液相沉积法制备ZnO/CdS复合纳米棒阵列薄膜及其光电性质

采用两步化学溶液沉积法在氧化铟锡(ITO)导电玻璃衬底上制备了ZnO/CdS复合纳米棒阵列薄膜.利用X射线衍射(XRD)仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收分光光度计、荧光(PL)光谱仪及表面光电压谱(SPS)研究了不同CdS沉积时间对复合薄膜的晶体结构、形貌、光电性质的影响.研究结果表明:ZnO纳米棒阵列表面包覆CdS纳米颗粒后,其吸收光谱可拓展到可见光区;与吸收光谱相对应在可见光区出现新的光电压谱响应区,这一现象证实,通过与CdS复合可显著提高ZnO纳米棒阵列在可见光区的光电转换性能;随着CdS纳米颗粒沉积时间的延长,复合纳米棒阵列薄膜在大于383nm波长区域的光电压强度逐渐减弱,而在小于383nm波长区域的光电压强度逐渐增强.用两种不同的电荷产生和分离机制对这一截然相反的光响应过程进行了详细的讨论和解释.     

CdS量子点敏化ZnO纳米棒阵列电极的制备和光电化学性能

采用连续式离子层吸附与反应法制备了CdS量子点敏化的ZnO纳米棒电极.应用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对CdS量子点/ZnO纳米棒电极的形貌、晶型和颗粒尺寸进行了分析和表征;采用光电流-电位曲线和光电流谱研究了不同CdS循环沉积次数及不同沉积浓度对复合电极的光电性能影响.结果表明,前驱体浓度都为0.1mol·L-1且沉积15次敏化后的ZnO纳米棒阵列电极光电性能最好.与单纯的ZnO纳米棒阵列电极和单纯的CdS量子点电极相比,其光电转换效率显著提高,单色光光子-电流转换效率(IPCE)在380nm处达到76%.这是因为CdS量子点可以拓宽光的吸收到可见光区,并且在所形成的界面上光生载流子更容易分离.荧光光谱实验进一步说明了光电增强的原因是,两者间形成的界面中表面态大大减少,有利于减少光生电子和空穴的复合.     

溶剂对反胶束法合成CdS纳米粒子粒径的影响

以磺基琥珀酸二辛酯钠盐(AOT)为保护剂,利用反胶束法在不同烷烃溶液中合成了CdS纳米粒子.采用紫外-可见光谱、透射电子显微镜、荧光光谱法对其进行表征.研究表明:在不同烷烃溶液中合成的CdS纳米粒子,其粒子大小和荧光强度都随溶剂而改变.     

利用牛血清蛋白合成CdS纳米棒和网状纳米线

采用简单易控、对环境友好的矿化方法, 利用牛血清蛋白(BSA)做模板, 通过Cd2+与硫代乙酰胺(TAA)反应制备了形貌均一的CdS纳米棒和网状纳米线. 分别采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线能谱(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、荧光(PL)发射谱和导电原子力显微镜(C-AFM)等方法对不同实验温度下制备的CdS样品的结构形貌、成分组成和光学性质及微区电子传输行为进行了表征. 结果表明: 在实验反应温度为20 ℃时, 得到的产物为单分散性好的CdS 纳米棒, 长度为250 nm, 直径为30 nm; 在50 ℃时, 得到网状CdS纳米线, 其长度为2-3 μm; CdS纳米棒和网状纳米线均为立方相闪锌矿结构. 荧光性质的测试表明, CdS纳米棒和网状纳米线具有优良的荧光性能, 电流-电压(I-V)特性的表征表明CdS纳米线具有很好的电导特性.     

聚丙烯酸辅助水热合成CdS纳米片

利用聚丙烯酸(PAA)和硫代乙酰胺(TAA)合成大分子硫源,采用水热的方法在180℃下制备立方相CdS纳米片,纳米片平均大小在100nm.用X射线衍射仪器(XRD),透射电子显微镜(TEM),红外吸收光谱(FTIR)和紫外吸收光谱(UV-Vis)对CdS纳米片进行了形貌和性能表征,并分析了CdS纳米片形成的可能机理.此外,反应的溶剂对CdS纳米材料的形貌有重要的影响.     

