热致性共聚酯液晶的研究——以双酚-对苯二甲酸酯为间隔段

热致性共聚酯液晶由于具有优异的热、机械及加工等性能,引起人们对其应用及基础研究的重视。本实验室曾对以不同长度碳链为软间隔段的共聚酯进行了研究,在产物介晶单元含量不高(约20％)时即可表现出明显液晶性。本文选用以双酚A(BPA)或双酚S(BPS)-对苯二甲酸酯为间隔段进行了研究。     

间接液相色谱电化学法测定酯类化合物

本文用间接液相色谱电化学的方法对非电活性的酯类混合物甲酸甲酯、甲酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯和乙酸乙酯进行了分离和测定,其线性范围分别是3.2×10~(-9)～4.4×10~(-8)mol、2.4×10~(-9)～2.8×10~(-8)mol、2.0×10~(-9)～4.0×10~(-8)mol和2.2×10~(-9)～2.4×10~(-8)mol。对甲酸甲酯8次平行测定的相对标准偏差为0.89％。     

新吖啶酯发光剂测定过氧化氢的研究

本文报道了新发光剂氟磺酸-10-甲基-9-(对甲酰基苯基)羧酸吖啶酯测定饮用水和降水中H_2O_2的研究。该方法无需任何催化剂,选择性好,灵敏度高,检测限达1.2×10~(-9)mol/L,线性范围宽(3×10~(-9)～1×10~(-2)mol/L),测定5×10~(-9)mol/L和6.6×10~(-7)mol/L H_2O_2时,相对标准偏差分别为3.2％和1.6％。     

黄原胶分子量的研究

Dintzis曾用经典光散射法测得经90℃、4 mool/L尿素处理3h的黄原胶分子量为2×10~6,不加热的分子量为13×10~6和50×10~6,但未知确切数据.Rinaudo和Milas以相同的方法在l×10~(-3)～l mool/L的氯化钠溶液中测得黄原胶的分子量为2×10~6.Southwick用动态光散射法在4 mol/L尿素中测出其分子量为2.16×10~6.G Holzwarth用透射电镜测出分子量为4×10~6～20×10~6之后,他又通过测定沉降系数和特性粘数,由MFS等式算出黄原胶原始分子量为15×10~6.可见,虽然实验方法和样品不同,但仍可确定其分子量在2×10~650×10~6之间。     

嵌有长聚醚软段液晶共聚酯的合成

本文用对苯二甲酰氯、对苯二酚、己二醇及分子量为1000或2000的聚丁二醇醚,经溶液缩聚制备了嵌段聚醚聚酯,其介晶单元含量只为21.2重量％(或37.5mol％)即可在宽的温度范围内呈现明显的液晶性.~1H-NMR谱表明,产物的聚酯段呈嵌段微观序列分布.     

还原氧化石墨烯-多壁碳纳米管复合膜负载金纳米粒子修饰玻碳电极检测双酚A

以水合肼为还原剂,采用均相还原法制备还原氧化石墨烯-多壁碳纳米管复合材料(rGO-MWCNTs),通过滴涂法将其修饰到玻碳电极(GCE)表面.以此复合材料为载体,采用电化学方法制备了金纳米粒子-还原氧化石墨烯-多壁碳纳米管复合膜修饰电极(AuNPs-rGO-MWCNTs/GCE).通过扫描电镜(SEM)、EDS能谱技术和电化学方法对此电极进行了表征.研究了双酚A在修饰电极上的电化学行为.结果表明,此电极对双酚A的电极过程具有良好的电化学活性,在0.10 mol/L PBS溶液(pH 7.0)中,微分脉冲伏安法测定双酚A的线性范围为5.0 × 10-9~1.0 × 10-7 mol/L和1.0 × 10-7~2.0 × 10-5 mol/L,检出限为1.0 ×10-9 mol/L(S/N=3). 将此电极用于模拟水样和超市购物小票样品中双酚A含量的测定,加标回收率分别为97%~110%和98%~104%.     

