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在化学和计量学领域中,有三个英文名词:chemical metrology,chemometrics,stoichiometry,它们译成中文时,都使用了“化学计量学”这一术语,这就难免引起混乱。我认为,有必要寻找更恰当的译名,将这三个英文术语加以区分。 1 化学计量学(chemical metrology) 相似文献
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清华大学的前身是留美预备学校——清华学堂,创办于1911年。1925年设立大学部。1937年抗日战争爆发后,与北京大学、南开大学三校迁至昆明组成“西南联合大学”。抗战胜利后于1946年迁回北平。1948年12月解放。1952年经过院系调整,改造成为一所综合性的工科大学。1979年以来逐步设置理科专业,发展成为一所多科性的理工科大学。 相似文献
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1959年8—9月间,在纽约召开的国际海洋学会议上,Sillén 应邀作了题为“海水的物理化学”的讲演,此后又陆续发表了“海水与配位化学”等一系列文章讨论络合物化学与海洋化学的关系,以探索化学反应如何决定海水组成和海水中元素存在形式的,对海水体系的平衡计算作了一系列研究,提出了一些新概念。同时,也有一些海洋化学工作者从事过这一方面的工作。络合物化学与海洋腐蚀和防腐,与海水资源综合利用、与海洋污染及防 相似文献
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本文论述了化学方法论与化学教育、化学人才的关系,探讨了研究化学方法论对于更新化学教育思想、改革教学方法、促进化学学习及化学人才成长的重要作用。 相似文献
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绿色化学是从根本上消除环境污染的必由之路。由于某些传统农药是引起环境污染的一个重要因素,因而对农药化学中的绿色化学进行研究和推广具有非常重要的意义。本文应用绿色化学原理,对农药化学中的一些绿色化学方法和技术作了简单介绍。 相似文献
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This article explores interactions between the chemical industry, the environment, and Russian provincial society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, using the example of the Kokshan chemical works, in the Elabuga District, Viatka Province, Russian Empire (today Mendeleevsk District, Republic of Tatarstan, Russian Federation). The plant’s location facilitated its rapid development due to a number of factors, including a cheap labour force, the availability of raw materials, and the absence of local competition. However, the factory’s development came in conjunction with the deterioration of the environment and subsequent health problems for employees and the surrounding population. Conflicts connected with the Kokshan works illustrate differences between this case and similar examples in Russia and Europe. In Viatka Province, the local community remained mostly silent regarding these issues, and made no demands for improving sanitary control and working conditions or reducing pollution; rather, it was distant activists who personally suffered no harm who intervened in the interest of social justice. The history of the company reflects the contrast between the transfer of European technological innovations to Russia and laborious efforts to increase national wealth on the one hand, and the exploitation of the environment and endangerment of workers’ health on the other. 相似文献
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化学战剂检测技术的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据文献报道,评述了1979-2009年以来化学战剂测定方法的研究。介绍了不同维数化学传感器的基本原理,及其在化学战剂检测中的应用(引用文献54篇)。 相似文献
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Under constant external conditions, chemical reactions may also proceed in a rhythmic manner. The kinetic mechanisms responsible for such oscillations prove to be unexpectedly complicated. It can nevertheless be demonstrated that chemical periodicity is caused by certain kinds of coupling between simultaneous reactions or transport processes. A general survey of the chemistry and phenomenology of the principal chemical oscillations is followed by a discussion of the situations leading to periodic reactions on the basis of the multivariable kinetics of feedback systems. Autocatalysis and autoinhibition play an important role, as also do kinetic instability and spatial propagation. 相似文献
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This article reviewed recent progresses in the design of a new class of chemical oscillators and developed a generic model that could qualitatively reproduce those photochemical oscillations seen in experiments. The two oscillators discussed in this report are based on the photolysis of 1,4-benzoquinone and its derivatives, in which external illumination is vital in initiating and sustaining the reaction processes. Nonlinear behavior in these two photo-controlled chemical oscillators are analyzed as a function of light intensity and the initial concentration of reagents including 1,4-benzoquinone, 1,4-hydroquinone, 2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, bromate, and sulfuric acid. A generic model proposed initially for the uncatalyzed bromate-aromatic compound reactions was modified here to account for the photolysis of 1,4-benzoquinone or 2-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone. The modified model qualitatively reproduced chemical oscillations and their dependence on light intensity. 相似文献