微波水热法制备CdS单分散纳米球及其形貌控制

采用微波水热法,以醋酸镉(Cd(CH3COO)2.2H2O)为镉源,硫脲(CS(NH2)2)为硫源,制备出了具有单分散球形形貌的CdS纳米晶。应用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、能量色散谱仪(EDS)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HR-TEM)、紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)等测试手段对样品的物相、形貌、元素组分及吸光性能进行了表征,并以罗丹明B溶液的降解脱色反应来考察了其的光催化活性。结果表明:随着S/Cd物质的量比(nS/nCd)逐渐增大,产物会出现由刺球链状向分散球形过渡的规律性变化。在一定的nS/nCd比的条件下可以合成出大小均匀、分散性较好的六方相CdS纳米球。样品对可见光有较强吸收,存在着一定的红移现象。在可见光照射下,硫化镉单分散纳米球具有更高的光催化活性。     

纳米硫化镉在对氨基苯硫酚自组装单层修饰金电极上的电化学合成

采用电流脉冲法在自组装了对氨基苯硫酚单层的金电极(PATP/Au)上电沉积硫化镉(CdS)纳米薄膜,运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射谱(XRD)对其形貌和结构进行了表征,发现得到的是垂直基底生长的CdS纳米棒有序阵列.研究电沉积中电流脉冲参数的影响时发现:随着电流脉冲宽度增大,CdS纳米棒的尺寸增大,有序性降低;脉冲幅度增大,则纳米棒尺寸增大,覆盖度也随之增大.因此通过调节脉冲宽度和脉冲幅度,可对所制备的CdS纳米薄膜的形貌和尺寸进行调控.运用循环伏安法和计时电位法对电沉积机理进行了探究.根据实验结果我们认为Au电极自组装PATP单分子层后,PATP分子中的-NH2与溶液中Cd2+相互作用,使沉积时的电子通过表面的PATP分子链进行传递.并进一步提出纳米CdS在PATP/Au电极上电化学合成的生长机理.     

掺镁钛酸钡纳米棒的水热合成和光催化性能

用水热法制备掺镁钛酸钡(Ba1-xMgxTiO3(x=0,0.10,0.20,0.30,0.40),BMT)纳米粉体。运用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外可见漫反射光谱技术(DRS)等手段对样品进行了表征,并在可见光照射下于溶液中考察了其光催化降解甲基橙反应活性。结果表明,通过控制氢氧根浓度可以得到不同形貌的纳米粉体。基于不同条件下制备的样品的微结构分析,提出了这些不同形貌的形成机制。制备出的BMT材料的带隙能约为2.61 eV。光催化反应结果表明BMT的光催化活性比掺氮TiO2高得多。OH-浓度为8 mol·L-1时制备的BMT纳米棒光催化效率最高,经可见光照射360 min,浓度为0.01 mmol·L-1甲基橙溶液的降解率可达到93.0%,且循环使用4次后,其光催化活性并没有明显降低,表明BMT是一种稳定有效的可见光催化剂.     

全固态Z-型CdS/Au/Bi2MoO6异质结的构筑及其光催化性能

采用简单的化学还原沉积和二次水热的方法成功制备了CdS和Au共同修饰Z型CdS/Au/Bi2MoO6(CdS/Au/BMO)光催化剂。通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等测试技术对其组成、形貌、光吸收特性和光电化学性能等进行系统表征。实验结果表明,CdS/Au/BMO-2复合材料在可见光照射下表现出最佳的降解效率,其降解RhB的速率常数约为BMO的8.8倍和CdS的20倍。Au NPs作为固态电子媒介,为光生电子的传输和转移提供了一个通道,同时Au NPs的表面等离子体共振(SPR)效应和CdS纳米粒子显著拓宽了催化体系对可见光的响应范围;通过对催化剂的组成、结构和光电性能表征,确定了CdS/Au/BMO的能带结构,进而探讨了CdS/Au/BMO活性增强机制。     

