Implementation of an 8-bit bit-slice AES S-box with rapid single flux quantum circuits

Rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) circuits are a kind of superconducting digital circuits, having properties of a natural gate-level pipelining synchronous sequential circuit, which demonstrates high energy efficiency and high throughput advantage. We find that the high-throughput and high-speed performance of RSFQ circuits can take the advantage of a hardware implementation of the encryption algorithm, whereas these are rarely applied to this field. Among the available encryption algorithms, the advanced encryption standard (AES) algorithm is an advanced encryption standard algorithm. It is currently the most widely used symmetric cryptography algorithm. In this work, we aim to demonstrate the SubByte operation of an AES-128 algorithm using RSFQ circuits based on the SIMIT Nb03 process. We design an AES S-bbox circuit in the RSFQ logic, and compare its operational frequency, power dissipation, and throughput with those of the CMOS-based circuit post-simulated in the same structure. The complete RSFQ S-bbox circuit costs a total of 42237 Josephson junctions with nearly 130 Gbps throughput under the maximum simulated frequency of 16.28 GHz. Our analysis shows that the frequency and throughput of the RSFQ-based S-bbox are about four times higher than those of the CMOS-based S-bbox. Further, we design and fabricate a few typical modules of the S-box. Subsequent measurements demonstrate the correct functioning of the modules in both low and high frequencies up to 28.8 GHz.     

静态和动态收集与富集挥发性有机物的方法在法医中的应用

引言捕集和富集挥发性化合物近来已成为制备试样的一种标准方法,但很少用以取得法庭物证。在文献报导的几乎所有应用中,都是将小量挥发性化合物捕集在过量的吸附剂上,但在物证中挥发物的量很容易超过吸附剂的容量,使试样失去代表性。法庭分析工作者可以根据由下列四个参数的排列组合而得到的十六种情况来设计、使用和评价试样中挥发物的富集方法: 1.试样是由动态的“吹洗和捕集”还是由静态扩散来富集? 2.吸附剂容量是否足以定量捕集所有挥发性化合物?     

初中化学“启发—讨论”式教法的探研

一教育思想的更新孕育着教学方法的改革。从一九八五年开始,我们联合进行初中化学“启发—讨论”式教法试验,按试验既定方案,在偏僻的鄂西山区农村中学—湖北省长阳土家族自治县厚浪沱初级中学成功地进行两轮对比一轮扩大试验,现正扩大推广至全宜昌地区三十余所初中试验。     

基于电阻焦耳热调控3D纳米桥结的临界电流

近些年来, 超导三端子器件通过引入第三端可控变量可以实现单个约瑟夫森结两端临界电流的调控, 受到广泛关注. 本文介绍了一种微缩型的超导三端子器件结构, 通过电阻电流产生的焦耳热来调节3D 纳米桥结附近的局部温度, 从而实现有效调节3D 纳米桥结的临界电流. 本实验利用了两种氩(Ar) 离子表面清洗条件制备获得了两种不同电阻特性的铝(Al) 电阻条, 并且测量表征了这两种电阻条的电流焦耳功率分别与单个和两个3D 纳米桥结的临界电流之间的变化关系. 我们实现了最低使用33 μW 的电阻功率, 来达到单个3D 纳米桥结的临界电流的50% 范围内的调节, 从而验证了本超导三端子器件结构的可实用性.     

Photon number resolvability of multi-pixel superconducting nanowire single photon detectors using a single flux quantum circuit

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) are typical switching devices capable of detecting single photons with almost 100% detection efficiency. However, they cannot determine the exact number of incident photons during a detection event. Multi-pixel SNSPDs employing multiple read-out channels can provide photon number resolvability (PNR), but they require increased cooling power and costly multi-channel electronic systems. In this work, a single-flux quantum (SFQ) circuit is employed, and PNR based on multi-pixel SNSPDs is successfully demonstrated. A multi-input magnetically coupled DC/SFQ converter (MMD2Q) circuit with a mutual inductance M is used to combine and record signals from a multi-pixel SNSPD device. The designed circuit is capable of discriminating the amplitude of the combined signals in accuracy of Φ₀/M with Φ₀ being a single magnetic flux quantum. By employing the MMD2Q circuit, the discrimination of up to 40 photons can be simulated. A 4-parallel-input MMD2Q circuit is fabricated, and a PNR of 3 is successfully demonstrated for an SNSPD array with one channel reserved for the functional verification. The results confirm that an MMD2Q circuit is an effective tool for implementing PNR with multi-pixel SNSPDs.     

A Silicon Shallow-Ridge Waveguide Integrated Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detector Towards Quantum Photonic Circuits

A silicon shallow-ridge waveguide integrated superconducting nanowire single photon detector is designed and fabricated.At the bias current of 11.6μA,4% on-chip detection efficiency near 1550 nm wavelength is achieved with the dark count rate of 3 Hz and a timing jitter of 75 ps.This device shows the potential application in the integration of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors with a complex quantum photonic circuit.     

壳聚糖/乙酰半胱氨酸纳米粒子的性质及体外释药性

制备了一种基于壳聚糖/乙酰半胱氨酸偶合物(CS-NAC)的新型巯基纳米粒子并进行了结构表征, 同时对纳米粒子的黏附性、溶胀性和药物释放进行了测试. 结果表明, 纳米粒子具有较小的粒径(140~210 nm)和正的表面电位(19.5~31.7 mV), 胰岛素的载药量达到13%~42%. 这些性质随着巯基含量的变化而变化. 与壳聚糖纳米粒子相比, 巯基壳聚糖纳米粒子表现出了更强更快的黏附性质. 体外释放研究结果表明, 巯基壳聚糖纳米粒子的胰岛素释放具有pH响应性. 在pH=6.8时, 15 min即能释放58.6 %的胰岛素; 而在pH=5.4时, 24 h内仅有不到40%的胰岛素被释放. 因此, CS-NAC纳米粒子用于胰岛素的黏膜给药体系具有很好的应用前景.     

高临界电流密度NbN约瑟夫森结的制备和特性表征

我们开展了高临界电流密度的NbN约瑟夫森结的制备和特性研究.利用直流磁控溅射方法在单晶MgO(100)衬底上外延生长NbN/AlN/NbN三层膜,并使用微加工工艺制备了NbN约瑟夫森隧道结,在液氦温度下对NbN约瑟夫森结的电流-电压特性进行了测量,实验结果表明,NbN约瑟夫森结具有良好的隧穿特性,其临界电流密度J_c为10 kA/cm^2,质量因子大于10,能隙是5.7 mV,这些实验结果为基于NbN结的超导数字电路研究奠定了坚实的基础.     

一种基于单磁通量子的超导纳米线单光子探测器阵列的读出电路

超导纳米线单光子探测(Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detector, SNSPD)阵列可以实现单光子成像或高速单光子探测，如何有效对SNSPD阵列进行信号读出是实现SNSPD阵列的关键技术之一，本工作设计了一种基于超导单磁通量子(Single Flux Quantum, SFQ)的SNSPD阵列读出电路，该读出电路能够实现对阵列中SNSPD的地址分频，实验采用的核心编码电路利用4位二进制码对包含8个SNSPD的阵列进行编码，使用了基于SFQ的异或逻辑单元、D触发器、分路器和约瑟夫森传输线等标准单元，总计使用191个约瑟夫森结，采用两级流水线设计，仿真中最高可在19.4GH2的时钟频率下工作，功耗为42.1μW,在液氦环境下完成了编码电路的功能测试，验证了编码功能的正确性。