GaN纳米带、纳米环和Z字结构纳米线在金属镓颗粒上的原位生长及其发光性质

在1050℃氨气和氢气混合气氛中加热金属镓,在镓颗粒表面原位生长出了GaN纳米带、纳米环和Z字结构纳米线．利用激光拉曼光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对产物进行了表征,结果表明,所得不同形貌GaN纳米结构均为单晶六方纤锌矿结构,纳米带宽度在20～300nm,长达30gm;纳米环直径在5-8gm;Z字结构纳米线的直径约为160nm．研究了反应温度和时间对产物形貌和结构的影响,提出了不同形貌GaN纳米结构的可能形成机理．从GaN纳米结构的发光光谱中观察到了发光峰位于361nm强的紫外光发光和456nm弱的蓝光发光,这两种发光分别起源于GaN宽带隙带边的激子发射和浅的给体向深的局域受体的跃迁．     

吡啶二羧酸根敏化LaF3:Tb发光纳米粒子的制备及对DNA的测定

采用水热法合成了水溶性良好的吡啶二羧酸根(DPA)敏化LaF3∶Tb(DPA-LaF3∶Tb)纳米粒子,该粒子的发光强度大且光学性能稳定.X射线衍射分析表明,合成了单一相六方晶系的LaF3晶体;透射电子显微镜结果表明,所合成粒子分散性良好,粒径约为15 nm.测得合成粒子在水相中的发光寿命为2.95 ms.以DPA-LaF3∶Tb纳米粒子为发光探针,基于DNA对纳米粒子的发光猝灭,实现了对DNA的定量测定,该方法的线性范围为0.083～13.0μg/mL;检出限为0.02μg/mL;并研究了共存物质对DNA测定的干扰.     

利用Pd催化合成单晶GaN纳米线的光学特性(英文)

基于金属元素钯具有的催化特性,采用射频磁控溅射方法,在Si(111)衬底上沉积Pd:Ga2O3薄膜,然后在950℃下对薄膜进行氨化,制备出大量GaN纳米线.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)等技术手段对样品的结构、形貌和成分进行分析.结果表明,制备的样品为具有六方纤锌矿结构的单晶GaN纳米线,直径在20-60nm范围内,长度为几十微米,表面光滑无杂质,结晶质量较高.用光致发光光谱对样品的发光特性进行测试,分别在361.1、388.6和426.3nm处出现三个发光峰,且与GaN体材料相比近带边紫外发光峰发生了较弱的蓝移.对GaN纳米线的生长机制也进行了简单的讨论.     

稀土离子掺杂LaPO4纳米结构材料形貌、物相的调控及发光性能

利用水热合成技术,通过改变掺杂稀土离子的种类、掺杂浓度及添加剂的种类可实现LaPO4纳米结构材料形貌及物相的调控,同时还研究了合成材料的光致发光性能.结果表明:Ce3+离子掺杂浓度的增加可导致LaPO4纳米棒发生由单斜相向六方相的转变,而Tb3+离子掺杂浓度增加到相同的范围则不能够引起该相转变的发生;具有较小尺寸的LaPO4纳米棒易于"肩并肩"聚集形成纳米棒束;改变掺杂稀土离子的种类和浓度可调控纳米棒束的长度(150 nm～2.0μm),但对纳米棒束的直径影响不大(40～60 nm);添加剂的加入使纳米棒束更均一,对其相结构则基本没有影响;在紫外光激发下,单掺杂Ce3+或Tb3+离子的LaPO4纳米棒束分别表现出Ce3+或Tb3+离子的特征发射,由于Ce3+,Tb3+离子间存在有效的能量传递,Ce3+,Tb3+离子共掺杂的LaPO4纳米棒束表现出较强的Tb3+离子的绿光发射.     

