焦炉上升管内壁结焦炭层的光谱学分析及结焦机理研究

以焦炉上升管内壁结焦炭层块为研究对象，采用X射线荧光光谱仪（XRF）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、傅里叶红外光谱仪（FTIR）和激光共聚焦拉曼光谱仪（Raman）对结焦炭层的元素组成，以及各结焦炭层的矿物组成、组成结构和分子结构进行测试。分析从结焦炭层块外表面向内表面过渡的各结焦炭层的差异性，揭示焦炉上升管内壁结焦机理。结果表明焦炉上升管内粉尘中Fe，S和Cr极易催化荒煤气中蒽、萘等稠环芳烃化合物成炭，在焦炉上升管内壁形成炭颗粒沉积，为焦油凝结挂壁提供载体，在荒煤气温度降至结焦温度时易结焦积碳。结焦炭层均含有芳香层结构，随着结焦炭层从外表面向内表面过渡，各结焦炭层的面层间距(d₀₀₂)逐渐降低、层片直径(L_a)先降低后增加、层片堆砌高度(Lc)和芳香层数(N)先稳定后增加。结焦炭层石墨化过程是由结焦炭层内表面向外表面进行，主要包括其片层外缘的羧基和部分C-O结构的降解剥离，从而形成高度规整的共轭结构。结焦炭层块中C元素是以结晶碳与无定型碳的混合物形式存在。以上研究为解决焦炉上升管内壁结焦及腐蚀问题，提高换热器换热效率，有效回收焦炉荒煤气显热，降低焦化企业能耗提供实验基础和理论依据。     

Towards the meV limit of the effective neutrino mass in neutrinoless double-beta decays

We emphasize that it is extremely important for future neutrinoless double-beta(0νββ)decay experiments to reach the sensitivity to the effective neutrino mass|mββ|≈1 meV.With such a sensitivity,it is highly possible to discover the signals of 0νββ decays.If no signal is observed at this sensitivity level,then either neutrinos are Dirac particles or stringent constraints can be placed on their Majorana masses.In this paper,assuming the sensitivity of|mββ|≈1 meV for future 0νββ decay experiments and the precisions on neutrion oscillation parameters after the JUNO experiment,we fully explore the constrained regions of the lightest neutrino mass m1 and two Majorana-type CP-violating phases{ρ,σ}.Several important conclusions in the case of normal neutrino mass ordering can be made.First,the lightest neutrino mass is severely constrained to a narrow range m1∈[0.7,8]meV,which together with the precision measurements of neutrino mass-squared differences from oscillation experiments completely determines the neutrino mass spectrum m2∈[8.6,11.7]meV ing phases is limited to ρ∈[130°,230°],which cannot be obtained from any other realistic experiments.Third,the sum of three neutrino masses is found to beΣ≡m1+m2+m3∈[59.2,72.6]meV,while the effective neutrino mass for beta decays turns out to be mβ≡(|Ue1|2m1^2+|Ue2|2m2^2+|Ue3|2m3^2)1/2∈[8.9,12.6]meV.These observations clearly set up the roadmap for future non-oscillation neutrino experiments aiming to solve the fundamental problems in neutrino physics.     

微流控纸芯片的加工及其分析应用的实验设计*

设计了一个使用喷墨打印法加工微流控纸芯片的实验,在经烷基烯酮二聚体(AKD)的正己烷溶液浸泡过的滤纸上,以三乙醇胺溶液为打印墨水,用喷墨打印机打印出设计好的芯片图案。滤纸加热后,打印区域呈现亲水性,非打印区域为疏水性,从而制备出纸芯片,用该纸芯片通过数字比色法实现了亚硝酸根离子的定量测定。该实验不使用昂贵仪器设备,易普及。通过实验,促使学生了解微流控芯片这一前沿科学技术,锻炼学生细致、灵巧的动手能力,激发学生科技创新活力。     

剪切散斑干涉与有限元优化计算相结合实现缺陷参数的定量求解

本文将剪切散斑干涉与有限元优化分析相结合，对薄壁压力容器缝缺陷进行了定量检测，通过对优化计算结果和已知的缺陷参数所构成的目标函数的求解，获得了较为精确的缺陷参数识别结果。     

