Ｐ５０７萃淋树脂分离大量基体Ｐｒ６Ｏ１１的实验条件,建立了采用内标补偿直接测定大部分稀土杂质和经Ｐ５０７萃淋树脂分离基体后测定被干扰离子Ｔｂ相结合测定高纯Ｐｒ６Ｏ１１中稀土杂质的ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ分析方法。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。