聚乙烯醇存在下锇(Ⅱ)-氯化亚锡-结晶紫体系超高灵敏显色反应的研究

本文研究了聚乙烯醇存在下锇(Ⅱ)-氯化亚锡-结晶紫体系的超高灵敏显色反应。反应物λ_(max)=555nm,ε_(555)=1.52×10~6L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。锇含量为(0～4.8)μg/25ml时符合比尔定律。对共存离子的干扰和分离进行了实验,拟定的方法可用于矿石和一些含低品位锇物料的分析。     

在阳离子表面活性剂存在下锇与对硝基苯基荧光酮显色反应的研究

本文研究了在CTMAB存在下锇的分光光度测定新方法。络合物最大吸收峰位于570nm,摩尔吸光系数ε_(570)=1.0×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。反应的pH为7.2～7.8。锇含量在0～7.0μg/10mL范围内服从比尔定律。锇在络合物中与p-NPF的摩尔比有1:1、1:2两种。采用蒸馏法锇能与所有金属离子分离,使该测定锇的方法具有专一性。用于人工合成样及矿样的分析结果满意。对显色反应机理进行了初步探讨。     

贵金属高灵敏显色反应的研究 (Ⅳ)钯(Ⅱ)-碘化钾-罗丹明 B-聚乙烯醇体系

金(Ⅲ)-碘化钾-罗丹明B(Rh-B)体系的显色反应在明胶和抗坏血酸(V_c)存在下形成水溶性离子缔合型络合物,摩尔吸光系数ε=2.3×10~5l·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。钯(Ⅱ)的类似体系的灵敏度与金(Ⅲ)相近。就钯(Ⅱ)来说,发现用聚乙烯醇(PVA)替换明胶则显色反应的灵敏度明显增高,其ε=6.5×10~5l·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。因此,本文详细研究了Pd~(2+)-KI-RhB-PVA体系的最佳显色条件,拟定了测定痕量钯的高灵敏分光光度法。     

α,β,γ,δ-四-(羟基苯)卟吩与锌离子络合物光度特性的研究

为探讨羟基苯卟吩与锌离子络合物的光度特性,对三种新合成的卟啉化合物与锌离子的显色反应分别作了研究和比较。实验表明T-(3-HP)P所生成的络合物的灵敏度最高,其表观摩尔吸光系数达4.76×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。本文还就试剂的分子结构与显色反应的某些规律作了初步的讨论。     

贵金属高灵敏显色反应的研究 Ⅸ.铑(Ⅲ)-碘化钾-丁基罗丹明B-阿拉伯胶-TritonX-100体系

本文研究了在阿拉伯胶和TritonX-100参与下,铑(Ⅲ)与碘化钾、丁基罗丹明B形成离子缔合物的超高灵敏显色反应,缔合物的最大吸收在590nm,摩尔吸光系数为1.8×10~6l·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。铑(Ⅲ)含量在4—70ng/ml范围内遵从比尔定律。研究了二十余种外来离子的干扰。拟定的方法可用于镍中痕量铑的直接测定。     

不对称变色酸双偶氮胂类试剂与铋—钪的共显色反应及分光光度测定铋的研究

本文研究了十种变色酸双偶氮胂类试剂与铋—钪的共显色反应,发现其中三溴偶氮胂等五种试剂与铋—钪有共显色反应。铋、钪与试剂生成的配合物的表现摩尔吸光系数为9.4×10~4L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。大量的常见离子不干扰铋的测定,可不经分离直接测定合金中的微量铋。     

新显色剂4,4′-二偶氮苯重氮氨基偶氮苯测定水中微量锌的研究

本文报告在四硼酸钠体系中和Triton X-100存在下,锌与新显色剂4,4′-二偶氮苯重氮氨基偶氮苯有灵敏的显色反应。红色络合物在525nm处摩尔吸光系数为1.63×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),并研究了测定锌的各种条件和40余种共存离子对测定的影响。     

铱(Ⅲ)-氯化亚锡-罗丹明B高灵敏显色反应的研究——浮选光度法测定铱

本文对采用铱(Ⅲ)-氯化亚锡-罗丹明B高灵敏显色体系浮选光度法测定铱进行了研究。表观摩尔吸光系数ε553nm=4.77×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),铱含量在0～18.0μg/25ml范围内符合比耳定律。对外来离子的干扰和分离进行了研究,拟定的方法可用于一些低品位物料中铱的分析。     

贵金属高灵敏显色反应的研究(Ⅰ) 金(Ⅲ)-碘化钾-丁基罗丹明B-明胶体系

贵金属已知的显色反应中,除萃取浮选的以外,摩尔吸光系数(ε)达到或超过2×10~5I·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)者为数甚少。就金来说,目前以乙基硫代米嗤酮的灵敏度最高(ε=1.95×10~5l·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)),甲基硫代米嗤酮次之(ε=1.6×10~5l·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1))。碱性染料如罗丹明B与AuCl_4~-缔合萃取显色反应ε=9.7×10~4l·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)。有关金(Ⅲ)-碘化钾-碱性染料体系显色反应仍未见报道。我们发现在明胶、TritonX-100和抗坏血酸存在下Au(Ⅲ)与KI、罗丹明B特别是丁基罗丹明B的显色反应具有很高的灵敏度,有色络合物的摩尔吸光系数分别为2.3×10~5l.mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)(罗丹明B)和1.2×10~6l·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1)(丁基罗丹明B),特别是后者,ε值之高实属罕见,故我们称之为超高灵敏显色反应。     

碘化物-碱性呫吨染料-聚乙烯醇体系高灵敏分光光度法测定铊

研究了在聚乙烯醇存在下,铊(Ⅲ)与碘化钾和罗丹明B,罗丹明6G、乙基罗丹明B、丁基罗丹明B碱性呫吨染料形成离子缔合物的显色反应,讨论了铊(Ⅲ)-碘化钾-罗丹明B-聚乙烯醇体系的反应条件和分析特性,ε_(585)=7.03×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),此法可用于水样中微量铊的测定。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。