具有三维阵列结构的树枝晶CdS的制备及生长机理研究

采用电沉积和溶剂热相结合的方法,以树枝状金属Cd颗粒为模板和前驱体,在乙二胺溶剂中以六亚甲基四胺(HMTA)为表面修饰剂,制备出具有三维阵列结构的树枝晶CdS。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)结合X射线能谱仪(EDS)等对样品的物相、形貌、元素组分和结构进行了分析。结果表明:在溶剂热反应过程中,当不加入HMTA时,得到的产物是无序的CdS纳米线;而在HMTA的作用下,则生成的是具有三维阵列结构的树枝晶CdS;通过分析溶剂热反应过程中的化学反应,并结合产物形貌演变规律,提出了具有三维阵列结构的树枝晶CdS的形成机理。光催化性能测试表明具有三维树枝晶CdS纳米阵列在可见光照射下表现出良好的光催化活性。     

One-pot hydrothermal synthesis of willow branch-shaped MoS2/CdS heterojunctions for photocatalytic H2 production under visible light irradiation

Willow branch-shaped MoS₂/CdS heterojunctions are successfully synthesized for the first time by a facile one-pot hydrothermal method. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and photoelectrochemical and photoluminescence spectroscopy tests. The photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activities of the samples were evaluated under visible light irradiation. The resulting MoS₂/CdS heterojunctions exhibit a much improved photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity than that obtained with CdS and MoS₂. In particular, the optimized MC-5 (5 at.% MoS₂/CdS) photocatalyst achieved the highest hydrogen production rate of 250.8 μmol h^-1, which is 28 times higher than that of pristine CdS. The apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) at 420 nm was 3.66%. Further detailed characterizations revealed that the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the MoS₂/CdS heterojunctions could be attributed to the efficient transfer and separation of photogenerated charge carriers resulting from the core-shell structure and the close contact between MoS₂ nanosheets and CdS single-crystal nanorods, as well as to increased visible light absorption. A tentative mechanism for photocatalytic H₂ evolution by MoS₂/CdS heterojunctions was proposed. This work will open up new opportunities for developing more efficient photocatalysts for water splitting.     

n-p异质结型CdS/BiOBr复合光催化剂的制备及性能

采用两步水热法制备了CdS/BiOBr复合光催化剂,并通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)等手段对其物相、表面结构、光响应性等性质进行了表征.结果表明,合成的CdS/BiOBr复合材料是n-p型异质结,由CdS颗粒裹附在BiOBr纳米球的表面构成,这种结构不仅具有良好的可见光响应范围,且有利于光生电子的迁移,并有效地抑制光生电子/空穴对的复合.通过光催化降解模拟染料废水和光催化脱除模拟含硫燃料评价了CdS/BiOBr复合材料的可见光催化性能.结果表明,6%(质量分数)CdS/BiOBr降解次甲基蓝的拟一级动力学常数分别为BiOBr和CdS的5.3和9.6倍,脱除噻吩的拟一级动力学常数分别为BiOBr和CdS的1.9和3.2倍.CdS/BiOBr具有良好的光催化稳定性,循环使用5次后,降解率仍能达到90%以上.     

硫掺杂钛酸(盐)纳米管的表征与可见光光催化活性

以二硫化钛为钛源和硫源,通过与NaOH水热反应成功制备了硫掺杂钛酸(盐)纳米管。 采用X射线衍射、高分辨透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、扩展X射线吸收精细结构(EXAFS)和X光微区分析等手段对所制备的硫掺杂钛酸(盐)纳米管的结构、形貌、硫掺杂状态和掺杂量进行了表征,并以可见光光催化氧化乙醇反应为探针,采用原位气相色谱技术研究了硫掺杂钛酸纳米管的可见光光催化活性;结果表明,S原子以S2-形式取代了钛酸纳米管骨架中O原子的位置, 有效实现了硫掺杂;硫掺杂钛酸(盐)纳米管壁厚平均尺寸为2.9 nm,管径平均尺寸为9.7 nm。 可见光光催化氧化乙醇反应结果表明,掺硫钛酸纳米管在极低的掺硫量条件下,表现出比未掺杂的二氧化钛纳米管具有更高的可见光光催化活性。     

Physicochemcial characteristic of CdS-anchored porous WS2 hybrid in the photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet under UV and visible light irradiation

In this work, we report the synthesis of CdS-incorporated porous WS₂ by a simple hydrothermal method. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the samples were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV–visible spectrometry. The photocatalytic activities were established for degradation of crystal violet (CV) under UV and visible light irradiation. The CdS-incorporated porous WS₂ hybrid demonstrated high photocatalytic activity for degradation of CV pollutant compared to pure CdS nanoparticles and porous WS₂ sheets. This result implies that the CdS-incorporated porous WS₂ promoted more electron-hole pair transformation under UV and visible light irradiation. This significant enhancement of photocatalytic efficiency of CdS-incorporated porous WS₂ photocatalyst under visible light can be ascribed to the presence of CdS nanospheres on the meshed-like WS₂ sheets which potentially improves absorption in the visible range enabled by surface plasmon resonance effect of CdS nanospheres. The photostability and reusability of the CdS-porous WS₂ were examined through recycling experiments.     