KPS—CuSO4—Na2SO3参与的无皂液聚合

研究了MMA-St在氧化还原引发剂KPS-CuSO_4-Na_2SO_3存在下的快速无皂乳液聚合.当[MMA]=0.51mol/L、[St]=0.49 mol/L、70℃对,在[KPS]=2.77×10~(-3)mol/L、[CuSO_4]=1.50×10~(-5)mol/L、[Na_2SO_3]=2.77×10~(-3) mol/L条件下反应100min,转化率大于90％;讨论了胶乳的分子量及其分布;求出了聚合反应活化能E_a=81.6 kJ/mol和聚合反应速率常数k_p=321.9 L/mol·s.     

三维荧光光谱法连续测定苯胺、二苯胺和N-甲基苯胺

本文比较了苯胺、二苯胺、N-甲基苯胺的二维荧光光谱和三维荧光光谱。提出了同时测定苯胺,二苯胺和N甲基苯胺的分析方法,它们的浓度分别在2.0×10~(-7)～5.0×10~(-6)mol/L,9.0×10~(-8)～7.4×10~(-6)mol/L,1.3×10~(-7)～2.0×10~(-8)mol/L范围内有良好的线性关系,检出限为1.0×10~(-7)mol/L,8.0×10~(-9)mol/L,1.0×10~(-7)mol/L.相对标准偏差分别为5％,7％,7％.此方法用于混合样品和工业废水的分析,获得较满意的结果.     

聚2,5-呋喃二甲酸乙二醇酯的合成与表征

以2,5-呋喃二甲酸和乙二醇为原料,草酸亚锡为催化剂,通过直接酯化法合成了线性高分子量聚2,5-呋喃二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEF).运用红外光谱(FTIR)和核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)表征了该聚酯的结构;由乌氏黏度计法和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)建立了该聚酯在一种混合溶剂体系中特性黏数和重均分子量的关系:[η]=2.82×10-6Mw0.99dL/g,25℃,苯酚-四氯乙烷(1∶1,W/W);示差扫描量热法(DSC)和热失重分析(TGA)测定了该聚酯的热转变性能,结果表明该聚酯玻璃化转变温度为84℃,熔点为211℃,起始热分解温度高于370℃,具有良好的热稳定性;运用旋转流变仪研究了PEF的流变性能,结果表明,PEF熔体属于假塑性流体,随相对分子量的减小和温度升高,其非牛顿指数增大,在高于PEF熔点20～40℃,剪切速率为2.17×10-2～1.14×102s-1时,PEF的非牛顿指数为0.85左右.     

HDI作为扩链剂合成含PLLA和PBS链段的聚酯氨酯

以数均分子量为6350g/mol端羟基聚L-乳酸(PLLA-OH)与10500g/mol端羟基聚丁二酸丁二酯(PBS-OH)为预聚物,六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)为扩链剂,通过熔融反应制备了分子量高达30×104g/mol的可完全生物降解聚酯氨酯(PEU).研究了异氰酸根(NCO)与羟基比例对扩链反应的影响.结果表明,当[NCO]/[OH]=1∶1时,扩链效果最好,PEU分子量最大;PEU分子量随着预聚物中PBS含量增大而提高.通过核磁共振谱(1H-NMR)确定了PEU的结构与组成,并对聚酯氨酯进行了凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、差示扫描量热(DSC)、热重分析(TGA)以及拉伸性能测试.DSC结果显示,扩链后PEU的结晶主要由PBS链段产生,而PLLA链段几乎不结晶;TGA结果表明,PEU的热降解分两步进行,第一步为PEU中PLLA链段的热降解,第二段为其中PBS链段的降解;拉伸测试结果表明,PBS与PLLA的共聚能够制备拉伸强度与断裂伸长率优异的聚合物材料.     

含二羟基二苯酮的系列热致液晶共聚酯的合成和表征──Ⅲ．含4，4＇－二羟基二苯砜结构的共聚酯

含二羟基二苯酮的系列热致液晶共聚酯的合成和表征──Ⅲ．含４，４＇－二羟基二苯砜结构的共聚酯董德文，池振国，倪玉山，丁孟贤（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所长春１３００２２）陈玉（东北师范大学分析测试中心长春１３００２４）关键词４，４＇－二羟基二苯酮，热致...     

