熔石英亚表面三维Hertz锥形划痕附近光强分布的数值模拟

熔石英亚表面划痕对入射激光的调制是导致光学材料损伤的主要因素.本文建立了熔石英后表面上三维Hertz锥形划痕模型,采用三维时域有限差分方法对划痕周围的电场强度进行了计算模拟,并分别讨论了划痕的深度、半径以及倾斜角度对入射光场调制作用的影响.结果表明：Hertz锥形划痕中心区域的电场增强效果最明显,最容易被辐照损伤;划痕的深度从λ变化到9.5λ的过程中,熔石英内的最大电场强度逐渐增大;半径小于15λ的Hertz锥形划痕较容易引起熔石英的损伤,当半径大于175λ时,熔石英内的最大电场强度都维持在2.5 V/m,不再受半径大小影响;当入射激光在划痕的内侧界面和熔石英后表面之间发生内全反射时,光场增强效果愈加明显. 关键词： 三维时域有限差分 Hertz锥形划痕 电场分布 数值模拟     

周期力调制噪声驱动下单模激光系统的多重随机共振

在周期力调制噪声驱动下单模激光系统的光强方程中加入调幅波, 用线性化近似方法计算了系统的光强关联函数和输出信噪比, 并对信噪比进行数值计算和分析, 发现低频调制频率Ω、高频载波频率ω和周期力频率Ω_λ对系统的输出信噪比有很大的影响. 具体表现为信噪比R 随低频调制频率Ω 的变化过程中出现了多重随机共振和极强的单峰共振, 当Ω << ω 时, 系统出现的是多峰共振, 且随着Ω_λ 增加, 共振峰间的距离增大, 峰值位置不变; 当Ω → ω 时, 输出信噪比R迅速增大, 而Ω_λ 的影响被削弱甚至可以忽略, 多峰共振消失; 当Ω = ω 时, 系统出现了极强的单峰共振. 此外, 信噪比随周期力频率的变化呈现振幅减小的多重随机共振, 而随载流频率的变化出现单峰随机共振.     

基于直接离散方式的磁化铁氧体材料电磁散射的时域有限差分方法分析

根据磁化铁氧体材料的磁场强度和磁感应强度之间色散的本构关系式,利用时间微分算子/t和jω的时域和频域对应关系,将磁化铁氧体材料频域的本构关系转化为时域的本构关系,然后将时间微分算子/t在时域采用直接离散的方式,得到磁场强度和磁感应强度的时域有限差分迭代式.数值结果表明,该方法易于实现,简单可行,并节约内存. 关键词： 电磁散射 磁化铁氧体 时域有限差分方法 直接离散方法     

熔石英亚表面横向划痕调制作用的3维模拟

建立了熔石英后表面3维横向划痕模型,并采用3维时域有限差分方法对熔石英亚表面划痕周围的电场强度进行了数值模拟,分析了划痕宽度、深度、长度以及划痕倾斜角度对入射光场的调制作用,结果表明:随划痕深度和划痕长度的增加,熔石英内的最大电场强度增大,且当划痕长度达到1μm以上时,最大电场强度趋于稳定;划痕结构因子在1~2之间的划痕较容易引起熔石英损伤;而入射激光在划痕界面和后表面之间发生内全反射时,后表面上的光强增强效果更加明显,因此减少角度范围在20.9°~45°之内的划痕能大幅提高熔石英的损伤阈值。     

熔石英亚表面三维Hertz锥形划痕附近光强分布的数值模拟

熔石英亚表面划痕对入射激光的调制是导致光学材料损伤的主要因素.本文建立了熔石英后表面上三维Hertz锥形划痕模型,采用三维时域有限差分方法对划痕周围的电场强度进行了计算模拟,并分别讨论了划痕的深度、半径以及倾斜角度对入射光场调制作用的影响.结果表明：Hertz锥形划痕中心区域的电场增强效果最明显,最容易被辐照损伤;划痕的深度从λ变化到9.5λ的过程中,熔石英内的最大电场强度逐渐增大;半径小于15λ的Hertz锥形划痕较容易引起熔石英的损伤,当半径大于175λ时,熔石英内的最大电场强度都维持在2.5 V/m,不再受半径大小影响;当入射激光在划痕的内侧界面和熔石英后表面之间发生内全反射时,光场增强效果愈加明显.     

