微波消解样品-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定美白化妆品中铅和铜

乳液和水类美白化妆品经硝酸-过氧化氢混合液消解,粉类美白化妆品经硝酸-过氧化氢-氢氟酸混合液消解,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定样品中铅和铜的含量。在优化的仪器工作条件下,铅和铜的质量浓度分别在9.0 mg·L-1和11.0 mg·L-1以内与其吸光度呈线性关系,检出限(3s)分别为21.8μg·L-1和16.2μg·L-1。方法用于美白化妆品中铅、铜的测定,测得回收率分别在98.0%~102.5%和96.7%~105.0%之间。     

高压消解-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定八角和桂皮中镉、铅含量

八角或桂皮样品经硝酸-过氧化氢(5+3)混合液高压密闭消解后,以20 g·L-1磷酸氢二铵作基体改进剂,采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定其中镉和铅的含量。镉和铅的灰化温度分别为400℃,600℃;镉和铅的原子化温度分别为1 800℃,2 100℃。镉和铅的线性范围分别为10,50μg·L-1以内,检出限(3s/k)分别为0.42,0.98μg·L-1。加标回收率在96.0%~103%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.24%~1.7%之间。     

原子荧光光谱法测定新疆薰衣草中的铅、砷和汞

采用原子荧光光谱法对新疆不同产地薰衣草样品中的铅、砷和汞3种重金属元素的含量进行了测定。结果表明,测定薰衣草中的铅、砷和汞元素的线性范围分别在0.1~20μg·L-1、0.5~50μg·L-1和0.1~10μg·L-1之间,检出限分别为0.05μg·L-1、0.03μg·L-1和0.05μg·L-1,相对标准偏差(RSD)≤3.03%(n=6),各元素的加标回收率在97.0%~103.0%之间。该方法快速、简便、数据准确可靠。     

共振散射光谱法测定卡波姆

基于卡波姆在强酸性介质中产生自聚集作用导致其共振散射光显著增强,建立了测定卡波姆的共振散射光谱法。在优化的试验条件下,卡波姆940,971P,974P质量浓度的线性范围分别为20~120mg·L-1,50~300 mg·L-1,20~300 mg·L-1,检出限(3σ)分别为0.2,0.03,0.14μg·L-1。方法用于样品分析,加标回收率在96.9%~100%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.2%~2.3%之间。     

微波样品消解-氢化物发生-双通道原子荧光光谱法同时测定家禽内脏中硒和锗

应用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定家禽内脏中的硒和锗含量。采用微波消解法用硝酸和过氧化氢对样品进行消解,以硫脲作为预还原剂,以溶于5g·L-1氢氧化钾溶液中的20g·L-1硼氢化钾溶液作为还原剂。硒、锗的质量浓度均在500μg·L-1范围内与其荧光强度呈线性关系,检出限(3s/k)分别为0.001 08μg·L-1和0.017 1μg·L-1。硒、锗的加标回收率分别在98.9%~102%,97.4%~102%之间。     

大体积进样离子色谱法对电厂水汽中痕量阴离子测定中两种分离柱的分离效果

对两种阴离子分离柱(AS 17-C和AS 19)在大体积进样(500μL)离子色谱法测定发电机组蒸汽中8种痕量阴离子中的分离效果做了试验和比较。现场取得的水样经滤膜过滤后直接进样,分别经上述两柱分离,并用不同浓度的氢氧化钾溶液作为流动相进行梯度淋洗,用抑制电导检测器检测。8种阴离子的质量浓度均在5~50μg·L-1范围内呈线性,检出限(3S/N)分别在0.07~0.73μg·L-1,0.08~1.9μg·L-1之间。用标准加入法做回收试验,测得回收率在99.6%~104%(AS 17-C柱)和98.0%~103%(AS 19柱)之间。     

流动注射-分光光度法测定河口水中氨氮的盐效应及校正

建立了流动注射-分光光度法测定河口水中氨氮的盐效应的校正办法。样品溶液中的钙离子、镁离子是造成盐效应的主要因素。低盐区域(盐度0~10)随盐度增加,校正系数迅速降低;高盐区域(盐度10~30)随盐度增加,校正系数缓慢增加。氨氮的线性范围为3.00~300μg·L-1,方法的检出限(3S/N)为1.97μg·L-1。对20.0μg·L-1氨氮标准溶液连续测定7次,测定值的相对标准偏差为4.5%。用标准加入法做方法的回收试验,测得回收率在80.7%~108%之间。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法快速测定消费品中有机锡

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法快速测定玩具、纺织品及食品接触材料等消费品中有机锡的含量。消费品样品经甲醇超声萃取。三丁基锡的质量浓度在9.00~365μg·L-1范围内与其光谱强度呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3s)为0.3mg·kg-1。加标回收率在84.2%~103%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)在2.8%~6.0%之间。     

双硫腙-离子液体萃取-原子吸收光谱法测定复杂体系样品中锌

将离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐和双硫腙螯合剂用于复杂体系样品中锌的萃取。用原子吸收光谱法测定复杂体系样品中的锌含量。选择测定波长为516nm。锌的质量浓度在0.1~2.0mg·L-1范围内与其吸光度呈线性关系,检出限(3s/k)为0.69μg·L-1。方法应用于硫酸锌口服液样品中锌的测定,测定结果与药典法测定值相符。用标准加入法对方法的回收率进行试验,测得回收率在98.5%~101%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在1.9%~2.8%之间。     

离子色谱法测定卷烟主流烟气中的气相氨北大核心CSCD

采用离子色谱法测定卷烟主流烟气中的气相氨。采用IonPac CS16阳离子分析柱和IonPac CG16阳离子保护柱,以0.045mol·L-1甲烷磺酸为淋洗液,电导检测器进行检测。气相氨的的质量浓度在0.01~1.0mg·L-1范围内呈线性,其检出限(3s)和测性下限(10s)分别为8.79×10-3μg·支-1和2.93×10-2μg·支-1。加标回收率在92.2%~103%之间,日内、日间相对标准偏差(n=5)均小于5.5%。采用此方法对七种卷烟主流烟气中气相氨的释放量进行了测定。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.