含二羟基二苯酮的系列热致液晶共聚酯的合成和表征──Ⅲ．含4，4＇－二羟基二苯砜结构的共聚酯

hermotropic liquid crystalline copolyesters were synthsized from his(4-hydroxyphenyl) methanone (BHP), tereplithalic acid (TPA), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHB) and dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone(DPS). The properties of the copolyesters were characterized by polarized microscope with a hot stage, wide angle X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that the copolyesters containing the BHP exhibit nematic liquid crystallinity.     

Thermotropic copolyesters having ordered comonomer sequences and flexible spacers

A series of new copolyesters having ordered comonomer sequences were synthesized via multistep routes and their properties such as glass transition (T_g) and melting temperatures (T_m), crystallization tendency, and mesomorphic properties were compared with those of the corresponding random copolyesters. All of the present copolyesters contain 1,8-octamethylene or 1,10-decamethylene spacers and hydroquinone (HQ) and terephthalic acid (TPA) moieties. In general, both melting and clearing temperatures of the ordered sequence copolyesters were much higher than those of the random counterparts. Crystallization tendency, however, was comparable. All of the present copolyesters are thermotropic and form nematic phase in melts. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Synthesis and optical and electrochemical properties of thermotropic,liquid‐crystalline,semirigid copolyesters based on 2,5‐diphenyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole units

Novel thermotropic liquid‐crystalline (LC) copolyesters were prepared with three disubstituted (4,4′‐, 3,4′‐, and 3,3′‐) dioxydiundecanol derivatives of terphenyl analogues of 1,3,4‐thiadiazole [2,5‐diphenyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole (DPTD)], and their optical and electrochemical properties were examined. Their structures were characterized with Fourier transform infrared, ¹H NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analyses. The thermal and mesomorphic properties of the copolyesters were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry measurements, polarized microscopy observations, and X‐ray analyses; the data suggested that these copolymers formed LC smectic or nematic phases. The mesomorphic tendency decreased in the following order: 4,4′‐DPTD and 3,4′‐DPTD copolyesters > 4,4′‐DPTD and 3,3′‐DPTD copolyesters > 3,4′‐DPTD and 3,3′‐DPTD copolyesters. Solution and solid‐state ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) and photoluminescence spectra indicated that the copolyesters displayed maximum absorbances and blue emissions according to the DPTD unit; the peak maxima of absorption and emission spectra of the copolyesters shifted to lower wavelengths in the aforementioned order for the LC properties. Cyclic voltammetry measurements indicated that the electrochemical band gaps of the polyesters estimated from the onset of reduction and oxidation processes were almost the same as the optical band gaps determined from the solid‐state UV–vis spectral data. The DPTD unit enhanced the hole‐injection barrier and improved the charge‐injection balance in these polyesters. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 1511–1525, 2005     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AROMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALLINE COPOLYESTERS WITH REGULAR SEQUENCE STRUCTURE

Several novel aromatic liquid crystalline copolyesters with regular sequence structure were prepared by melt Sehotten-Baumann polycondensation via complex monomer. Polarizing microscope with hot stage, thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction were used to investigate the structure and properties of the copolyesters. The effects of structural units, such as flexible spacer, noncolinear meta-linked phenylene unit, crankshaft unit, kink with flexible bridging unit and various substituted benzene rings on melting temperature of aromatic copolyesters were studied and discussed on the basis of crystalline structure of the polymers.     

