醌式杂环化合物的设计、合成及应用性能研究进展

醌式杂环(噻吩、吡咯、呋喃等)分子具有结构刚性、最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)/最低未占据分子轨道(LUMO)能级低、能级带隙窄和摩尔消光系数高等特点.醌式分子因其结构平面性特点,分子间作用力较强,因而分子间电荷传输能力强.目前,醌式杂环分子已成为有机半导体材料领域特别是有机场效应晶体管领域的研究热点.根据醌式杂环分子的结构特点,以端基为分类依据,综述了近年来醌式杂环化合物在分子设计、合成及应用性能等方面的研究进展,并展望了醌式杂环分子的发展前景.     

芳香酮、酚、胺、羧酸及含氮杂环的解离常数与其π电子分布的关系

本文用微扰分子轨道(PMO),Hackel分子轨道(HMO)和自洽场分子轨道(PPP)方法研究了芳香酮、芳香胺、酚和含氮杂环等化合物的解离常数(pK_α)和π-电子分布的关系。结果表明对交替烃,PMO,HMO和PPP在某些情况下,有类似的平行结果。pK_α与活性原子上的电荷密度q_w有着良好的线性关系。但对芳香甲酸和含氮杂环,pK_α与q_x有反比关系。对芳香甲酸pK_α主要由偶极矩决定。而含氮杂环主要由氮原子中的孤对电子与最高充满轨道中的电子间的排斥积分所控制。     

3-杂环取代吲哚衍生物的合成与抗肿瘤活性研究进展

杂环是大部分天然产物、合成及半合成分子的关键分子组成部分,具有重要的生物活性。其中,五元环及六元环体系是抗肿瘤药物的重要支架,在3-取代吲哚药物设计中占据重要地位,表现出较好的肿瘤抑制活性。本文围绕近年来含五元环、六元环的3-取代杂环吲哚衍生物的抗肿瘤活性及其构效关系进行综述,以期为含杂环的吲哚衍生物的合成研究提供一定参考。     

卤素及三卤甲基侧取代大杂环化合物的结构和性能——Ⅱ.氧、氮、硫杂大环化合物的电子结构

用AM1方法计算了 2 0个卤素及三卤甲基侧取代氧、氮、硫杂大环化合物的电子结构。结果表明 ,这类杂环化合物分子的总能量 ,最高占据分子轨道能量 ,杂环中氧、氮、硫原子的电荷分布和空腔大小呈现出一定的规律性。它们对于络合过渡金属具有较强的选择性     

卤素及三卤甲基侧取代大杂环化合物的结构和性能——Ⅱ.氧、氮、硫杂大环化

用AM1方法计算了20个卤素及三卤甲基侧取代氧、氮、硫杂大环化合物的电子结构。结果表明,这类杂环化合物分子的总能量,最高占据分子轨道能量,杂环中氧、氮、硫原子的电荷分布和空腔大小呈现出一定的规律性。它们对于络合过渡金属具有较强的选择性。     

芳香化合物亲核、亲电反应活性的理论预测和实验反应速率的相关性研究

选择自然布局分析(NPA)电荷、Hirshfeld电荷、分子范德华表面1.6?处的静电势、最低未占据轨道(LUMO)成分、分子范德华表面1.6?处的平均局部离子化能、简缩福井函数和简缩双描述符来预测芳香族化合物亲核加成、亲核取代和亲电反应的活性位点,并分析理论预测结果和实验反应速率之间的相关性.发现这些方法都能准确地预测反应的活性位点.还发现不管对亲核反应还是对亲电反应,体现局部电子硬度的方法,如Hirshfeld电荷和分子范德华表面1.6?处的静电势,其预测结果的大小能较好地反映实验反应速率的相对大小,而体现局部电子软度的方法,简缩福井函数和简缩双描述符,其预测结果和实验反应速率的相关性较小.     

基于复小波能量谱的蛋白质活性位点识别新方法

蛋白质活性位点的识别对于理解蛋白质的功能及计算机辅助药物设计具有重要的意义. 基于复小波能量谱建立蛋白质活性位点识别新方法, 采用Morlet复小波对数字化的蛋白质序列进行一维连续小波变换. 结果表明, 通过时-频分析, 能量集中区域往往与蛋白质的活性位点具有密切联系, 并且同源蛋白质序列的复小波能量最大值通常分布于相同的频率处, 表明小波功率谱在预测蛋白质活性位点方面具有广阔的应用前景.     

具有生物活性的磷杂环化合物研究: XIV. Lawesson试剂与 含活泼氢的双官能团 化合物的环化反应

研究Lawesson试剂与含活泼氢的双官能团化合物的环化反应,合成了O-P-O,N-P-O,N-P-N型五元、六元及七元磷杂环。探讨了其成环可能性及其环化机理。初步的生物活性测定结果表明,应用Lawesson试剂所合成的磷杂环具有较好的选择性除草活性。     

具有生物活性的磷杂环化合物研究: XIV. Lawesson试剂与 含活泼氢的双官能团 化合物的环化反应

研究Lawesson试剂与含活泼氢的双官能团化合物的环化反应,合成了O-P-O,N-P-O,N-P-N型五元、六元及七元磷杂环。探讨了其成环可能性及其环化机理。初步的生物活性测定结果表明,应用Lawesson试剂所合成的磷杂环具有较好的选择性除草活性。     

具有生物活性的磷杂环化合物研究ⅩⅣ.Lawesson试剂与含活泼氢的双官能团化合物的环化反应

研究Lawesson试剂与含活泼氢的双官能团化合物的环化反应,合成了O-P-O,N-P-O,N-P-N型五元、六元及七元磷杂环.探讨了其成环可能性及其环化机理.初步的生物活性测定结果表明,应用Lawesson试剂所合成的磷杂环具有较好的选择性除草活性.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。