交叉色关联噪声驱动的单模激光系统统计性质研究

采用交叉色关联的加性色噪声和乘性色噪声驱动的单模激光立方模型,通过诺维科夫理论和福克斯近似以及斯特拉托诺维奇近似,得到反映激光统计性质的强度关联函数C的表达式;研究关联时间τ、净增益系数a₀和交叉关联强度λ对强度关联函数C的影响.数值模拟发现,在阈值以上（a₀>0）时,关联函数C随关联时间τ的增大而增大;在阈值以下（a₀<0）时,关联函数C随关联时间τ的增大而减小.无论在阈值以上还是阈值以下,关联函数C均随交叉关联强度λ的增大而减小.在C-a₀曲线上存在单峰. 关键词： 单模激光 交叉关联 强度涨落 强度关联函数     

熔石英亚表面缺陷附近光强分布的数值模拟

 熔石英亚表面缺陷对光场的调制是导致激光辐照场破坏的主要因素。采用有限元方法对熔石英亚表面缺陷（平面和锥形划痕）周围的光强分布进行了数值模拟。结果表明：划痕形状、几何尺寸、方位角、光的入射角等是影响划痕周围光强分布的主要因素;前表面划痕对光强的增强效果比后表面弱;在理想形状的划痕截面和表面同时发生内全反射时,平面划痕周围的光强增强效果明显。锥形划痕周围的光强分布为正确解释交叉划痕的夹角平分线附近的损伤提供了理论依据。     

色噪声间关联的周期调制对单模激光随机共振的影响

讨论色噪声驱动的单模激光系统在噪声间关联程度受时间周期调制情况下的随机共振.用线性化近似的方法计算了光强功率谱及信噪比.具体讨论色噪声情况下信噪比R受噪声强度D,Q,时间周期调制频率Ω_λ以及噪声自关联时间τ₁,τ₂和噪声间关联程度λ的影响.发现信噪比随噪声强度的变化呈单峰共振,信噪比随时间周期调制频率的变化呈周期性共振,而信噪比随 关键词： 色噪声 时间周期调制 噪声间关联程度 周期性随机共振     

噪声间关联程度的时间周期调制对单模激光随机共振的影响

用线性化近似的方法研究了噪声间关联程度λ受时间周期性调制的单模激光增益模型的光强功率谱及信噪比.具体讨论信噪比R受加法噪声强度D,乘法噪声强度Q及噪声间关联程度λ的影响,以及受周期调制频率Ω_λ,输入信号频率Ω的影响.发现了一些新颖的现象. 关键词： 时间周期调制频率 噪声间关联程度 随机共振 信噪比     

基于移位算子时域有限差分的色散薄层节点修正算法

提出了一种时域有限差分（FDTD）计算中色散介质薄层问题处理的新算法.对于厚度小于一个元胞尺度的电小尺寸色散介质薄层问题,采用将元胞内电位移矢量和磁感应强度加权平均的方法,求得薄层所在元胞内修正点处的等效介质参数.然后根据常见色散介质模型,包括Debye模型、Lorenz模型、Drude模型等,介电常数和磁导率可以表示为jω分式多项式的特点,结合频域到时域的转换关系（即用/t代替jω）和移位算子方法得到了修正点处的时域本构关系,进而获得时域递推计算式.数值结果表明,该方法具有通用、节省计算时间、节省内存和计算精度良好等优点. 关键词： 色散介质薄层 节点修正 移位算子 时域有限差分     

The electric field modulation by lateral crack coated with HfO2/SiO2 high reflector

High-dielectric constant multilayer coatings are commonly used on optics to increase the laser damage resistance of optics. In this work, the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain is improved to simulate the electric field intensity distribution in the silica–hafnia multilayer coatings on fused silica subsurface with lateral crack. Results reveal that as the substrate is defect-free, the largest intensification is at the surface layer, especially in the hafnia layer. As the lateral crack appears on the subsurface of fused silica, the intensified sites are mainly located at distorted coatings layers. Dependences of peak LIEF on crack's parameters are detailed investigated. Results show that laser intensification is more sensitive to its width, and the modulation of lateral defect with silica–hafnia multilayer is greater than nodular defect as its width larger than 5λ.     

The electric field modulation by three-dimensional crack on fused silica subsurface

The main factor of laser-induced damage is the modulation to electromagnetic field of laser by the crack on the subsurface. In this paper, a three-dimensional crack model on the exit surface is presented. Three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is employed to simulate the electric field intensity distribution in the vicinity of crack on fused silica subsurface. The roles of the crack width, depth, length and the gradient angle in the modulation to the incident light field are analyzed in detail. Results show that the crack size plays an important role in the electric modulation. With the increasing depth and width, the peak value of maximal electric field intensity appears in fused silica. However, the maximal electric field intensity tends to be a constant when the crack length reaches 1 μm. Besides, the enhancement of light intensity becomes obvious when total internal reflection occurs in fused silica. Our calculated results provide an advisable theoretical criterion to the corresponding experiment.     

