《色谱原子光谱／质谱联用技术及形态分析》

元素形态分析是21世纪分析化学中发展最快的研究领域之一．而各种色谱（包括电泳）与原子光谱／质谱联用技术则是元素形态分析最有效的手段。本书详细介绍了自20世纪90年代以来联用技术及元素形态分析的研究成果及发展趋势。内容包括元素形态分析中的试样前处理技术、非色谱原子光谱／质谱联用技术、色谱（包括气相色谱、液相色谱、毛细管电泳）、原子光谱／质谱联用技术以及环境和生物体系中元素形态分析等。     

“互联网+”背景下“无机及分析化学”课程教学策略与实践*

提出了“互联网+”背景下,“无机及分析化学”课程教学“一核心、二目标、三探索、四构建”的教学策略。实施结果表明,基于学生发展的课程核心知识,以“具有解决复杂制药工程、化工工程、材料工程的化学基础知识”“为学习后续课程打下坚实基础”2个具体教学目标为导向,通过开展综合实践活动、案例教学、课程思政等3种教学改革探索,构建线上线下有机衔接的立方书、立体化线上教学资源、线上线下混合型教学模式及过程和结果相融合的SPOC教学模式下的课程评价体系4种教学举措,能有效提高课程教学质量。     

多元素形态同时分析的研究进展

对近年来多元素形态同时分析的研究进展进行了评述,内容主要涉及气相色谱法、液相色谱法、毛细管电泳和光谱、质谱的联用技术,以及电化学分析法、中子活化分析法等非联用技术在多元素形态同时分析中的应用,简述了环境和生物样品中元素形态的分离富集方法,展望了多元素形态同时分析的发展前景(引用文献62篇)。     

高效液相色谱/电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术用于元素形态分析的研究进展

介绍了高效液相色谱与电感耦合等离子体质谱（HPLC－ICP－MS）联用技术在环境、材料和生命科学样品的元素形态分析中的研究进展，着重介绍该联用方法的接口技术及几种与ICP－MS联用的主要色谱类型，阐述了几种样品预处理方法，并对样品引入系统、复杂基体分离和元素形态定量和结构分析等联用技术在元素形态分析中所面临的问题进行讨论。     

地方特色思政元素双向挖掘与实施*——以“无机化学”课程为例

以正向、逆向双向挖掘贴近学生现实生活的“三线精神”思政元素为例,介绍本教学团队双向挖掘地方特色思政元素,打造一门更生动,专业教育与思政教育同向同行、有机融合、协调育人的无机化学课程的实施过程。     

雨课堂与腾讯课堂联用的“有机化学”线上教学设计与实践*

基于智慧教学工具“雨课堂”为主和“腾讯课堂”为辅的双平台联用组合,将“雨课堂”优秀的教学互动和全周期记录学习活动表现的功能与“腾讯课堂”网络直播高峰期画面卡顿少、师生可以语音互动的优点结合起来,充分发挥“以学生为中心”的教学理念,探讨了有机化学课程的线上教学设计,并在教学班级中进行了广泛实践。实践证明,“雨课堂”直播为主和“腾讯课堂”为辅的双平台联用教学模式能保证教学质量、激发学生的学习兴趣和提高学生的学习效果。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法分析元素形态的研究进展

介绍了电感耦合等离子体质谱技术的特点,综述了近年来电感耦合等离子体质谱法与色谱、激光烧蚀、流动注射、毛细管电泳和氢化物发生等技术联用在元素形态分析中的应用情况,对各种联用方法的原理和应用范围进行了归纳,最后对电感耦合等离子体质谱技术的发展前景进行了展望。     

联用技术测定富硒农产品中硒的形态研究进展

硒的营养功能与农产品硒的形态息息相关。联用技术作为元素形态分析的有效方法,近年来受到了人们广泛关注。对用联用技术测定富硒农产品中硒的形态研究现状及进展进行了综述,包括前处理技术、色谱分离技术和定量检测方法等3个方面。     

化学实验“三三三”翻转教学模式的探索与实践*

针对当前化学实验翻转课堂教学模式中存在的不足,依托“云班课”,重构了以学生为中心的化学实验“三三三”翻转教学新模式,即将实验教学划分为“三个课堂”:自学课堂、理论课堂和实验课堂等;理论课堂里包含“三个环节”:个人汇报、小组活动和测试点评等;学习效果评判有“三个评价”:自学评价、参与评价和动手评价等。以有机化学实验中“环己烯的合成”为例,采用该新的教学模式开展了教学活动,整个教学过程不仅体现了“以学定教、学生为中心”的教学理念,而且也能发挥出线下传统课堂的优势,实现了将“知识内化”的时间拉长,达到对学生线上自学“知识传授”掌握度的有力检验的目的,更有时间和空间进行课程思政元素的挖掘与融入,完成在知识传播中实现对学生的价值引领。     

