二茂铁亚胺环钯化合物催化的带有导向基团的sp2C—H键底物的邻位芳基化

发展了一种以二茂铁亚胺环钯化合物为催化剂, 对带有导向基团的sp2 C—H键芳基底物进行邻位芳基化的新颖高效的催化体系. 实验结果表明, 反应表现出明显的区域选择性, 芳基化只发生在空间位阻较小的sp2 C—H键上, 反应可以采用多种取代基(如CH3O, CH3CO, Br和Cl)进行, 这有助于通过进一步反应构建更为复杂的新化合物.     

C~nSi(n=28,29)各种可能结构的理论研究

利用量子化学从头计算方法研究了C~nSi(n=28,29)各种可能的结构,研究结果表明:C~2~9Si为硅取代碳笼(Fullerens)中一个碳原子而形成的骨0架硅杂碳笼(Fullerenes),而且C~2~9Si最稳定结构是通过硅取代碳笼(C~3~0)最稳定结构中一个碳原子而得到.C~2~9Si比C~3~0有较低的稳定性和较高的化学活性.C~2~8Si有两种类型结构:(I)外接,(Ⅱ)缺位(hole-defect)型,即硅四连接型.计算结果表明,对C~2~8Si,外接硅型化合物更稳定,即(I)为主要成份.而且C~2~8Si最稳定结构是由C~2~8最稳定结构外接硅而形成.计算结果与实验观测一致。     

Oxidative Coordination versus C3−C(O)Me Bond Cleavage in Acetylacetonate Iridium Complexes

Iridabicycles [Ir{κ³-N,C,O-(pyC(H)=C(C(O)Me)₂}(Cl)(L−L)](L−L=cod (cod=1,5-cyclooctadiene), 1 a ; bipy (bipy=2,2’-bipyridine), 1 b ) have been obtained by oxidative coordination of 3-(pyridine-2-yl-methylene)pentane-2,4-dione L1 , to the complexes [{Ir(μ-Cl)(cod)}₂] and [{Ir(μ-Cl)(coe)₂}₂] (coe=cis-cyclooctene), the latter in the presence of bipy. Remarkably, cleavage of the C³−C(O)Me bond of L1 has instead been achieved in the reaction with [Ir(Cl)(dmb)₂] (dmb=2,3-dimethylbutadiene), yielding a compound formulated as [Ir{κ²-N,C-(pyC(H)C(C(O)Me))}(CO)(μ-Cl)(Me)]₂, 2 . Treatment of dimer 2 with DMSO or PMe₃ produced the complexes[Ir{κ²-N,C-(pyC(H)C(C(O)Me)}(CO)Cl(Me)L] (L=DMSO, 3 a ; PMe₃, 3 b ). Plausible mechanisms for the reactions leading to complexes 1 and 2 are proposed by means of DFT calculations.     

Synthesis of β-Lactams by Palladium(0)-Catalyzed C(sp3)−H Carbamoylation

A general and user-friendly synthesis of β-lactams is reported that makes use of Pd⁰-catalyzed carbamoylation of C(sp³)−H bonds, and operates under stoichiometric carbon monoxide in a two-chamber reactor. This reaction is compatible with a range of primary, secondary and activated tertiary C−H bonds, in contrast to previous methods based on C(sp³)−H activation. In addition, the feasibility of an enantioselective version using a chiral phosphonite ligand is demonstrated. Finally, this method can be employed to synthesize valuable enantiopure free β-lactams and β-amino acids.     

C60晶体在有序相的分子取向结构

以C60晶体中分子两种取向排列形成的双能级系统为基础,通过探讨C60晶体在有序相的热力学性质,得到了38o和98o两种取向排列的分子在晶体中均匀分布的结构稳定性结论.根据已报道的C60晶体在有序相两端点温度85 K 和260 K取向分布的实验结果,将较高的分子取向(38o)能级的概率转化成分数值1/6和3/8,得到了有序相两种取向分子在两温度端点的分布规律.当概率的分数值为1/4和1/3时,C60晶体将具有较大的结构稳定性和较小的介电损耗及内耗值,对应的温度分别为122.6和194.3 K.因而解释了介电实验结果出现异常的现象是由38o取向分子均匀分布的"规则-无规-规则"变化所造成的.     

