制备氢氧化铁胶体

把适量溶液滴入沸水中即得氢氧化铁胶体。在沸水中制备是因为Fe3 水解倾向因温度升高而增强(FeCl3 3H2OFe(OH)3 3HCl)。若对氢氧化铁胶体“持续”加热,可能因温度升高胶粒运动快和“吸附”的离子减少而形成Fe(OH)3沉淀,即胶体受热聚沉。如若生成氢氧化铁胶体仅仅是加热促进水解     

提高电泳速度的研究

文章对影响胶体电泳速度的几个原因进行了研究,在实验的基础上提出了做好Fe（OH）3溶胶电泳实验的最佳实验方案,以便于学生从本质上认识胶体微粒带有电荷的重要性质。     

氢氧化铁胶体新制法的实验研究

通过对氢氧化铁胶体形成的实验研究,得出用适当浓度的NaOH溶液与适当浓度的FeCl3溶液直接参加反应,制取Fe(OH)3胶体的方法,及用这种方法制取Fe(OH)3胶体,所需的NaOH溶液和FeCl3溶液配制的具体操作.     

中学化学常见实验成功的条件探讨

对常用酸性高锰酸钾溶液的配制、重金属盐--CuSO4、Pb（Ac）2溶液沉淀蛋白质实验、酚酞溶液的配制、氯水的制备、KI淀粉试纸制备、Fe（OH）3胶体制备等提供了实验事实,并做出了新的判断,以提高中学化学实验教学的质量。     

氢氧化铁胶体电泳实验的改进

人民教育出版社全日制普通高级中学教科书(必修加选修)化学第三册第19页讲胶体性质中Fe(OH)3胶体电泳是高中化学中关于胶体性质的一个重要实验.因课本中Fe(OH)3胶体电泳实验是采用把电极直接插入胶体内使溶胶被破坏而凝聚析出胶粒.聚集成的颗粒使电极附近的溶胶变成红褐色沉淀,即形成电泳,但现象不明显,笔者通过反复实验,改进实验装置和实验方法后实验效果较明显.     

关于氢氧化亚铁的几个问题

1制得的白色Fe（OH）2很快变为浅绿色,转变是否和Fe（Ⅲ）有关 文献报道：当FeSO4,溶液和NaOH溶液反应生成的白色Fe（OH）2开始呈现浅绿色时,加酸溶解沉淀,再加KSCN,溶液的颜色和原FeSO4溶液与KSCN溶液混合的颜色相同。由此认为：沉淀开始呈现的浅绿色和Fe（Ⅲ）无关。作者认为呈现浅绿色有3种可能,如Fe（OH）2转变为Fe[Fe（OH）4]……（均未提供实验证据）。     

给不用硫酸铁制备氢氧化铁胶体加几个注释

通过对Fe2(SO4)3的水溶性和用FeCl3溶液制备Fe(OH)3胶体分散系中的成分及硫酸盐(SO42-)对Fe(OH)3胶体稳定性的影响的分析, 得出不宜用Fe2(SO4)3制备Fe(OH)3胶体的原因是SO42-比Cl-较易被界面吸附, 所以在溶剂化层内的负电荷数增加, 扩散层内的负电荷数减少, 扩散层变薄, Fe(OH)3胶粒相互碰撞容易发生聚沉。     

“胶体”的随堂分组实验设计

正1活动设计1.1目标知道区分透明胶体和溶液的简单方法,了解使胶体聚沉的方法。1.2用品CuSO4溶液、Fe(OH)3胶体、Fe(OH)3悬浊液;饱和Na2SiO3溶液、酚酞溶液、稀盐酸、6.0mL豆浆、0.1g石膏、0.1g蔗糖;带塞10mL青霉素小瓶(3个),10mL滴瓶(3个),激光灯、小试管(7支)。1.3步骤(1)将实验结果与现象填入表1。表1胶体的性质实验     

两种氢氧化铁胶体纯化新方法

针对在Fe(OH)3胶体纯化过程中,难以在短时间内获得一定纯度的Fe(OH)3胶体的问题,探究了两种Fe(OH)3胶体纯化的新方法,冷热交替渗析法和混合离子交换树脂法,并且对两种方法的最佳纯化条件及其各自的优劣进行探索。实验结果表明:使用冷热交替渗析法,60°C热水浴渗析35 min后冷水浴渗析15 min,胶体的电导率可达560μS?cm-1;而混合离子交换树脂法,当阴阳离子交换树脂的总质量为10 g,且质量比为1:1,粗胶体的体积为45 m L时,胶体的电导率可降至42μS?cm-1。两种方法各有优劣,在教学实践过程中可根据实际情况灵活选择。     

利用手持技术选择氢氧化铁胶体渗析实验半透膜

利用pH传感器、电导率传感器来间接比较胶棉膜、鸡蛋壳、硫酸纸、保鲜膜等生活中常见的半透膜对Fe（OH）3胶体的渗析功能,确定适合在中学开展胶体渗析实验探究中使用的半透膜。此方法简便、快捷、直观,对开展中学化学的扩展性研究和提高课堂教学效率有一定的价值。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。