铽掺杂纳米晶GaN薄膜的室温可见发光

利用直流磁控反应式共溅射方法制备了GaN：Tb薄膜。XRD结果显示,该薄膜为纳米晶结构,根据Scherrer公式,计算得到了GaN薄膜晶粒的平均大小为4．8nm;紫外可见谱表明在可见光区薄膜的平均透过率大于75％,同时利用Tauc公式计算得到了薄膜的光学带隙为3．07eV;测量了薄膜的室温光致发光谱,获得了Tb^3＋在可见光区（位于497．0,552．4,594．2以及627．8nm）的本征发光。     

ZnWO4:Er3+,Yb3+纳米棒的制备及发光性能

采用水热法以聚乙二醇为分散剂合成了Er3+,Yb3+共掺的ZnWO4纳米棒.X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜分析结果表明:所得产物为直径约20 nm的ZnWO4纳米棒.在激发波长为980 nm的半导体激光器做光源激发下,确定样品的3个发射峰的发光中心位于532、553和656 nm,分别对应于铒离子2H11/2→4I15/2,4S3/2→4I15/2和4F9/2→4I15/2的跃迁.     

加热覆盖有ZnCl2溶液的锌片制备ZnO亚微米棒阵列

将表面覆盖有ZnCl2溶液的锌片加热到400 ℃反应1 h, 在锌片上生长出了ZnO亚微米棒阵列. 采用扫描电镜、透射电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪对所制备的产物进行了表征和分析. 结果表明产物为六方相纤锌矿单晶结构的ZnO亚微米棒, 其直径和长度分别为300～650 nm和6 μm, 提出了ZnO亚微米棒可能的生长机理. 在波长为300 nm光的激发下, 发现了ZnO亚微米棒阵列具有发光峰位于395 nm强的紫外光发光和位于490 nm弱的蓝绿光发光, 这两种发光分别起源于ZnO宽带隙带边发射和ZnO中相应的缺陷结构.     

Co掺杂ZnO纳米棒的水热法制备及其光致发光性能

以Zn(NO3)2·6H2O 和Co(NO3)2·6H2O为原料, 通过水热法在较低温度下制备了纯ZnO和Co掺杂的ZnO(ZnO:Co)纳米棒. 利用XRD、EDS、TEM和HRTEM对样品进行了表征, 结合光致发光(PL)谱研究了样品的PL性能. 结果表明, 水热法制备纯ZnO和ZnO:Co纳米棒均具有较好的结晶度. Co2+是以替代的形式进入ZnO晶格, 掺入量为2%(原子分数)左右. 纯的ZnO纳米棒平均直径约为20 nm, 平均长度约为180 nm; 掺杂样品的平均直径值约为15 nm, 平均长度约为200 nm左右; Co掺杂轻微地影响ZnO纳米棒的生长. 另外, Co掺杂能够调整ZnO纳米棒的能带结构、提高表面态含量, 进而使得ZnO:Co纳米棒的紫外发光峰位红移, 可见光发光能力增强.     

Zn_2GeO_4纳米棒的制备及发光性质

采用水热合成法制备了纯菱形相的Zn_2GeO_4纳米棒,研究了水热制备前驱体溶液的pH值对材料尺寸及形貌的影响以及Zn_2GeO_4纳米棒的光学性质。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测试结果表明,随着前驱体溶液pH值的变化样品逐渐由微米级块状结构生长成为纳米颗粒,并且进一步形成纳米棒结构。纳米棒的尺寸由长200 nm变化到500 nm。室温光致发光(PL)光谱中观察到位于450和530 nm两个不同的发光峰,其分别源于Zn_2GeO_4的不同缺陷能级。     

表面活性剂辅助合成CdWO4纳米棒和纳米线

以Na₂WO₄•2H₂O和CdCl₂ 为主要原料, 分别在十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)表面活性剂中, 在180 ℃反应16 h, 水热制备了CdWO₄纳米棒和纳米线. 利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)等手段对产物进行了表征, 并对其在室温下的发光特性进行了测定. 实验结果表明: 产物均为具有单斜结构的单相CdWO₄. 其中CdWO₄纳米棒具有单晶属性, 平均粒径约为63 nm, 长度近1 µm; 而CdWO₄纳米线具有多晶特性, 平均粒径约为12 nm, 长度达十几微米. 当激发波长为253 nm时均有460 nm强的发射峰, 其中CdWO₄单晶纳米棒的发光强度大于CdWO₄多晶纳米线. 分别对CdWO₄纳米棒和纳米线形成的可能机理进行了初步分析.     