Substrate-Mediator Duality of 1,4-Dicyanobenzene in Electrochemical C(sp2)−C(sp3) Bond Formation with Alkyl Bromides

Electrochemical approaches to form C(sp²)−C(sp³) bonds have focused on coupling C(sp³) electrophiles that form stabilized carbon-centered radicals upon reduction or oxidation. Whereas alkyl bromides are desirable C(sp³) coupling partners owing to their availability and cost-effectiveness, their tendency to undergo radical-radical homocoupling makes them challenging substrates for electroreductive cross-coupling. Herein, we disclose a metal-free regioselective cross-coupling of 1,4-dicyanobenzene, a useful precursor to aromatic nitriles, and alkyl bromides. Alkyl bromide reduction is mediated directly by 1,4-dicyanobenzene radical anions, leading to negligible homocoupling and high cross-selectivity to form 1,4-alkyl cyanobenzenes. The cross-coupling scheme is compatible with oxidatively sensitive and acidic functional groups such as amines and alcohols, which have proven difficult to incorporate in alternative electrochemical approaches using carboxylic acids as C(sp³) precursors.     

Choline chloride as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of styryl-pyrazoles

An efficient and green methodology for syntheses of various styryl-pyrazoles (3) from the reaction of 2-(5-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)acetonitriles (1) with substituted benzaldehydes (2) by the use of biodegradable, nonhazardous, naturally occurring, and inexpensive choline chloride and NaOH under an environmentally benign medium has been described.     

裂解汽油中C_4和C_5异构烯烃的分析

介绍了一种适于沸点范围从初馏点到２１０℃的裂解汽油中Ｃ４和Ｃ５异构烯烃的分析方法——以两根单柱分析系统的数据为基础,经关联计算进行定量。它具有操作简便、移植便利、分析结果重复性好、提供的信息全面等特点,满足了实际应用分析的要求。     

Electroreductive Desulfurative Transformations with Thioethers as Alkyl Radical Precursors**

Thioethers are highly prevalent functional groups in organic compounds of natural and synthetic origin but remain remarkably underexplored as starting materials in desulfurative transformations. As such, new synthetic methods are highly desirable to unlock the potential of the compound class. In this vein, electrochemistry is an ideal tool to enable new reactivity and selectivity under mild conditions. Herein, we demonstrate the efficient use of aryl alkyl thioethers as alkyl radical precursors in electroreductive transformations, along with mechanistic details. The transformations proceed with complete selectivity for C(sp³)−S bond cleavage, orthogonal to that of established transition metal-catalyzed two-electron routes. We showcase a hydrodesulfurization protocol with broad functional group tolerance, the first example of desulfurative C(sp³)−C(sp³) bond formation in Giese-type cross-coupling and the first protocol for electrocarboxylation of synthetic relevance with thioethers as starting materials. Finally, the compound class is shown to outcompete their well-established sulfone analogues as alkyl radical precursors, demonstrating their synthetic potential for future desulfurative transformations in a one-electron manifold.     

Proton chemical shifts in NMR: Part 17. Chemical shifts in alkenes and anisotropic and steric effects of the double bond

