辣根过氧化氢酶电极的研究

以辣根过氧化氢酶修饰电极采用循环伏安法对环境污染物对对苯二酚进行了测定 ,对测定条件进行了探索 ,该电极在 p H7,H2 O2 浓度为 1 0μmol· L-1时对苯二酚具有良好的响应 ,其线性范围为 2 .0× 1 0 -5～ 2 .8× 1 0 -3mol·L-1,检测下限为 1 .0× 1 0 -6mol· L-1。电极的峰电流与扫描速度的平方根成正比 ,电极上的传质过程受扩散控制 ,对酶催化反应的动力学机制进行了探讨。     

方波伏安法测定镍铜合金中的镍含量

在0.01mol·L-1的氨水-氯化铵缓冲溶液(pH 9.3)中,镍(Ⅱ)于-1.25V(vs.SCE)出现一灵敏的方波伏安峰。镍(Ⅱ)浓度在1.5×10-6～1.0×10-4mol·L-1与伏安峰高呈线性关系,线性方程为ip(μA)=2.1870+0.6328c(μmol·L-1),相关系数为0.9991。方法的标准偏差为0.7％。该法应用于镍铜合金样品中镍的测定,结果满意。     

LaCl3对大豆Cu, Zn-SOD活性影响研究

研究证明0～100μmol·L-1的LaCl3对于大豆Cu,Zn SOD的NBT光还原活性抑制作用具有明显影响,即受La3+作用,大豆Cu,Zn SOD活性动力学曲线为S形,同时受La3+作用Cu,Zn SOD的热稳定性明显提高。大豆Cu,Zn SOD受La3+作用的阈值浓度和饱和浓度分别为cLa3+=18μmol·L-1,cLa3+=65μmol·L-1。根据Hill系数3.9和荧光光谱分析,大豆Cu,Zn SOD分子中存在4个La3+的强结合位点。证明了La3+对Cu,Zn SOD具有明显的正协同效应。     

钆对Tb3+-2,3-吡啶二羧酸体系荧光的增敏及其分析应用

研究了Tb3 + Gd3 + 2 ,3 吡啶二羧酸体系的荧光特性。结果表明 ,钆对该体系中Tb3 +的特征荧光有显著增敏作用 ,当钆浓度为 4 .0× 10 - 4mol·L- 1,pH为 8.0 ,2 ,3 吡啶二羧酸浓度为3.5× 10 - 4mol·L- 1时 ,体系荧光强度最大。该体系用于稀土样品中痕量Tb3 + 的测定 ,铽浓度在 1× 10 - 9～ 2× 10 - 7mol·L- 1范围内与荧光强度呈线性关系 ,检出限为 5× 10 - 10 mol·L- 1。     

司帕沙星的单扫示波极谱法

在 0 .2 mol·L- 1KH2 PO4 - K2 HPO4 ( p H6.80 )底液中 ,用单扫示波极谱法可以得到一个灵敏的司帕沙星导数还原峰 ,其峰电位 Ep=- 1 .43V( vs.SCE) ,导数峰电流与司帕沙星浓度在 0 .1～ 8.0μmol· L- 1范围内呈线性关系 ,检出限为 0 .0 5μmol· L- 1。该法应用于模拟尿样和胶囊中司帕沙星质量含量的测定 ,结果满意。对司帕沙星在汞电极上的电化学行为进行了探讨     

L-半胱氨酸自组装膜电极的表征及其对对苯二酚的差分脉冲伏安法测定

研究了 L-半胱氨酸自组装膜修饰金电极 ( L - Cys Au/SAMs)催化对苯二酚氧化的电化学行为 ,发现该膜电极大大降低了对苯二酚的氧化电位。采用水平衰减全反射 ( ATR) FTIR光谱技术和 K3Fe( CN) 6 电化学探针对 L- Cys Au/SAMs进行了表征。用差分脉冲伏安法 ( DPV)测定其氧化峰电流与对苯二酚的浓度在 2 .0× 1 0 - 6～ 2 .0× 1 0 - 4mol· L- 1范围内呈良好的线性关系 ,相关系数 0 .9986,检出限 4.0×1 0 - 7mol·L- 1。该电极用于模拟废水样的测定 ,结果满意。     

催化动力学紫外吸光光度法直接测定水中痕量铜

以铜(Ⅱ)对过氧化氢氧化抗坏血酸的催化作用为基础,建立了一种催化动力学紫外吸光光度法直接测定水中痕量铜的方法。在pH3.5,0.0014mol·L-1抗坏血酸溶液,0.035mol·L-1过氧化氢溶液的体系中,方法的回收率为98.5%-99.4%,检出限为4μg·L-1。用以测定自来水、河水、生活污水中铜,结果满意。     

银在脱乙酰壳多糖化学修饰电极上的电化学行为及分析应用

用脱乙酰壳多糖化学修饰电极为工作电极,阳极溶出伏安法测定痕量银。在pH4.0的0.1mol·L-1邻苯二甲酸氢钾和0.1mol·L-1硫氰化溶液中,起始电位一0.80V,终点电位＋0.5V,富集时间3min,以0.1V·s-1扫速阳极溶出,峰电位在一0.075V(vs.Ag/AgCl),银浓度在0.02～1.0μg·m1-1范围内与峰高呈线性关系,提高了测定灵敏度,用于矿样测定,无需分离,结果满意。用紫外光谱和拉曼光谱研究了该法的电极过程机理。     

四氯络汞(Ⅱ)离子电极的研制及其应用研究

以十六烷基双硫腙·四氯络汞 (Ⅱ )为载体 ,制备了PVC膜四氯络汞 (Ⅱ )阴离子选择性电极 ;测定了40多种金属离子以及阴离子的选择性 ,除Sn(Ⅳ)、Sb(Ⅲ )稍有干扰外 ,其它金属离子均无明显的干扰 ;25℃时 ,1mol·L-1 NaCl-1×10-3 mol·L-1HCl溶液中 ,汞(Ⅱ)浓度在6×10-6～1.0×10-2 mol·L-1 呈线性响应 ,斜率为31±2mV/decade,检出限为4×10 -6mol·L -1;用电位法测得汞在蔬菜中的回收率为92.5%～97.2 % ,相对标准偏差在0.8 %～1.6 %范围 ;该法用于绿萍、莴笋、丝瓜等中微量汞的含量测定 ,结果令人满意。     

油菜缺钙条件下钕、钙关系的研究

研究表明缺钙油菜经低浓度钕(3μmol·L-1Nd(NO3)3)处理,主根增长、根系表面积、根干重、根系阳离子交换量增加;根系氧化力提高;油菜受损程度得到了明显的改善和修复,钕对钙表现出一部分替代作用。这种作用很可能通过细胞质膜Ca2+ ATPase以信号转导途径来体现。钕在高浓度下(60μmol·L-1)则表现出毒害作用。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。     

黄酮化合物的合成研究进展

黄酮化合物是一类具有多种生物活性的天然产物,其经典的合成方法主要为查耳酮路线和β-丙二酮路线.近年来出现了许多新技术、新方法.本文介绍了2'-羟基查尔酮的氧化关环法、黄烷酮氧化法、改进的Baker-Venkataraman法及其他合成黄酮化合物的方法.