Ag-catalyzed Synthesis of Tb(BO2)3 Nanorods

Well-crystallized with excellent luminescent properties, Tb(BO₂)₃ nanorods were first suc-cessfully synthesized by a simple solid-state method with Ag as catalyst. The result of X-ray diffraction showed that the Tb(BO₂)₃ nanorods could be well-crystallized at 700 oC. As-prepared straight nanorods of Tb(BO₂)₃ had the typical diameters in the range of 100-200 nm, the thickness of 30-50 nm and the lengths up to 3 μm by transmission elec-tron microscopy and the corresponding selected area electron diffraction indicated that the nanorod calcined at 700 oC was single-crystalline. Based on the fact that Ag nanoparti-cles attached to the tips and middles of the Tb(BO₂)₃ nanorods, a growth model of the Tb(BO₂)₃ nanorods was proposed. Photoluminescence spectra under excitation at 369 nm showed that these Tb(BO₂)₃ phosphors had a green emission at 546 nm, which is ascribed to ⁵D₄→⁷F₅ transition. The effect of calcining temperature on the structures, morphologies, and luminescent properties of Tb(BO₂)₃ phosphors were studied.     

NaOH溶液中CdS纳米棒的水热合成

在NaOH溶液中水热合成了CdS纳米棒, 并探讨了NaOH溶液浓度和反应时间对CdS纳米棒形貌及晶体结构的影响及其可能的生长机理和母液循环可行性. 用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)和选区电子衍射(SAED)对CdS纳米棒进行了表征, 并考察了其在可见光照射下光催化降解亚甲基蓝的活性. 结果表明, NaOH溶液是形成棒状形貌的关键因素. 在最优实验条件下, 可获得六方纤锌矿结构CdS纳米棒, 直径约200 nm, 长度可达4 μm. 该纳米棒具有良好的可见光光催化活性.     

Dual function of rare earth doped nano Bi(2)O(3): white light emission and photocatalytic properties

Undoped Bi(2)O(3) and single and double doped Bi(2)O(3)?:?M (where M = Tb(3+) and Eu(3+)) nanophosphors were synthesized through a simple sonochemical process and characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), EDS, diffuse reflectance (DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectrophotometry. The TEM micrographs show that resultant nanoparticles have a rod-like shape. Energy transfer was observed from host to the dopant ions. Characteristic green emissions from Tb(3+) ions and red emissions from Eu(3+) ions were observed. Interestingly, the Commission International de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of the double doped Bi(2)O(3)?:?Eu(3+)(0.8%)?:?Tb(3+)(1.2%) nanorods lie in the white light region of the chromaticity diagram and it has a quantum efficiency of 51%. The undoped Bi(2)O(3) showed a band gap of 3.98 eV which is red shifted to 3.81eV in the case of double doped Bi(2)O(3)?:?Eu(3+)(0.8%)?:?Tb(3+)(1.2%) nanorods. The photocatalytic activities of undoped nano Bi(2)O(3) and double doped nano Bi(2)O(3)?:?Eu(3+)(0.8%)?:?Tb(3+)(1.2%) were evaluated for the degradation of Rhodamine B under UV irradiation of 310 nm. The results showed that Bi(2)O(3)?:?Eu(3+)(0.8%)?:?Tb(3+)(1.2%) had better photocatalytic activity compared to undoped nano Bi(2)O(3). The evolution of CO(2) was realized and these results indicated the continuous mineralization of rhodamine B during the photocatalytic process. Thus double doped Bi(2)O(3)?:?Eu(3+)(0.8%)?:?Tb(3+)(1.2%) nanorods can be termed as a bifunctional material exhibiting both photocatalytic properties and white light emission.     

