红薯与微量元素

红薯,又名叫地瓜、甘薯、番薯、白薯、甜薯、红苕、红芋等,属旋花科甘薯种、蔓生性草本植物,产量仅次于马铃薯,是世界十大农作物中第二位,我国从南到北、从东到西,广为种植,普遍食用。     

《化学分析计量》投稿须知

<正>1报道范围分析测试技术,计量行业的法规、政策、标准,标准物质的研制及应用,分析、计量仪器的新产品、新技术、新方法,仪器检定、使用、维修经验,相关专业管理技术、文献综述、专题讲座、专题评论、发展动态及相关信息等。2投稿要求(1)文章重点突出,条理清楚,语句通顺,文字简练,数据可靠,结论恰当,避免重复、繁琐,不用口语、俗语等。全文包括图表在内字数一般在5 000~10 000字为宜。(2)题名应准确、简洁、鲜明,一般不超过20个汉字。作者单位包括全称、所在地、邮编。若作者出自多个单位,应按作者标注的顺序分别列出,在各自单位名称前加"1."",2."",3."。     

蔬菜搭配与微量元素

人们都想了解和掌握必需微量元素和宏量元素含量配合较为均衡的蔬菜。根据专家们的研究发现,在人们食用的蔬菜中,含人体必需宏量元素和微量元素适量同时较为均衡的蔬菜有20多种,它们是：白萝卜、胡萝卜、小白菜、小青菜、油菜、蕹菜、白茱苔、蒜苗、油角豆、马兰头、韭菜、苦瓜、芪椰菜、莴苣笋（茎）、山药、芦笋、蒜苔、藕、红辣椒、青辣椒等,这些蔬菜所含的人体必需微量元素如：Fe、Me、Zn、Cu、Se等和人体必需宏量元素如K、Na、Ca、Mg等都是中等量,并且含量都是比较均衡,为人们日常调配饮食,购买、     

油页岩中微量元素赋存形态的研究

通过浮沉实验及脱灰实验对抚顺、龙口、茂名3种油页岩样中部分微量元素进行了赋存形态的研究。结果表明,浮沉实验所得微量元素的赋存状态结果与脱灰实验基本一致,抚顺、龙口、茂名3种油页岩中大部分微量元素以无机态赋存,但也有所区别,抚顺、龙口、茂名油页岩中的元素V、Mn、Zn、Sr、Mo、Ta以及抚顺油页岩中的Cr、Te,龙口油页岩中的Cd、Sn,茂名油页岩中的Cd、Sn、Pb,主要赋存于无机矿物中;茂名油页岩中的Cr、Te,抚顺油页岩中的Cd,龙口油页岩中的Pb有相对较多的比例富集于有机质部分;龙口、茂名油页岩中的元素Co,抚顺油页岩中的Co、Sn、Pb,更多地富集于黏土矿中,但也有少部分富集于有机质中。     

动能歧视-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定凉皮中多种元素

为快速、准确定量凉皮中多元素含量,采用微波消解法对凉皮样品进行消解处理,优化了ICP-MS仪器参数条件,选择适合的内标元素,运用动能歧视技术(KED)降低质谱干扰,利用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定凉皮中K、Ca、Mg、Be、V、Cr、Ni、As、Se、Mo、Ag、Cd、Sn、Pb、B、Al、Mn、Fe、Co、Cu、Ba及Hg等22种元素含量,各元素相关系数均大于0.995,检出限为0.002 1~6.5 μg/kg。并考察了方法的线性范围、检出限、准确性、稳定性、加标回收率。结果表明,KED-ICP-MS法测定凉皮中各元素的相对标准偏差(RSD)均在10%以内,方法加标回收率(n=6)在74.1%～120%,RSD值(n=6)在0.6%～8.1%,标准曲线线性关系良好(R2 = 0.995～0.999)。方法具有简便、快速、灵敏、准确的特点,适用于凉皮中多元素的高通量检测。     

微波消解-高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱(HR-ICP-MS)法测定原油中22种微量元素

