无定形TiO2可见光敏化降解染料污染物

采用一步水解法制备了无定形TiO2(Am-TiO2),并运用X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、N2吸附-脱附和紫外-可见漫反射光谱等手段对其进行了表征.结果表明,Am-TiO2具有大的比表面积(216m2/g)和丰富的表面羟基/化学吸附的水.与晶态TiO2相比,Am-TiO2的吸收带边明显蓝移(411nm→378nm),禁...     

乙酰胺-氯化锌新型离子液体的合成及物化性质

合成了CH3CONH2-ZnCl2体系离子液体;利用红外光谱仪分析了CH3CONH2-ZnCl2离子液体的化学特征,采用步冷曲线法绘制了CH3CONH2-ZnCl2二元体系熔点图,测定了其物化性质.结果表明,CH3CONH2-ZnCl2二元体系的最低熔点为8℃;当CH3CONH2与ZnCl2的摩尔比为3:1时,Zn2+...     

自然环境条件下轮轨接触黏着特性研究进展

轮轨黏着是铁路运输中的关键基础性科学问题之一,而轮轨接触界面良好的黏着状态是列车安全和高品质运行的根本保障. 轮轨系统作为1个开放的系统,受到各种自然环境因素的影响,如湿度、温度、水、风沙甚至铁氧化物,而所有的这些环境因素都会影响轮轨接触界面的黏着状态和损伤行为. 本文中综述了水、湿度、温度和风沙等自然环境因素对轮轨黏着特性影响规律的研究进展,分析了自然环境因素下轮轨界面铁氧化物特征,重点探讨了自然环境因素对铁氧化物形成的影响及其对轮轨接触黏着特性的影响规律和作用机理,并提出了轮轨黏着的未来研究方向.      

新型手性胺膦-铱体系催化芳香酮的不对称转移氢化

合成了含-CH_3取代基的PNNP型手性双胺双膦配体, 并采用核磁共振、质谱、红外光谱及圆二色光谱等方法对其进行了表征. 在异丙醇溶液中, 考察了该配体与[IrHCI_2(COD)]_2组成的手性胺膦-铱体系对多种芳香酮的不对称转移氢化性能. 结果表明, 该手性胺膦-铱体系是催化多种芳香酮不对称氢转移氢化的优秀催化剂. 在室温下, 用该体系催化1,1-二苯基丙酮时, 可得到99%的转化率和99% ee的对映选择性.     

内蒙古段黄河水系放射性水平调查研究

给出了内蒙古段黄河水平中总α，总β，＾９０Ｓｒ，＾１３７Ｃｓ，＾４０Ｋ，＾３Ｈ，＾２１０Ｐｂ，＾２１０Ｐｏ，＾２３８Ｕ，＾２３２Ｔｈ、＾２２６Ｒａ放射性水平，结果基本为正常水平，找出了污染源，为内蒙古段黄河水中放射性监督监测建立了全面的背景材料。     

Crystal structure and ionic conductivity of Mg-doped apatite-type lanthanum silicates La10Si6-x Mgx O27-x（x=0–0.4）

Lanthanum silicates La10Si6-xMgxO27-x(x = 0–0.4) were prepared by solid state synthesis to investigate the effect of Mg doping on crystal structure and ionic conductivity. Rietveld analysis of the powder XRD patterns reveals that Mg substitution on Si site results in significant enlargement of channel triangles, favoring oxide-ion conduction. Furthermore,an increase of Mg concentration significantly influences the linear density of interstitial oxygen, which plays an important role in ionic conductivity. The Arrhenius plots of La10Si6-xMgxO27-x(x = 0–0.4) suggest that Mg-doped samples present higher conductivity and lower activation energy than non-doped La10Si6O27, and La10Si5.8Mg0.2O26.8exhibits the highest conductivity with a value of 3.0×10-2S ·cm-1at 700?C. Such conductive behavior agrees well with the refined results.The corresponding mechanism has been discussed in this paper.     

超声速转子叶片非定常引射器流场特性数值模拟

采用计算流体力学方法,结合适当的边界条件,对超声速转子叶片非定常引射器进行了模拟。从结果可以看出:此类引射器内流态复杂,主气流出口斜激波干扰现象明显,叶片设计参数对引射器性能影响很大。叶片尾部的膨胀波有效诱导了被引射气流,在短距离内增强了气流混合,湍流效应对引射器性能的影响较小;叶片可维持自旋转,提升叶片转速可增强引射效率。最后,对引射器内的流动机理进行了探讨。     

空气有害气体监测演示系统

设计和制作了空气常见有害气体的监测演示实验系统,介绍了有害气体实时监测的原理和过程.实验结果表明:监测结果迅速、准确,并提供了友好的人机交互界面和报警系统.     

Analysis of the generation mechanism of the S-shaped J—V curves of MoS2/Si-based solar cells

Amorphous-microcrystalline MoS$_{2}$ thin films are fabricated using the sol-gel method to produce MoS$_{2}$/Si-based solar cells. The generation mechanisms of the S-shaped current density-voltage ($J$-$V$) curves of the solar cells are analyzed. To improve the performance of the solar cells and address the problem of the S-shaped $J$-$V$ curve, a MoS$_{2}$ film and a p$^+$ layer are introduced into the front and back interfaces of the solar cell, respectively, which leads to the formation of a p-n junction between the p-Si and the MoS$_{2}$ film as well as ohmic contacts between the MoS$_{2}$ film and the ITO, improving the S-shaped $J$-$V$ curve. As a result of the high doping characteristics and the high work function of the p$^+$ layer, a high-low junction is formed between the p$^+$ and p layers along with ohmic contacts between the p$^+$ layer and the Ag electrode. Consequently, the S-shaped $J$-$V$ curve is eliminated, and a significantly higher current density is achieved at a high voltage. The device exhibits ideal p-n junction rectification characteristics and achieves a high power-conversion efficiency (CE) of 7.55%. The findings of this study may improve the application of MoS$_{2}$ thin films in silicon-based solar cells, which are expected to be widely used in various silicon-based electronic and optical devices.