“以学生为中心”的普通化学课程教学模式探索与实践

结合普通化学课程特点及教学实践,深入分析了传统“教师中心”课程教学中普遍存在的问题,阐述了进行“以学生为中心”课程教学改革的必要性。从教学理念、教学内容、教学过程及考核评价等4方面构建了“以学生为中心”的普通化学课程教学体系。提出了通过简约化、项目化、生活化及开放性原则优选整合教学内容,优化了“四环节六步骤”教学过程,完善了多元多维互动教学评价办法。     

Ab initio studies of the conformations of ethynyl formate, cyano formate and related ethynyl and cyano compounds

The optimized geometries, relative free energies and related thermodynamic properties, harmonic frequencies, and dipole moments have been calculated at the HF and MP2 levels for ethynyl formate (1a), ethynyl acetate (1b), cyano formate, HCO₂CN (1c), cyano acetate (1d), S-ethynyl thioformate (2a), S-ethynyl thioacetate (2b), S-cyano thioformate (2c), S-cyano thioacetate (2d), N-ethynylformamide (3a), N-ethynylacetamide (3b), N-cyanoformamide (3c), and N-cyanoacetamide (3d) with the gaussian 98 program. For ethynyl formate, the calculation for 25 °C at the MP2/6-311++G(df,pd) level predicts that the Z isomer is more stable by 1.23 kcal/mol. For S-ethynyl thioformate, calculations at the MP2/6-311++G(2d,2p) level predict that the E isomer is favored by 0.71 kcal/mol at 25 °C. The E isomers of N-ethynylformamide and N-ethynylacetamide were found at all levels to be more stable than the Z isomers at 25 °C. For cyano formate and cyano acetate, calculations at the MP2/6-311++G(df,pd) level predict that the Z isomers are more stable at 25 °C by 1.50 and 2.72 kcal/mol, respectively. At this level and temperature, the Z isomers of 2c, 2d, 3c, and 3d are predicted to have free energies of 0.46, −0.07, 1.22, and 2.28 kcal/mol, respectively, relative to the E conformations. Z to E free-energy barriers at 25 °C of 8.63, 10.64, 17.63, 7.39, and 14.03 kcal/mol were calculated for 1a, 2a, 3a, 1c, and 3c at the HF/6-311G(d,p) level, and at the HF/6-311+G(d,p) level, the free-energy barrier for 2c was 7.08 kcal/mol.     

Alpha and gamma spectrometry for determination of natural and artificial radionuclides in tea, herbal tea and camomile marketed in Italy

Several kinds of tea, camomile and herbal tea were analysed to determine natural and artificial radioactivity. The radionuclides were determined by alpha (²¹⁰Po) and gamma (²²⁸Ac, ²¹⁴Pb, ²¹⁴Bi, ²¹⁰Pb, ⁴⁰K and ¹³⁷Cs) spectrometry. ²²⁸Ac ranged between 0.6 and 9.0 Bq kg⁻¹_dry; ²¹⁰Po between 1.90 and 36.1 Bq kg⁻¹_dry; ²¹⁴Pb and ²¹⁴Bi between 0.7 and 4.9 Bq kg⁻¹_dry; ²¹⁰Pb between < 10.0 and 58.9 Bq kg⁻¹_dry; ⁴⁰K between 463 and 936 Bq kg⁻¹_dry; ¹³⁷Cs between < 0.3 and 2.6 Bq kg⁻¹_dry. The percentage of ²¹⁰Po extraction in infusion was also determined; the arithmetical mean value of percentage of ²¹⁰Po extraction resulted 20.7 ± 7.50.     

元素医学防治心脑血管病研究和应用

从心脑血管疾病的流行率、心脑血管疾病的元素病因、心脑血管疾病的元素诊断和心脑血管疾病的元素治疗等4个方面讨论了元素医学防治心脑血管疾病的临床意义。     

软硬酸碱规则与体内微量元素

阐述了ＳＨＡＢ规则,分类,酸碱软硬度的定量标度和理论解释。根据ＳＨＡＢ规则把体内微量元素分为Ｌｅｗｉｓ硬酸,软酸与交界酸和硬碱,软碱与交界碱,体内不同体液和器官含有丰富的软硬配体,与各类软硬酸（金属离子）结合成不同稳定性的配合物,发挥其生物活性作用。     

Determination of low level nitrite and nitrate in biological, food and environmental samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (LC-FL) methods have been proposed for the determination of low level nitrite and nitrate in biological, food and environmental samples. The methods include derivatization of aqueous nitrite with 2,3-diaminonaphthalene (DAN), enzymatic reduction of nitrate to nitrite, extraction with toluene and chromatographic analyses of highly fluorescent 2,3-naphthotriazole (NAT) derivative of nitrite by using GC-MS in selected-ion-monitoring (SIM) mode and LC-FL. Nitrite and nitrate ions in solid samples were extracted with 0.5 M aqueous NaOH by sonication. The recoveries of nitrite and nitrate ions based on GC-MS and LC-FL results were 98.40% and 98.10% and the precision of these methods, as indicated by the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 1.00% for nitrite and 1.20% for nitrate, respectively. The limits of detection of the GC-MS in SIM mode and LC-FL methods based on S/N = 3 were 0.02 and 0.29 pg/ml for nitrite and 0.03 and 0.30 pg/ml for nitrate, respectively.     