基于VIKOR和关联系数的犹豫三角模糊语言多属性决策方法

针对属性评价值为犹豫三角模糊语言集的多属性决策问题,提出一种基于VIKOR方法的犹豫三角模糊语言多属性决策方法.首先定义了犹豫三角模糊语言集的相关概念.然后运用VIKOR和关联系数方法,在可接受优势和决策过程稳定的条件下对方案进行择优,在理论分析的基础上,提出了这种新方法的计算步骤.并构建了确定最优属性权重的非线性规划模型,研究了当专家权重和属性权重未知情况下的犹豫三角模糊语言多属性决策方法.最后通过实例说明了该方法的有效性和可行性.     

核交联的含磺酸甜菜碱pH敏感胶束的制备与表征

制备了一种在疏水段带有侧基叠氮官能团的两亲性pH敏感的聚合物——聚己内酯-聚(甲基丙烯酸二乙氨基乙酯-磺酸甜菜碱)((PCL-ACL)-PDEAS);同时合成了两端带有炔基中间带有二硫键的交联剂,用红外、核磁表征了目标分子.通过两亲性高分子自组装形成胶束,并通过点击化学反应获得了核交联的胶束.通过动态光散射测定粒径,胶束酸碱滴定表征胶束的pH敏感性,还原条件下释放药物的速度,对比了非交联胶束和交联胶束的性质.结果表明,交联胶束在正常生理条件下的释放速度比未交联胶束更慢;而在有DTT的存在条件下,交联胶束由于二硫键断裂,释放速率明显加快.因此,核交联载药胶束有可能响应肿瘤的微环境实现靶向释放.     

Improved blue quantum dot light-emitting diodes via chlorine passivated ZnO nanoparticle layer

In blue quantum dot light emitting diodes (QLEDs), electron injection is insufficient, which would degrade device efficiency and stability. Herein, we employ chlorine passivated ZnO nanoparticles as electron transport layer to facilitate electron injection into QDs effectively. Moreover, it suppresses exciton quenching at the QD/ZnO interface by blocking charge transfer channel. As a result, the maximum external quantum efficiency of blue QLED was increased from 2.55% to 4.60%, and the operation lifetime of blue QLED was nearly 4 times longer than that of the control device. Our work indicates that election injection plays an important role in blue QLED efficiency and stability.     

微波辅助提取刺梨中总黄酮的工艺参数优化

以刺梨果实为原料,对微波辅助提取刺梨中的总黄酮的工艺进行研究,采用单因素试验法对影响微波辅助提取刺梨果实中总黄酮的影响因素进行分析,利用正交试验优化提取总黄酮的工艺条件。研究表明,微波辅助提取刺梨总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为:料液比1:20(g/mL),乙醇浓度60%,微波萃取功率400W,微波辐射时间3min。最佳工艺条件下的总黄酮的提取率为1.39%。     

Temperature dependence of the light yield of the LAB-based and mesitylene-based liquid scintillators

We studied the temperature dependence of the light yield of linear alkyl benzene(LAB)-based and mesitylene-based liquid scintillators. The light yield increases by 23% for both liquid scintillators when the temperature is lowered from 26 to-40, correcting for the temperature response of the photomultiplier tube. The measurements help to understand the energy response of liquid scintillator detectors. Especially, the next generation reactor neutrino experiments for neutrino mass hierarchy, such as the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory(JUNO), require very high energy resolution. As no apparent degradation on the liquid scintillator transparency was observed, lowering the operation temperature of the detector to ～4 will increase the photoelectron yield of the detector by 13%, combining the light yield increase of the liquid scintillator and the quantum efficiency increase of the photomultiplier tubes.     

中微子——通往新物理之门

<正>希格斯粒子被发现之后,粒子物理进入了一个新的阶段。希格斯粒子是粒子物理标准模型的最后一个组成部分,它的发现意味着一个时代的结束,也预示着一个新时代的开启。标准模型是系统地描述整个粒子物理、经过大量实验检验的理论体系。建立标准模型的相关工作已获得了18次诺贝尔奖。找到希格斯粒子之后,标准模型趋近完善,具有优美的结构和惊人的预言能力;另一方面,却存在暗物质、