在代数论证中落实推理与运算素养——人教A版新旧教材“基本不等式”内容比较分析

本文以人教A版新旧教材中基本不等式的教学内容为例,比较研究导入、证明、例题、习题四个部分,从内容编排的调整来分析教学要求的变化,并给出教学建议,加强代数论证,落实推理与运算素养.     

一个R2上含双曲函数核的Hilbert型不等式

通过引入参数，构造了一个全平面上的、含双曲函数的非齐次核函数。利用正切函数的有理分式展开，建立了最佳常数因子与正切函数高阶导数相关联的Hilbert型积分不等式。 作为应用，通过赋予参数不同的值，建立了一些有意义的特殊结果。     

对称向量拟均衡问题有效解的存在性

利用标量化方法建立对称向量拟均衡问题有效解的存在性定理。作为标量化方法的应用，利用这一方法得到向量变分不等式和拟向量变分不等式有效解的存在性定理。     

非光滑稀疏约束优化问题的最优性条件及算法

针对目标函数非光滑的稀疏约束优化问题,给出基本可行性和λ-平稳性两个必要最优性条件,利用所给出的必要最优性条件构造出稀疏次梯度投影算法.在理论上分析了算法的收敛性,证明了由该算法所产生序列的任意聚点都是λ-平稳点.最后,通过两个数值实例验证了算法的收敛性、有效性和优化能力.     

“联用技术及元素形态”国际课程探索与实践*

充分利用线上教学的优势,对化学院本科生开设了“联用技术及元素形态”国际课程,避免了传统教学中组织、协调外籍/外地专家资源过程中必要的各种消耗,极大程度地整合教学资源、改善教学效果。在该课程的探索与实践过程中,学生们对痕量元素形态及基于等离子体质谱的各种联用技术产生了极大的兴趣,激发了他们的主动学习热情;教师之间及师生之间的沟通趋向更简单、更灵活、更实时,为后续线上线下混合式国际课程建设提供了良好的基础和借鉴。     

广义加权损失函数下准备金的分位信度估计

由于聚合数据是个体数据的加总,会失去一些有用信息.针对个体数据模型,分位回归模型可以直接求取未决赔款准备金的分位数,并且对数据中存在的异常值的敏感度不高.在程纪(2020)模型基础上,将分位回归模型与信度理论相结合,将多个流量三角形的增量赔款数据看成是相同日历年下的重复性多次观测,体现样本数据的分层结构,克服经典信度模型中只有一条回归线的弊端,在广义加权损失函数下得到准备金的信度估计,并给出参数估计.     

基于NiCo2O4纳米片电极的非对称混合电容器

The looming global energy crisis and ever-increasing energy demands have catalyzed the development of renewable energy storage systems. In this regard, supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted widespread attention because of their advantageous attributes such as high power density, excellent cycle stability, and environmental friendliness. However, SCs exhibit low energy density and it is important to optimize electrode materials to improve the overall performance of these devices. Among the various electrode materials available, spinel nickel cobaltate (NiCo₂O₄) is particularly interesting because of its excellent theoretical capacitance. Based on the understanding that the performances of the electrode materials strongly depend on their morphologies and structures, in this study, we successfully synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets on Ni foam via a simple hydrothermal route followed by calcination. The structures and morphologies of the as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and the results showed that they were uniformly distributed on the Ni foam support. The surface chemical states of the elements in the samples were identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ products were then tested as cathode materials for supercapacitors in a traditional three-electrode system. The electrochemical performances of the NiCo₂O₄ electrode materials were studied and the area capacitance was found to be 1.26 C·cm^-2 at a current density of 1 mA·cm^-2. Furthermore, outstanding cycling stability with 97.6% retention of the initial discharge capacitance after 10000 cycles and excellent rate performance (67.5% capacitance retention with the current density from 1 to 14 mA·cm^-2) were achieved. It was found that the Ni foam supporting the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets increased the conductivity of the electrode materials. However, it is worth noting that the contribution of nickel foam to the areal capacitance of the electrode materials was almost zero during the charge and discharge processes. To further investigate the practical application of the as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets-based electrode, a device was assembled with the as-prepared samples as the positive electrode and active carbon (AC) as the negative electrode. The assembled supercapacitor showed energy densities of 0.14 and 0.09 Wh·cm^-3 at 1.56 and 4.5 W·cm^-3, respectively. Furthermore, it was able to maintain 95% of its initial specific capacitance after 10000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance of the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets could be ascribed to their unique spatial structure composed of interconnected ultrathin nanosheets, which facilitated electron transportation and ion penetration, suggesting their potential applications as electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors. The present synthetic route can be extended to other ternary transition metal oxides/sulfides for future energy storage devices and systems.     

构造局部不等式处理n元条件极值问题

本文从一道竞赛题出发介绍处理n元条件极值问题的一种策略,通过分析已知的等量关系,猜测与试探取得最值的条件,寻找并建立局部不等式,完成问题的求解或证明,并举例说明这一解法的应用.     

HPM视角下“基本不等式”的教学北大核心

《普通高中数学课程标准(2017年版)》中指出在数学学科核心素养培养过程中需要注重数学文化的渗透;并要求教师在教学过程中注重引导学生把握数学本质,了解数学的发展历程,厘清知识的源与流,建立新旧知识之间的关联.数学教师要尊重学生的认知规律和数学的学科特性,放慢节奏,增加体验,让数学学习自然发生.