The ¹H NMR spectra of a number of alkenes of known geometry were recorded in CDCl₃ solution and assigned, namely ethylene, propene, 4-methylcyclohexene, 1,4-dimethylcyclohexene, methylene cyclohexane (in CFCl₃–CD₂Cl₂ at 153 K), 5-methylene-2-norbornene, camphene, bicyclopentadiene, styrene and 9-vinylanthracene. These results together with literature data for other alkenes, i.e. 1,3- and 1,4-cyclohexadiene, norbornene, norbornadiene, bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-ene and α- and β-pinene, and other data allowed the determination of the olefinic shielding in these molecules. The shielding was analysed in terms of the magnetic anisotropy and steric effects of the double bond together with a model (CHARGE7) for the calculation of the two- and three-bond electronic effects. For the aromatic alkenes ring current and π-electron effects were included. This analysis showed that the double bond shielding arises from both anisotropic and steric effects. The anisotropy is due to the perpendicular term only with a value of Δχ(CC) of −12.1 × 10⁻⁶cm³mol⁻¹. There is also a steric deshielding term of 82.5/r⁶ (r in Å). The shielding along the π-axis changes sign from shielding at long range (>2.5 Å) to deshielding at short range (<2 Å). The model gives the first comprehensive calculation of the shielding of the alkene group. For the data set considered (172 proton chemical shifts) ranging from δ=0.48 to 8.39, the r.m.s. error of observed vs calculated shifts was 0.11 ppm. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Allenes as carbon nucleophiles in intramolecular attack on (pi-1,3-diene)palladium complexes: evidence for trans carbopalladation of the 1,3-diene

Reaction of allene-substituted cyclohexa- and cyclohepta-1,3-dienes with [PdCl(2)(PhCN)(2)] gave eta(3)-(1,2,3)-cyclohexenyl- and eta(3)-(1,2,3)-cycloheptenylpalladium complexes, respectively, in which C-C bond formation between the allene and the 1,3-diene has occurred. Analysis of the (pi-allyl)palladium complexes by NMR spectroscopy, using reporter ligands, shows that the C-C bond formation has occurred by a trans carbopalladation involving nucleophilic attack by the middle carbon atom of the allene on a (pi-diene)palladium(II) complex. The stereochemistry of the (pi-allyl)palladium complexes was confirmed by benzoquinone-induced stereoselective transformations to allylic acetates.     

Co(En)3MoO4晶体的水热合成与表征

杂多酸的水热法合成的深入发展已引起了化学家的广泛关注[1～3].80年代已来,用水热合成方法得到了具有层状[4]、网状[5]、孔道状[6,7]和笼状[8,9]等多种新结构和新组成的杂多酸化合物,并应用于合成药物和研究催化剂等[10,11]工作中.科学家们已深入地了解了钒的氧簇化合物[12～15],但有关钼的氧簇化合物的研究还较少.杨国昱等[16]利用水热法合成了具有孔道结构的Ni(En)3MoO4纳米管.本文在此[16]基础上,利用水热法合成了具有网状结构的Co(En)3MoO4单晶.X射线分析结果表明,该晶体属六方晶系,P3C1空间群,晶体中阴阳离子通过静电吸引作用相互结合,形成一种有机-无机复合材料.     

Support-Free Pd3Co NCs as an Efficient Heterogeneous Nanocatalyst for New Organic Transformations of C−C Coupling Reactions

A support-free heterogeneous Pd₃Co nanostructured composite (NC), synthesized through a hydrothermal route, acted as an effective catalytic system in multivariate Heck-, Sonogashira-, and Suzuki-type coupling reactions of iodonium ylides. The XPS analysis of the bimetallic Pd₃Co NCs confirmed the elemental composition as 75 % palladium and 25 % cobalt. Furthermore, high-resolution (HR) TEM analysis confirmed the spherical morphology of the Pd₃Co bimetallic nanoparticles. The average diameter of the NCs is 14.8 nm. The coupling reaction proceeded through the generation of α-iodoenones with simultaneous migration of the phenyl group, thereby giving a scaffold with higher atom economy. The heterogeneous Pd₃Co NCs were recycled and reused without any significant change in catalytic ability for up to five reaction cycles. The high concentration of Pd and association of cobalt into the lattice of palladium appears to enhance its catalytic ability for the diverse coupling reactions in comparison with its monometallic counterparts as well as with bimetallic NCs with a comparatively lesser amount of Pd.     