Electrospun nanofibers of TiO2/CdS heteroarchitectures with enhanced photocatalytic activity by visible light

Herein, we have demonstrated that the electrospun nanofibers of TiO(2)/CdS heteroarchitectures could be fabricated through combining electrospinning technique with hydrothermal process. The configuration, crystal structure, and element composition of the as-prepared TiO(2)/CdS heteroarchitectures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), resonant Raman spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that the high-density hexagonal wurtzite CdS crystalline particles of ca. 6-40 nm in diameter were uniformly and closely grown on anatase TiO(2) nanofibers. Especially, the light-absorption properties as well as photocatalytic characteristics of pure TiO(2) nanofibers and TiO(2)/CdS heteroarchitectures with different amount loading of CdS were also investigated. The absorption of TiO(2)/CdS heteroarchitectures was extended to the visible due to effective immobilization of sensitizing agent CdS on TiO(2). In contrast with the pure TiO(2) nanofibers, the TiO(2)/CdS heteroarchitectures showed excellent photocatalytic activity by using rhodamine B dye as a model organic substrate under visible-light irradiation. It was worth noting that the cooperative photocatalytic mechanism of the TiO(2)/CdS heteroarchitectures was also discussed.     

g-C_3N_4/CdS纳米棒复合光催化剂的制备及其光催化性能

采用简单的水热法制得CdS纳米棒,采用溶剂热法制得g-C_3N_4/CdS纳米棒复合光催化剂(1),其结构和性能经SEM,XRD和UV-Vis(DRS)表征。探究了1在可见光作用下光催化降解模拟有机污染物甲基橙的性能。结果表明:在可见光作用下,与纯CdS纳米棒光催化剂比较,1的催化活性明显提高,稳定性显著增强。     

CdS/TiO2纳米管复合结构的制备与光电性能研究

利用阳极氧化法在钛金属基底表面制备一层TiO2纳米管阵列薄膜,然后通过水热反应在TiO2纳米管上负载CdS纳米粒子,形成CdS/TiO2纳米管的复合结构。利用SEM、XRD、XPS、UV-Vis等手段对其形貌和结构进行表征。进一步考察了CdS/TiO2纳米管的光电性能和光催化活性,结果表明,相比于TiO2纳米管,CdS/TiO2纳米管复合结构在紫外光和可见光下都具有更好的光催化活性及光电性能。     

CdS/TiO2纳米管复合结构的制备与光电性能研究

利用阳极氧化法在钛金属基体表面制备一层TiO₂纳米管阵列薄膜, 然后通过水热反应在TiO₂纳米管上负载CdS纳米粒子, 形成CdS/TiO₂纳米管的复合结构。利用SEM、XRD、XPS、UV-Vis等手段对其形貌和结构进行表征。进一步考察了CdS/TiO₂纳米管的光电性能和光催化活性, 结果表明, 相比于TiO₂纳米管, CdS/TiO₂纳米管复合结构在紫外光和可见光下都具有更好的光催化活性及光电性能。     

Boron and nitrogen-codoped TiO2 nanorods: Synthesis, characterization, and photoelectrochemical properties

Boron and nitrogen codoped TiO₂ nanorods (BNTRs) were synthesized via two-step hydrothermal reactions using TiN as a starting material. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. The results showed that TiO₂ nanorods with the diameter of approximately 50–100 nm and the length of several micrometers were doped by the interstitial N and B. The nanorods were firstly formed in the hydrothermal synthesis of nitrogen doped TiO₂. The growing process of nanorods was observed by SEM and a most probable formation mechanism of the trititanate nanorods was proposed. The BNTRs showed a higher photocatalytic activity and a bigger photocurrent response than N–TiO₂ nanorods under visible light irradiation.