Numerical simulation of the modulation to incident laser by the repaired damage site in a fused silica subsurface

One of the main factors of laser induced damage is the modulation to incident laser which is caused by the defect in the subsurface of the fused silica.In this work,the repaired damage site irradiated by CO 2 laser is simplified to a Gaussian rotation according to the corresponding experimental results.Then,the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method is employed to simulate the electric field intensity distribution in the vicinity of this kind of defect in fused silica front subsurface.The simulated results show that the modulation is notable,the E max is about 2.6 times the irradiated electric field intensity in the fused silica with the damage site (the width is 1.5 μm and depth is 2.3 μm) though the damage site is repaired by CO 2 laser.The phenomenon and the theoretical result of the annular laser enhancement existed on the rear surface are first verified effectively,which agrees well with the corresponding experimental results.The relations between the maximal electric field intensity in fused silica with defect depth and width are given respectively.Meanwhile,the corresponding physical mechanism is analysed theoretically in detail.     

熔石英后表面坑点型划痕对光场调制的近场模拟

建立了坑点型划痕的旋转抛物面模型, 用三维时域有限差分方法研究了熔石英后表面坑点型划痕随深度、 宽度、 间距以及酸蚀量变化对波长λ =355 nm入射激光的调制.研究表明, 这类划痕调制最强区位于相邻两坑点的连接区, 且越靠近表面调制越强.当其宽深比为2.0---3.5、 坑点间距约为坑点宽度的1/2时, 可获得最大光场调制, 最大光强增强因子(LIEF)为11.53; 当坑点间距大于坑点宽度时, 其调制大为减弱, 相当于单坑的场调制.对宽为60δ (δ =λ/12), 深和间距均为30δ的坑点型划痕进行刻蚀模拟, 刻蚀过程中最大LIEF为11.0, 当间距小于300 nm时, 相邻坑点由于衍射形成场贯通.     

Numerical simulation of modulation to incident laser by submicron to micron surface contaminants on fused silica

Modulation caused by surface/subsurface contaminants is one of the important factors for laser-induced damage of fused silica. In this work, a three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain(3D-FDTD) method is employed to simulate the electric field intensity distribution in the vicinity of particulate contaminants on fused silica surface. The simulated results reveal that the contaminant on both the input and output surfaces plays an important role in the electric field modulation of the incident laser. The influences of the shape, size, embedded depth, dielectric constant(εr), and the number of contaminant particles on the electric field distribution are discussed in detail. Meanwhile, the corresponding physical mechanism is analyzed theoretically.     

熔石英和磷酸盐钕玻璃表面三角形微裂纹对入射光的散射分析

 采用时域有限差分方法(FDTD)模拟了石英玻璃和掺钕磷酸盐激光玻璃表面三角形微裂纹对入射光调制后的分布。TE模式光波入射,最大调制电场幅值出现在玻璃体内部;TM模式光波入射,最大调制电场幅值则发生在裂纹的缝隙中。两种入射光模式下,后表面的调制电场幅值增大倍数在相同裂纹条件下均比前表面大。TE模式入射时,当入射光在裂纹和玻璃表面相继发生全反射时,得到的调制电场幅值最大;后表面最大调制电场幅值随着裂纹在界面投影长度的增加、开口宽度的变大及裂纹深度的增加而分别增大。     

Subsurface quality of polished SiO2 surface evaluated by quasi-Brewster angle technique

As a surface-sensitive optical method, the quasi-Brewster angle technique is extended to evaluate the subsurface qualities of quartz crystal and fused silica. By measuring the ellipsometry parameters at λ = 900 nm with variable incidence angle, a fitting process is executed using a proper subsurface nanostructure with an exponential porosity distribution. The fitting results predict the surface and subsurface information which are in good agreement with that of the Zygo interference microscope measurements and etching methods. In addition, the shift characteristics of phase change at the Brewster angle of such crystal and non-crystal material are compared and demonstrated.     

The effects of averaging on the enhancement factor for absorption of light by carbon particles in microdroplets of water

The effects of averaging of the enhancement factor for absorption of light by carbon particles inside water microdroplets are investigated numerically. A uniform distribution of carbon inclusions inside the water droplets is assumed. We perform the averaging over the size parameter of the droplet x=2πR/λ (R—radius of the droplet, λ—the incident wavelength) with different resolution in x.