STUDIES ON THERMOTROPIC LIQUID CRYSTALLINE COPOLYESTERS:POLY (ARYLENE TEREPHTHALATECO-HEXAMETHYLENE TEREFHTHALATE)

A series of copolyesters based on terephthaloyl chloride, hexamethylene glycol and hydroquinone or chlorohydroquinone were prepared. The copolymers showed composition-dependent liquid crystalline properties as verified by visual observation of stir-opalescence, polarizing microscope and DSC. The copolyesters with aromatic diol contents over a certain extent (x≥0.2) were thermotropic with wide liquid crystalline temperature ranges. Comparing with the copolyesters based on butylene glycol or ethylene glycol, the minimum fraction of aromatic diol (x value) used to get the liquid crystallinity for all these copolyesters is around 0.2 regardless of the chain lengths of aliphatic glycols. ~1H-NMP studies revealed that copolyesters have microstructure of block sequence distribution and the mesogenie segments shorter than triad with three phenyl nuclei will not provide the liquid crystallinity.     

Partially renewable copolyesters prepared from acetalized d‐glucitol by solid‐state modification of poly(butylene terephthalate)

The backbone of poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) was modified with 2,4:3,5‐di‐O‐methylene‐D ‐glucitol (Glux) using solid‐state modification (SSM). The obtained copolyesters proved to have a non‐random overall chemical microstructure. The thermal properties of these semicrystalline, block‐like, Glux‐based materials were extraordinary, showing higher melting points, and glass transition temperatures compared with other sugar‐based copolyesters prepared by SSM. These remarkable thermal properties were a direct result of the inherently rigid structure of Glux and the relatively slow randomization of the block‐like chemical microstructure of the Glux‐based copolyesters in the melt. SSM proved to be a versatile tool for preparing partially biobased copolyesters with superior thermal properties. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014 , 52, 164–177     

Novel poly(butylene succinate-co-lactic acid) copolyesters: Synthesis, crystallization, and enzymatic degradation

A series of aliphatic biodegradable poly(butylene succinate-co-dl-lactide) (PBSLA) copolyesters were synthesized with the aim of improving the degradation rate of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) by incorporation of dl-oligo(lactic acid) (OLA) into the PBS molecular chains. The composition and sequential structure of the aliphatic copolyesters were investigated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectroscopy. The crystallization behaviors, the crystal structure and morphology of the copolyesters were investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and polarizing optical microscopy (POM), respectively. The results indicate that the crystallization of the copolyesters was restricted by the incorporation of lactide (LA) units, which further tuned the mechanical properties of the copolyesters. The copolyesters could form complete spherulites and exhibit the same crystal structure as that of PBS. Enzymatic study indicated that the copolyesters with higher content of LA units degraded faster, and the degradation began in the amorphous regions and then in the crystalline regions. The morphology and the resulting degradation products of the copolyesters were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ¹H NMR analysis during the degradation process.     

热致液晶性聚合物——含萘环主成分为对羟基苯甲酸的全芳香族共聚酯

由对乙酰氧基苯甲酸、对苯二酚二乙酯、2,6-萘二甲酸及间苯二甲酸四种单体通过熔融缩聚反应,合成了全芳香族四组分共聚酯。在一定的组成范围内,共聚酯熔体有很好的液晶性。本文重点讨论了聚合物的组成与性质的关系,热谱特征和液晶相行为。     

ABA triblock copolyesters composed of poly(l-lactide) A hard blocks: A comparative study of amorphous and crystalline aliphatic polyesters as B soft blocks

In this article, two series of ABA triblock copolyesters composed of poly(l-lactide) A hard blocks and odd-odd aliphatic polyesters as B soft midblock were prepared and compared by various techniques. The results showed that the block structures could be formed without any detectable transesterification, and the composition and molecular weight of the triblock copolyesters could be well controlled by adjusting the feeding ratio of l-lactide monomer to the polyester macroinitiator. It was found that the thermal properties, crystal structure, and spherulitic morphology of the triblock copolyesters depended on the composition and block length. The impact of amorphous and crystalline midblocks on the mechanical properties was compared and discussed. The triblock copolyesters composed of crystalline midblock showed similar ultimate stress and elongation, but higher tensile modulus and yield stress, in comparison with analogous containing amorphous midblock. The triblock copolyester composed of short PLLA hard block and amorphous aliphatic polyester soft midblock displayed typical elastomeric behavior without yield, which is a promising aliphatic polyester thermoplastic elastomer.