Ni/Al2O3催化剂上甲烷部分氧化制合成气

本研究了Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的表面特征以及其与ＣＨ４部分氧化制合成气反应性能的关系。ＴＰＲ，ＸＲＤ和评价结果表明，催化剂Ｎｉ组分含量在９．０％时反应性能最佳，反应过程中催化剂表面上部有部分镍氧化物在５２０～５４０℃就还原，反应条件实验表明，在１１．５２×１０＾５ ｍｌ．ｇ＾－１下，随着反应管外控制温度的升高，ＣＨ４转化率，ＣＯ和Ｈ２选择性及收率增加，在７００℃下，随着原料气空速的增加，ＣＨ４转     

Li—Ni—La—O系复合氧化物催化剂上甲烷氧化偶联的研究

考察了Ｌｉ－Ｎｉ－Ｌａ－Ｏ系催化剂的组成、结构及反应条件对甲烷氧化偶联反应活性的影响。在７８０℃、ＣＨ４：Ｏ２：Ｎ２＝２：１：７、空速１５０００ｈ＾－１时，Ｃ２烃收率可达２５．８％。ＸＲＤ、ＩＲ、ＸＰＳ及ＳＥＭ等的结构分析表明，在ＬｉＬａ１－ｘＮｉｘＯ２催化剂中，当０．１≤ｘ≤０．９时，该催化剂由ＬｉＮｉＯ２和Ｌａ２Ｎｉ１－ｙＬｉｙＯ４－λ两相组成，ｘ＜０．３时出现了ＬｉＬａＯ２相，Ｌａ２Ｎｉ１－     

Ni／Al2O3催化剂上甲烷部分氧化制合成气

研究了Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂对甲烷部分氧化制合成气的反应性能．结果表明，催化剂在其活性组份Ｎｉ为１０％时反应性能最好．条件实验表明，在６００～９００℃范围内，甲烷转化率和ＣＯ、Ｈ２的选择性随温度升高而增加；转化率和选择性在甲烷空速≤１．５×１０５ｈ－１时基本不变，空速＞１．５×１０５ｈ－１时，转化率和选择性有所下降．随着压力的增加（０．０５～０．４０ＭＰａ），转化率和选择性下降．ＳＥＭ和化学分析结果证明在反应过程中，Ｎｉ组份存在烧结和流失现象．     

甲烷部分氧化制合成气的研究

考察了镍基和钴基催化剂催化甲烷在自放热条件下部分氧化制合成气。结果表明，在较高的空速条件下，反应一旦引发即可停止供热，仅靠反应自身放出的热量就能维持反应的继续进行：Ｎｉ／Ｌａ２Ｏ３催化剂中的镍负载量大于１０％后，镍负载量对催化活性无明显的影响；ＣＨ４的转化率及Ｈ２和ＣＯ的选择性均随空速和反应温度的增加而提高；对Ｎｉ／ＺｒＯ２和Ｃｏ／ＺｒＯ２催化剂，反应进行到６－１２ｈ时，ＣＨ４转化经最高；但对Ｎｉ     

甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应中催化剂积炭的研究(英文)

Ｎｉ／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３催化剂上甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应是在固定床流动反应装置上进行的。考察了催化剂的床层温度、反应压力、空速和原料气配比对催化剂积炭产生的影响。实验结果表明,积炭速率随催化剂床层温度的升高而降低,当温度低于７０℃时,积炭速率骤增：积炭总是发生在催化剂床层的下段;若空速超过３．０×１０~５ｈ~（－１）,积炭速率随空速增加而明显降低。从ＦＴＩＲ实验结果可知,吸附在Ｎｉ／Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３催化剂表面上的ＣＯ,一部分歧化生成了ＣＯ_２和Ｃ。综上所述,催化剂表面积炭主要来源于以下两个反应： ２ＣＯ→Ｃ＋ＣＯ_２,ＣＯ＋Ｈ_２　＝ Ｃ＋Ｈ_２Ｏ     

Ni/Al2O3催化剂上甲烷部分氧化制合成气反应机理

用变应答／质谱在线检测技术研究了Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上甲烷部分氧化制合成气的反应要理，研究结果指出，在常压９７３Ｋ条件下，Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上甲烷部分氧化制合成气按直接氧化机理进行，Ｈ２和Ｃ烛甲烷部分氧化的一次产物，其主要反应可表示如下：１．ＣＨ４＋ｘＮｉ－ＮｉｘＣ＋２Ｈ２，２．Ｏ２＋２Ｎｉ－２ＮｉＯ，３．ＮｉｘＣ＋ＮｉＯ－ＣＯ＋（ｘ＋１）Ｎｉ。     

