固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中酚同系物

水样中7种酚同系物用固相萃取法在Oasis HLB柱上预富集,经吹氮干燥后用1 mL甲醇将包括苯酚、4-硝基酚、3-甲基酚、2-氯酚、2,4-二氯酚、2,4,6-三氯酚及五氯酚在内的7种酚同系物从柱上淋洗,所得淋出液直接进样进行高效液相色谱法测定.在所提出的最佳测定条件下,4-硝基酚质量浓度在4.0 mg·L-1以内,其余6种酚同系物质量浓度在20.0 mg·L-1以内与相应的检测信号之间呈线性关系,以10倍信噪比计算方法的测定下限,测得4-硝基酚的测定下限为0.02 mg·L-1,其余6种酚同系物为0.1 mg·L-1以下.用标准加入法测定方法的回收率,所用基体水样中未检出上述7种酚同系物,测得回收率在79.4%-103.0%之间,相应的相对标准偏差(n=7)在1.0%～6.7%之间.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铝合金中铬

铝合金样品溶于盐酸及过氧化氢中,其铬量用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定.采用空气-乙炔富燃火焰原子化并用锶盐作干扰抑制剂.铬的工作曲线浓度范围为1.2～20.0 mg·L-1(r=0.999).方法应用于4个铝合金标样的测定,所得结果与标准值相符.方法的RSD(n=5)值在2.1%～4.2%之间,回收率在97%～104%之间.     

应用全自动间断分析仪测定炼油化工废水中挥发酚的含量

废水样品250mL,加入100g·L-1硫酸铜溶液5mL,在pH 4.0的条件下进行蒸馏,接收馏上液250mL供测定其中挥发酚的含量,用Clever-chem 200全自动间断分析仪进行测定。测定的原理为分取部分蒸出液与pH 10.3的铁氰化钾及4-氨基-安替比林反应生成红色化合物,在波长510nm处测量其吸光度。测定中试样的进样量为200μL,试剂1及试剂2的加入量依次为90μL和135μL。挥发酚的质量浓度在0.05~2.00mg·L-1范围内与吸光度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s/k)为0.005mg·L-1。标准加入法测得方法的回收率在94.7%~108%之间。另在3个含量水平上做精密度试验,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在2.6%~6.3%之间。用此分析仪所得测定值与国标法测定值基本相符。     

阻抑动力学分光光度法测定微量碘

基于在稀磷酸介质中,痕量碘离子对亚硝酸根催化溴酸钾氧化甲基红的的阻抑作用,提出了测定痕量碘离子的阻抑动力学分光光度分析的方法.测定碘离子的线性范围在0.66 mg·L-1以内,检出限(3Sb/K)为7.5×10-6g·L-1.用于海带及食盐中微量碘的测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.4%～2.2%之间,测得方法的回收率为99.7%～100.1%.     

光度法测定食品中痕量铝——用对乙酰基偶氮氯膦作显色剂

在 pH 4.3 乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲体系中,对乙酰基偶氮氯膦与铝(Ⅲ)形成 1:1 蓝紫色络合物,最大吸收波长为 604 nm,表观摩尔吸光率ε,604 nm=9.92×103L·mol-1·cm-2,铝(Ⅲ)的质量浓度在 0.60 mg·L-1以内遵守比耳定律.方法用于方便面、面包及梨中痕量铝的测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差(n=7)在 1.03%～2.16%之间,回收率试验的结果在 96.5%～101.0%之间.     

离子色谱法测定农村饮用水中阴离子

采用离子色谱法测定农村饮用水中F-、Cl-、NO2-、Br-、NO3-和SO42-等6种阴离子的含量。水样经Ion Pac AG19保护柱及Ion Pac AS19分离柱分离,以20.00mmol·L-1氢氧化钾溶液为淋洗液,采用抑制电导器检测。F-、NO2-和Br-在4mg·L-1以内,Cl-、NO3-和SO42-在40mg·L-1以内呈线性关系,检出限(2S/N)在0.002～0.012mg·L-1之间。方法用于水样中6种阴离子的测定,加标回收率在98.0%～101.3%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.83%～2.7%之间。     

气相色谱法测定工业废水中挥发酚

提出了工业废水样品中的挥发性酚经预先用溴衍生化后用环己烷萃取分离,分取部分萃取液作气相色谱分析的方法.用此方法测定了苯酚、邻甲酚、间甲酚及对甲酚4种挥发酚,所测得的线性范围分别为0.008～80μg·L-1,0.010～100 μg·L-1,0.018～100 μg·L-1,0.012～100 μg·L-1,检出限(S/N=3)分别为8.4 ng·L-1,10.6 ng·L-1,19 ng·L-1,12.8 ng·L-1,测得其回收率在87%～91%之间,相对标准偏差(n=6)在4.0%～7.0%之间.     

氢化物发生-原子荧光法测定天然水及化妆品中痕量铅

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法应用于天然水及化妆品中痕量铅的测定,对分析的条件进行了试验并予以优化,所用的铁氰化钾在配制溶液时须用酸洗的活性碳处理以除去试剂中可能存在的包括铅在内的杂质.在0.25 mol·L-1的硝酸介质中,当硼氢化钾浓度为30 g·L-1时,荧光强度与铅(Ⅱ)浓度之间在1 000 μg·L-1以内呈线性关系,其检出限为0.62 μg·L-1,在此浓度区间,测得的RSD值(n=8)在1.25%～1.29%之间,所得的回收率试验的结果在90.4%～104.4%之间.     

流动注射法同时测定海水中氨氮和磷酸盐

采用流动注射法同时测定海水中氨氮和磷酸盐的含量。在优化的试验条件下,氨氮和磷酸盐的线性范围分别为0.25 mg·L-1和0.30 mg·L-1以内,检出限(3S/N)分别为0.42μg·L-1和0.56μg·L-1。氨氮和磷酸盐加标回收率分别在85.0%~103%和86.7%~103%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)分别在0.43%~5.3%和0~4.1%之间。方法用于分析标准物质,测定结果与分光光度法的结果一致。     

浊度法测定硼酸中氯

在硝酸酸度约为1.3 mol·L-1硼酸试样溶液中加入硝酸银溶液,使溶液中存在的微量氯离子与之反应生成氯化银胶悬体,加入适量的1,2,3-丙三醇作为胶悬体的稳定剂.选择在400 nm波长处测定此胶悬体的吸光度,其吸光度与氯离子浓度在0.017～0.20 mg·L-1范围呈线性关系,求测方法的检出限(3S/b)为0.016 mg·L-1.对此反应的各影响因素(如检测波长、试液酸度、硝酸银溶液及丙三醇的加入量、反应的适宜温度时间,以及进行吸光度测定的时间等)作了较系统的试验并予以优化.对方法的回收率及精密度也作了试验,所得回收率在96.0%～102.6%之间,测得的相对标准偏差(n=5)均小于2%.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.