Polymer 4D printing: Advanced shape-change and beyond

4D printing is an exciting branch of additive manufacturing. It relies on established 3D printing techniques to fabricate objects in much the same way. However, structures which fall into the 4D printed category have the ability to change with time, hence the “extra dimension.” The common perception of 4D printed objects is that of macroscopic single-material structures limited to point-to-point shape change only, in response to either heat or water. However, in the area of polymer 4D printing, recent advancements challenge this understanding. A host of new polymeric materials have been designed which display a variety of wonderful effects brought about by unconventional stimuli, and advanced additive manufacturing techniques have been developed to accommodate them. As a result, the horizons of polymer 4D printing have been broadened beyond what was initially thought possible. In this review, we showcase the many studies which evolve the very definition of polymer 4D printing, and reveal emerging areas of research integral to its advancement.     

两个基于2,5-二甲氧基对苯二甲酸和咪唑衍生物的超分子钴配位聚合物的结构及光催化反应

本文以咪唑衍生物为配体,通过水热合成法与钴离子制备出两个配位聚合物:{[Co(DTA)(1,4-DIB)(H₂O)]·H₂O}_n(1)和[Co(DTA)(1,3-BMIB)]_n(2)(1,4-DIB=1,4-二(1H-咪唑-1-基)苯; 1,3-BMIB=1,3-二(4-甲基-1H-咪唑-1-基)苯;H₂DTA=2,5-二甲氧基对苯二甲酸)。利用X射线单晶衍射、粉末衍射、热失重、元素分析、红外光谱以及固体紫外-可见光谱等对两个配合物进行了表征。结构分析证实配合物1和2是通过二维结构堆积成的三维超分子化合物。粉末衍射测试则显示两个配合物在水中有很好的稳定性。固体紫外-可见光谱显示两个配合物属半导体材料,对紫外-可见光有很强的吸收作用。在光催化实验中,配合物1和2可加快亚甲基蓝的降解速度。     

A convenient synthesis of 3-aryl-5-methylidene-2-thiohydantoins

3-Aryl-5-methylidene-2-thiohydantoins were constructed in one-pot reaction of aryl isothiocyanates and 3-morpholino- alanine in alkaline medium with the subsequent treatment with boiling hydrochloric acid.     

Mobility of water molecules in Li+, Na+ and Cs+ ionic forms of Nafion membrane studied by NMR

Correlation times and diffusion coefficients of water molecules were measured for the first time by ¹H spin relaxation and pulsed field gradient NMR in Li⁺, Na⁺ and Cs⁺ ionic forms of Nafion 117 membrane. Hydration numbers of Li⁺, Na⁺ and Cs⁺ cations were calculated. It was shown that at high humidity macroscopic transfer is controlled by the local translational motion of water molecules.     

Filters compatible with isomorphism testing

Like the lower central series of a nilpotent group, filters generalize the connection between nilpotent groups and graded Lie rings. However, unlike the case with the lower central series, the associated graded Lie ring may share few features with the original group: e.g. the associated Lie ring can be trivial or arbitrarily large. We determine properties of filters such that every isomorphism between groups is induced by an isomorphism between graded Lie rings.     

Periodicity of Two-Dimensional Bonding of Main Group Elements

In the periodic table the position of each atom follows the ‘aufbau’ principle of the individual electron shells. The resulting intrinsic periodicity of atomic properties determines the overall behavior of atoms in two-dimensional (2D) bonding and structure formation. Insight into the type and strength of bonding is the key in the discovery of innovative 2D materials. The primary features of 2D bonding and the ensuing monolayer structures of the main-group II–VI elements result from the number of valence electrons and the change of atom size, which determine the type of hybridization. The results reveal the tight connection between strength of bonding and bond length in 2D networks. The predictive power of the periodic table reveals general rules of bonding, the bonding-structure relationship, and allows an assessment of published data of 2D materials.     

Calcium-based coordination polymers from a solvothermal synthesis of HKUST-1 in 3D printed autoclaves

A mixed-metal 1D coordination polymer [CaCu(HBTC)₂(H2O)₈]_n (where H₃BTC – benzene-1,3,5-tric arboxylic acid) was obtained in a solvothermal synthesis of a well-known copper-containing metal–organic framework [Cu₃(BTC)₂(H₂O)₃]_n (HKUST-1) in autoclaves 3D-printed from commercial polypropylene. This material was a source of calcium ions, apparently, leaking from a colorant (calcium carbonate) promoted by glacial acetic acid as a modulator used to produce large single crystals of HKUST-1. This finding was confirmed by elemental analysis and a model experiment that resulted in a new calcium-based 1D coordination polymer [Ca(H₂BTC)₂(H₂O)₅]_n under the same solvothermal conditions with no copper or calcium salts put into a 3D-printed autoclave.     

算子代数上2-局部Lie三重导子的结构

设X是维数大于2的Banach空间,映射δ:B(X)→B(X)是2-局部Lie三重导子,则对所有A∈B(X)有δ(A)=[A,T]+φ(A),这里T∈B(X),φ是从B(X)到FI的齐次映射且满足对所有A,B∈B(X)有φ(A+B)=φ(A),其中B是交换子的和.     

基于2,5-二溴对苯二甲酸配体的锌/钴配合物合成、晶体结构及性质

将有机物2,5-二溴对苯二甲酸(H₂L₁)和2,2′-联吡啶(L₂)作为双配体,使用溶剂热法和七水合硫酸锌(ZnSO₄·7H₂O)、六水合硝酸钴(Co(NO₃)₂·6H₂O)分别反应,得到配合物[Zn(L₁)(L₂)(H₂O)]_n(1)和配合物[Co(L₁)(L₂)(H₂O)]_n(2)。采用单晶X射线衍射、元素分析、红外光谱、紫外光谱、荧光光谱、热重分析等测试方法对这两种物质进行分析研究。单晶测试结果表明配合物1是单斜晶系,以Zn²⁺配位连接L^2-₁与L₂形成一维链状结构,各条链在分子间氢键和π…π共轭作用下有规律地堆叠形成三维网络结构。配合物2是三斜晶系,Co1离子和Co1ⁱ离子由H₂L₁上的羧酸氧原子O4和O4ⁱ连接,形成双齿螯合的配位结构单元,以Co²⁺配位连接 L^2-₁和L₂形成二维网格结构,各层在O—H…O分子间氢键和范德瓦耳斯力作用下有规律的堆叠形成三维网络结构。配合物1和2均含有芳香杂环、羧基杂环和氮杂环,具有良好的荧光性质和热稳定性,最大发射波长分别为345 nm和333 nm。