Potentiometric and thermodynamic studies of 2-mercapto-5-(2-hydroxynaphthylideamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazole and its metal complexes

Summary Proton-ligand dissociation constant of 2-mercapto-5-(2-hydroxynaphthylideamino)-1,3,4-thiadiazole (MHT) and the stepwise stability constants of its metal complexes were determined potentiometrically in 40 mass/mass% ethanol-water mixture containing 0.1 M KCl. The stabilities of the complexes follow the order: Cu²⁺>Ni²⁺>Co²⁺>Mn²⁺. The dissociation constant (pK^H) of MHT and the stability constants (logK) of its metal complexes were determined at different temperatures and the corresponding thermodynamic parameters were calculated and discussed. The proton dissociation process is non-spontaneous, endothermic and entropically unfavoured. The formation of the metal complexes was found to be spontaneous, endothermic and entropically favoured.     

Elucidation of activity of copper and copper oxide nanomaterials for electrocatalytic and photoelectrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide

Copper- and copper oxide–based materials are, in principle, promising components (supports, reactive sites, and visible light–absorbing semiconductors) of electrocatalysts and photocathodes for reduction of carbon dioxide. Electrochemical and photoelectrochemical approaches are generally suitable for the low-temperature CO₂-conversion to carbon-based simple organic fuels or utility chemicals.Different concepts of utilization, including nanostructuring, doping, admixing, preconditioning, modification, or functionalization of various copper- and copper oxide–based systems for catalytic electroreduction and photoelectrochemical reduction of CO₂ are elucidated, as well as important strategies to enhance the systems' overall activity and stability are discussed.     

Dynamic mechanical and gas transport properties of blends and random copolymers of bisphenol-A polycarbonate and tetramethyl bisphenol-A polycarbonate

Dynamic mechanical and gas transport properties for homogeneous homopolymer blends and random copolymers of bisphenol-A and tetramethyl bisphenol-A polycarbonates (PC-TMPC) were determined. The gas transport measurements were performed at 35°C for the gases He, H₂, O₂, Ar, N₂, CH₄, and CO₂. The results show that the copolymers have lower permeability, apparent diffusion, and solubility coefficients than the blends. Permeability coefficients for blends follow a semilogarithmic ideal mixing rule while copolymers exhibit negative deviations from this. Specific volume measurements show that the free volume available for gas transport is slightly larger in copolymers than in blends of the same composition. These apparently contradictory results may relate to the differences in local mode chain motions observed for the copolymer and blend series. The γ relaxation processes in PC and TMPC seem to operate independently in the blends (no intermolecular coupling) while there is clear evidence for intramolecular coupling in the copolymers. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Synthesis and Structure of 1- and 2-Isomers of (Trimethoxysilylmethyl) and (Silatranylmethyl)benzotriazole

We have synthesized 1- and 2-(trimethylsilylmethyl)- and 1- and 2-(trimethoxysilylmethyl)benzotriazoles by reaction of 1,2,3-benzotriazolylsodium with trimethyl- or trimethoxy(chloromethyl)silane. We obtained 1- and 2-(silatranylmethyl)benzotriazoles by transesterification of the latter with triethanolamine.     

Studies of some monocyclic and bicyclic arylacetonitriles

The high-resolution (1)H, (13)C, (1)H-(1)H COSY and (1)H-(13)C COSY NMR spectra have been recorded in CDCl(3) for arylacetonitriles 1-12 and analyzed. The arylacetonitriles 3-7 exist in two isomeric forms E (methyl group is anti to cyano group) and Z (the methyl group is syn to cyano group) in solution. Normal chair conformation with equatorial orientations of phenyl rings at C-2 and C-6 for monocyclic nitriles 1 and 2, epimeric chair structure EC (axial configuration of methyl group at C-3) for both the E and Z isomers of arylacetonitrile derivatives (3-7) and a distorted boat form, B(3), for the N-acylacetonitrile derivatives (8-10) have been proposed based on NMR data. The bicyclic nitriles 11 and 12 exist in twin chair conformations in solution. DFT calculations and chemical shifts also support these conformations. Geometry optimizations for 1-12 were carried out according to density functional theory using B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) basis set and for 1 and 8 the theoretical geometrical parameters have been compared with those of single crystal measurements.