准确测定原油中微量元素含量,对研究原油地球化学,揭示原油原产地信息,具有重要意义。本文采用HNO3微波消解原油样品,优化了样品质量、消解试剂、消解程序等微波消解条件,研究了原油中B、Mg、Al、P、Ti、Ca、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Ga、As、Sr、Mo、Cd、Sn、Ba、Pb共22种微量元素在低、中、高分辨率下的质谱干扰及校正方法,采用高分辨测定Ca,中分辨测定P、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Cd、Co、Sr,低分辨率模式测定其余元素,建立微波消解-高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱测定原油22种元素的方法。在优化的实验条件下,22种元素的线性相关系数均大于0.999,方法检出限为0.0002μg/g~0.07μg/g。选择原油多元素均质标准品（ConostanS-21）进行方法验证,B、Mg、Al、P、Ti、Ca、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、Mo、Cd、Sn、Ba、Pb元素测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.20%~2.80%,测定值与标准值基本一致;选择巴西原油、安哥拉原油、喀麦隆原油、尼日利亚原油进行Co、Ga、As、Sr元素加标回收试验,加标回收率为95.3%~104.3%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.2%~2.3%。选取巴西原油、安哥拉原油、喀麦隆原油、尼日利亚原油进行22种元素测定,分析了不同产地原油的元素含量差异。本方法能够应用于原油中多种微量元素的同时测定,灵敏度高,选择性好,检出限低,结果准确可靠,可为原油地球化学研究提供技术支持。     

原子吸收光谱法测定水生生物体内铜、锌、镍、铬、铅、镉

用硝酸-高氯酸体系消解螺蛳和水葫芦样品,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铜、锌、镍、铬,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定铅、镉。铜、锌、镍、铬、铅、镉的检出限分别为0.328、0.126、0.271、0.416、0.006 64、0.001 15 mg/kg,线性相关系数不小于0.999 0,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.1%~3.7%,加标回收率为86.0%~94.2%。     

透射电子显微镜

<正>日本电子JEM100-CXⅡ型透射电子显微镜透射电子显微镜(TEM)在材料科学、生物学上应用较多。由于投射电镜具有高分辨率、高性能,可应用于材料科学如物理、化学、化工、冶金、材料、半导体、地质、石油、纺织、轻工、考古、航天、外贸等方面的成分和结构分析;在生命科学如生物学、医学、药学、法医学、农业、林业,畜牧业,水产,环保,食品等方面进行生化物质定位。日本电子JEM100-CXⅡ型透射电子显微镜的晶格分辨率为2.04,最大放大倍率为20万倍,最大加速电压为100 kV。利用该仪器,可以观察纳米材料的粒径大小及分布、颗粒形貌,也可以     

气相色谱-质谱法测定艾叶挥发油化学成分

艾叶为菊科蒿属多年生草本植物艾的干燥叶,传统医学认为艾叶有理气血,逐寒湿、温经、止血、安胎等作用。现代研究证明,艾叶具有抗菌及抗病毒,平喘、镇咳及祛痰,止血及抗凝血,镇静及抗过敏,护肝利胆等作用。艾叶主要含挥发油、鞣质、黄酮类、甾醇类、多糖类和微量元素等成分。据文献报道艾叶挥发油中主要为桉油精、萜品烯醇、蒿醇、樟脑、龙     

《化学分析计量》征稿启事

<正>《化学分析计量》由中国兵器工业集团第五三研究所主办,是全国性分析测试、化学计量专业技术刊物,中国科技核心期刊,中国学术期刊综合评价数据库统计源期刊,中国仪器仪表学会分析仪器分会会刊,中国石油和化工行业优秀期刊,中国兵器工业优秀期刊,华东地区优秀期刊,入选美国CA千种表。国内统一刊号:CN 37–1315/O6,国际标准刊号:ISSN 1008–6145。双月刊,大16开本。单月20日出版。征稿范围:分析测试技术,计量行业的法规、政策、标准,标准物质的研制及应用,分析、计量仪器的新产品、新技术、新方法,仪器检定、使用、维修经验,相关专业管理技术、文献综述、专题讲座、专题评论、发展动态及相关信息等。投稿要求:(1)文章重点突出,条理清楚,语句通顺,文字简练,数据可靠,结论恰当,避免重复、繁琐,不用口语、     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。