Regioselective Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling of N‐Heterocycles toward Functionalized Quinolines,Phenanthrolines, and Indoles

A new strategy has been developed for the oxidant‐ and base‐free dehydrogenative coupling of N‐heterocycles at mild conditions. Under the action of an iridium catalyst, N‐heterocycles undergo multiple sp³ C H activation steps, generating a nucleophilic enamine that reacts in situ with various electrophiles to give highly functionalized products. The dehydrogenative coupling can be cascaded with Friedel–Crafts addition, resulting in a double functionalization of the N‐heterocycles.     

Steric Influence on Reactions of Benzyl Potassium Species with CO

Reactions of benzyl potassium species with CO are shown to proceed via transient carbene-like intermediates that can undergo either dimerization or further CO propagation. In a sterically unhindered case, formal dimerization of the carbene is the dominant reaction pathway, as evidenced by the isolation of ((Ph₃SiO)(PhCH₂)C)₂ 2 and PhCH₂C(O)CH(OH)CH₂Ph 3 . Reactions with increasingly sterically encumbered reagents show competitive reaction pathways involving intermolecular dimerization leading to species analogous to 2 and 3 and those containing newly-formed five-membered rings tBu₂C₆H₂(C(OSiR₃)C(OSiR₃)CH₂) (R=Me 6 , Ph 7 ). Even further encumbered reagents proceed to either dimerize or react with additional CO to give a ketene-like intermediates, thus affording a 7-membered tropolone derivative 14 or the dione (3,5-tBu₂C₆H₃)₃C₆H₂CH₂C(O))₂ 15 .     

^1^4C-加速器质谱法研究NNK与血红蛋白的体内加 合作用

用^1^4C-加速器质谱法(AMS)研究了香烟中尼古丁的亚硝基衍生物4-(甲基亚硝胺基)-1-(3-吡啶基)-1-丁酮(NNK)与小鼠体内血红蛋白(Hb)的加合作用,给出了加合剂量响应曲线。NNK剂量在0.01～0.1μg/kgb.w.范围内,加合水平基本上是一样的;而在0.1～3.0μg/kgb.w.范围内,加合物数量与NNK剂量之间呈1g/1g表示的线性关系。同时研究发现一次性给药的NNK-Hb加合物在小鼠体内的衰减表现为快、慢两个阶段,前3天内衰减很快,3天后衰减不明显。     

含C_(60)聚乙基乙烯基醚的合成及其荧光行为

Ｃ６０的高分子化一直被认为是Ｃ６０材料化的一个重要途径［１～５］,但含Ｃ６０的高分子的制备及其性能表征却遇到很多困难．迄今为止,制备含Ｃ６０的高分子的方法多采用自由基引发剂或阴离子引发剂引发Ｃ６０与烯类单体共聚［２,３,６］,这使共聚单体的范围受到限...     

用于富勒烯分离的高效液相色谱固定相

用于富勒烯分离的高效液相色谱固定相陈德朴，郁鉴源，廖沐真，黄贺生，刘凤英，刘梦林（清华大学化学系，北京，１０００８４）（清华大学现代应用物理系）关键词Ｃ_（６０）、Ｃ_（７０）分离，固定相，高效液相色谱目前有关富勒烯的研究是国际上一个非常活跃的研究领域...     

Synthese et reactions des aza-1 phospha-2 cycloheptadienes-4,6

The reaction of nitriles without α hydrogen atoms on phosphol 3 enes oxides or sulfides anions yields 1-aza 2-phospha cyclohepta 4,6 dienes. 1–2 or 1–4 addition to the pyridine ring may occur with nicotino- and isonicotinonitriles, instead of attack on the nitrile function in this reaction. Trichlorosilane does not reduce these seven membered P oxides to the corresponding phosphines but causes a ring contraction.     

Half‐Sandwich and Triangular‐Sandwich Supramolecular Solid State Structures of C60 with Ir(ttp)Me

Novel C₆₀‐Ir(ttp)Me complexes with 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1 Ir(ttp)Me:C₆₀ stoichiometries were synthesized with the 1:1 and 3:1 structures crytallographically characterized.