甲烷部分氧化制合成气Ⅳ．镍铜催化剂的反应性能及影响因素的考察

对镍铜甲烷部分氧化催化剂的制备化学研究表明，在Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＳｉＯ２、ＭｇＯ、ＴｉＯ２、Ｙ型分子筛等载体中，具有较好氢溢流功能的Ａｌ２Ｏ３所担载的镍铜催化剂，有最佳的反应性能，载体的产物溢流功能对反应中合成气的生成是有利的．对于ＮｉＯ－ＣｕＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂，组分Ｃｕ的最佳含量是Ｃｕ／Ａｌ＝０．２／４（原子比），Ｎｉ／Ａｌ（原子比）在１／４－１．５／４范围内催化剂均保持最佳的反应性能，此时，甲烷转化率为９８．１％，对ＣＯ、Ｈ２的选择性分别达９７％、１００％．制备方法对催化性能影响的结果显示，以（ＮＨ４）２ＣＯ３为沉淀剂的共沉淀法，是制备ＮｉＯ－ＣｕＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的最佳方法．ＮｉＯ－ＣｕＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的甲烷部分氧化性能在４００－５００℃间有一突跃，并在７００℃时达到最佳值；过高的反应气空速对ＣＯ、Ｈ２的选择性是不利的     

甲烷氧化偶联制乙烯La2O3—BaO体系催化剂稳定性的研究

研究了甲烷氧化偶联制乙烯高选择性Ｌａ２Ｏ３－ＢａＯ体系催化剂的稳定性．在８００℃、ＣＨ４空速１００００ｈ－１、ＣＨ４／Ｏ２＝８．０～８．３的条件下，催化剂稳定运转了５００ｈ，ＣＨ４转化率和Ｃ２选择性分别为≥１８％和≥８０％．ＸＲＤ和ＸＰＳ分析表明，该催化剂物相稳定，表面Ｌａ／Ｂａ原子浓度之比随反应时间的增加而稍有增加，有利于催化剂活性和选择性的稳定．     

Ni／Al2O3上甲烷二氧化碳氧气转化制备合成气的研究

在固定床流动反应装置上，从活性组分的负载量，载体的焙烧温度、反应温度，空速等几个方面考察了Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂对ＣＨ４－ＣＯ２－Ｏ２转化制备合成气的催化活性，发现采用１１００℃焙烧的γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３载体制备的镍负载量为９．１７ｗ％的Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂。     

单茂钛催化剂的丙烯无规聚合反应及其动力学研究

比较了不同钛化合物／甲基铝氧烷（ＭＡＯ）催化体系的丙烯无规聚合，催化活性次序为ＣｐＴｉ（ＯＲ）３＞ＣｐＴｉ（ＯＰｈ）３＞ＣｐＴｉＣｌ３＞Ｃｐ２ＴｉＣｌ２＞Ｔｉ（ＯＢｕ）４＞ＴｉＣｌ４＞Ｔｉ（ＯＢｕ）２Ｃｌ２，所得聚丙烯用沸庚烷抽提８ｈ，溶解９５％以上，可溶部分经１３Ｃ ＮＭＲ、ＷＡＤＸ、ＦＴＩＲ等分析证明为无规聚丙烯（ａＰＰ），是没有结晶性的弹性体．ＧＰＣ测出其分子量Ｍｗ＝８．０～１０．０×１０４，Ｍｗ／Ｍｎ≈２．０．探索了催化体系ＣｐＴｉ（Ｏ ｎ Ｐｒ）３／ＭＡＯ中钛的浓度、［Ａｌ］／［Ｔｉ］摩尔比，丙烯聚合压力，聚合温度和时间对丙烯聚合反应的影响．研究了该催化体系丙烯聚合反应动力学规律，表观聚合反应速率对催化剂浓度和单体压力（浓度）都呈一级反应关系，表观聚合速率常数ＫＰ＝２９２×１０５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ·ｈ（４０℃）．活化能ΔＥ＝－７．８８×１０３Ｊ·ｍｏｌ－１，碰撞因子Ａ＝１．４１×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ·ｈ．     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.