Defect-pit-assisted growth of GaN nanostructures: nanowires, nanorods and nanobelts

A new method using defect-pit-assisted growth technology to successfully synthesize the high-quality single crystalline GaN nanostructures by ammoniating Ga(2)O(3) films was proposed in this paper. During the ammoniating process, the amorphous middle buffer layer may unavoidably produce some defects and dislocations. Some defect pits come out, which have the lowest surface energy and can subsequently be used as a mask/template or act as potential nucleation sites to fabricate the GaN actinomorphic nanostructures. The as-prepared products are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The results indicate that all the reflections of the samples can be indexed to the hexagonal GaN phase and the clear lattice fringes in HRTEM further confirm the growth of high-quality single-crystal GaN nanostructures. The SEM images show that the nanostructures have been realized under different experimental conditions exhibiting different shapes: nanowires, nanorods, and nanobelts. No particles or other nanostructures are found in the SEM study, demonstrating that the product possesses pure nanostructures. These nanostructures show a very good emission peak at 366 nm, which will have a good advantage for applications in laser devices using one-dimensional structures. Finally, the growth mechanism is also briefly discussed.     

室温氧化还原反应制备AgCuSe三元纳米棒

AgCuSe nanorods were prepared at room temperature by a redox reaction. The as-prepared product was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.X-ray powder diffraction shows that the as-prepared product is the tetragonal phase of AgCuSe. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the sample consists of nanorods with a diameter varying from 5 nm to 20 nm and a length varying from 200 nm to 600 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that the purity of the sample is high. The formation mechanism of AgCuSe and the growth mechanism of AgCuSe nanorods were discussed.Thermodynamic calulations show that the final product in the synthetic system is pure AgCuSe. The solvent ethylenediamine did not only acts a didentate ligand to form relatively state Ag + and Cu + complexes, but also dissolved Se and enhanced the reactivity of Se. It played an important role in controlling the nucleation and growth of AgCuSe nanorods.     

Fabrication of CoO nanorods via thermal decomposition of CoC2O4 precursor

Cobalt oxide (CoO) nanorods were synthesized by annealing CoC₂O₄ precursor. The nanorods were identified by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and other methods. The results showed that the nanorods are composed of cubic CoO with diameter of 10–80 nm, and lengths ranging from 1 to 3 μm. The mechanism of formation of CoO nanorods was also discussed.     

Controlled fabrication and shape-dependent luminescence properties of hexagonal NaCeF4, NaCeF4:Tb3+ nanorods via polyol-mediated solvothermal route

Hexagonal monodisperse NaCeF(4) and NaCeF(4):Tb(3+) nanorods have been successfully synthesized by a polyol-mediated solvothermal route with ethylene glycol (EG) as solvent. The crystalline phase, size, morphology, and luminescence properties were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and photoluminescence (PL) spectra as well as dynamic decays. The experimental results indicate that the content of NH(4)F and NaNO(3) are crucial in controlling product morphology and size. Nanorods with different aspect ratios could be controllably obtained under settled conditions. Shape-dependent luminescence and energy transfer routes from Ce(3+) to Tb(3+) in NaCeF(4):Tb(3+) nanorods were observed by the modified local crystal field environment around rare earth ions. The 4f-5d transitions of Ce(3+) ions have much higher sensitivity to the anisotropic shape of samples than that of Tb(3+) ions.     

微波法制备金属钴纳米晶棒及其表征

微波法制备金属钴纳米晶棒及其表征;微波法;钴;纳米晶棒;表面活性剂;表面修饰     

Phase-controlled synthesis and characterization of nickel sulfides nanorods

Different one-dimensional nickel sulfides, NiS nanorods and Ni₉S₈ nanorods were synthesized in the presence (Route 1) and absence (Route 2) of gas CO₂. X-ray powder diffraction patterns, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images show that the product from Route 1 is NiS nanorods with a diameter of about 50-120 nm, while the product from Route 2 is Ni₉S₈ nanords about 70-200 nm in diameter. A molecular-template-like mechanism was proposed for the one-dimensional structures growth. The products were also investigated by Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy.