高效液相色谱法同时测定烟用水基胶中的甲醛和乙醛

建立了用高效液相色谱法同时测定卷烟胶中甲醛、乙醛的分析方法。卷烟胶用去离子水提取,在酸性条件下,经2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)衍生后,衍生物直接用HPLC法检测。结果表明:该方法的标准曲线在相关浓度范围内呈良好线性关系,甲醛、乙醛的检出限分别为3.6、6.2μg/L,阶醛、乙醛的样品回收率分别为98.38%~103.11%,89.37%~90.12%,相对标准偏差均小于6%。     

高效液相色谱法测定密胺餐具中甲醛单体迁移量

采用高效液相色谱法测定密胺餐具中的甲醛迁移量。样品经乙酸(4+96)溶液浸泡提取后,加入2,4-二硝基苯肼,与浸泡液中的甲醛反应生成2,4-二硝基苯腙,以C18色谱柱为分离柱,以甲醇-水(7+3)溶液为流动相进行等度洗脱,检测波长为350 nm。甲醛的质量浓度在0.01~40.0 mg·L-1范围内呈线性,测定下限(10S/N)为0.01 mg·L-1。对空白样品进行加标回收试验,回收率在99.8%~101%之间,相对标准偏差(n=10)均不大于0.6%。方法适用于密胺餐具中甲醛迁移量的检测。     

高效液相色谱法测定卷烟爆珠中的甲醛与乙醛

基于自主设计的一种新型的集萃取、过滤和转移功能为一体的样品萃取管,建立了高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定卷烟爆珠中甲醛和乙醛的分析方法。爆珠用乙腈水溶液萃取,在酸性条件下,经2,4-二硝基苯肼衍生化后,衍生物直接用HPLC法测定。结果表明:采用改进的样品萃取管可大大简化前处理步骤,甲醛和乙醛分别在8~1 500μg/L与10~1 650μg/L范围内呈较好的线性关系,相关系数(r~2)大于0.999,检出限分别为2.5、2.8μg/L,定量下限分别为8.0、9.5μg/L;在2.0、5.0、10.0μg/g 3个加标水平下的平均回收率为96.9%~101.1%,日内精密度和日间精密度均小于4%。该方法具有较好的重复性,适用于卷烟爆珠中甲醛和乙醛的测定。     

UHPLC测定盐酸氟西汀原料药中甲醛及其测量不确定度评定

采用超快速液相色谱(UHPLC)建立了快速测定盐酸氟西汀原料药中甲醛残留的方法。样品经50%乙腈-水溶液提取,酸性条件下与2,4-二硝基苯肼发生衍生化反应,采用超快速液相色谱仪外标法测定盐酸氟西汀原料药中甲醛的含量,添加量为5～20μg/g时,平均回收率为96.8%～99.0%。评估了测量方法的不确定度。盐酸氟西汀原料药中甲醛含量的测量结果表示为(7.40±0.46)μg/g,k=2。方法适用于盐酸氟西汀中甲醛的快速检测。     

HPLC法测定食用香菇中的甲醛

建立了用高效液相色谱测定食用香菇中甲醛的方法。将食用香菇用水提取,提取液经2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)衍生后,用高效液相色谱法测定其中的甲醛。外标法定量测定时,甲醛标准溶液的峰面积与样品质量浓度在10．7～856μg／L范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性回归系数(r2)为0．9998,方法的检出限为8．2μg／L。所测定的6种香菇样品中甲醛的平均加标回收率为72％～93％;相对标准偏差为1％～8％。除了一种野生香菇样品未检出外,其它5种市售香菇样品中甲醛的质量分数为34～292mg／kg。     

反相离子对高效液相色谱法测定蔬菜中多菌灵残留量

建立了一种用HPLC测定蔬菜中多菌灵残留量的分析方法。样品中多菌灵经甲醇提取,在pH 1~2时用二氯甲烷液液净化,水相调至弱碱性,再用二氯甲烷提取,提取液经浓缩,癸烷磺酸钠离子对试剂处理后,用HPLC-DAD分离测定,外标法定量。对于50 g样品,定容至10 mL,进样量20μL,检出限为0.05mg/kg,样品回收率>80%,RSD<10%,能满足农药残留分析的要求。     

小麦粉中甲醛(吊白块)的测定方法研究

对小麦粉中甲醛提取方法、甲醛与2,4-二硝基苯肼的衍生化反应条件以及甲醛衍生物的提取净化方法进行了研究, 建立了一种小麦粉中甲醛(吊白块)的高压液相色谱测定方法.该方法在甲醛浓度为0.026～0.832 μg/mL范围内与其衍生物的色谱峰面积呈显著线性相关, 相关系数r=0.9986. 小麦粉中甲醛不同添加量的平均回收率＞99%;吊白块不同添加量的平均回收率＞94%(以甲醛量计). 重复测定相对标准偏差平均为4.5%, 甲醛的检出限为9.6 μg/L, 相当于小麦粉中甲醛的最小检出量为0.24 mg/kg.     

高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中甲醛

建立了柱前衍生化、高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定化妆品中甲醛的方法。样品用乙腈溶解,加水稀释后于旋盖离心管中振荡提取2 h,离心后分取部分提取液与2,4-二硝基苯肼在弱酸条件下衍生反应,衍生物直接HPLC测定。以乙腈-水(65+35)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL.min-1,Supelco Discovery(C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)为分离柱,365 nm紫外波长下检测,在5.0,50.0及100.0μg.g-1甲醛的浓度水平作了精密度及回收率试验,回收率为70%~102%,相对标准偏差<5.0%,检出限为5.0μg.g-1。     

对2,4-二硝基苯腙法分析甲醛和乙醛酸混合样品的几点改进

甲醛和乙醛酸是乙醇胺、甘氨酸及其N-烷基化合物的热分解产物。用2,4-二硝基苯腙法测定低浓度羰基化合物的含量是目前经常采用的方法。但要用该法分别测定混合样品中甲醛和乙醛酸的含量是困难的,而且试剂处理也太繁琐。我们用稀盐酸水溶液代替无羰基的甲醇作溶剂,用分析纯的2,4-二硝基苯肼代替二次纯化试剂,配制的溶液用四氯化碳处理后直接使用,获得了满意的结果。甲醛、乙醛酸和试剂反应生成2,4-二硝基苯腙后,由于R基的不同,其亲水性有很大差异。用四氯化碳萃取,甲醛的2,4-二硝基苯腙到四氯化碳相,而乙醛酸的2,4-二硝基苯腙则仍留在水     

高效液相色谱法测定卷烟粘合剂中甲醛、乙醛的含量

提出了预衍生化高效液相色谱法测定卷烟粘合剂中甲醛、乙醛含量的方法。卷烟粘合剂中醛经纯净水提取,离心机离心后分取部分上层清液,与2,4-二硝基苯肼衍生反应,生成的甲醛和乙醛的2,4-二硝基苯腙,用C18柱进行分离,用乙腈与水的混合物作流动相。在358nm紫外波长下检测,用醛衍生物配制标准定量。甲醛和乙醛在0.10～10.0mg·mL-1范围内呈线性。甲醛加标回收率在98.3%～118.9%之间,乙醛加标回收率在79.2%～89.2%之间,相对标准偏差(n=5)均小于5%。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.