Size effect of lead-free halide double perovskite on luminescence property

Lead-free halide double perovskites have gathered wide scientific interest since they are environmentally friendly and stable.However,compared to the lead perovskites,their optoelectronic properties are compromised.Herein we report a series of bulk lead-free mixed Bi-In halide double perovskites:Cs_2AgBi_(1-x)In_xCl_6(0x1).The Cs_2AgBi_(0.125)In_(0.875)Cl_6breaks the parity-forbidden transition and retains direct band gap structure,having warm-white light emission,with photoluminescence quantum efficiency(PLQE)of 70.3%,much higher than the PLQE of reported lead perovskite materials.Its exciton self-trapping dynamics is investigated.Meanwhile,the Cs_2AgBi_(0.125)In_(0.875)Cl_6nanocrystals and Cs_2AgBi_(0.125)In_(0.875)Cl_6microcrystals can be synthesized by modified hot injection and rapid cooling crystallization,respectively.The size effect of Cs_2AgBi_(0.125)In_(0.875)Cl_6is studied on the photoluminescence(PL)property.Additionally,the bulk material exhibits excellent stability on exposure to light,humidity and air for more than 3 months.It is a promising candidate as highly efficient warm white-light emitting material for road lighting.     

Catalytic Performance of Amorphous Ti/SiO2 in the Gas-Phase Epoxidation of Propylene with H2O2

The epoxidation of propylene with dilute H₂O₂ aqueous solution over titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) zeolite catalyst is a green chemical reaction for propylene oxide (PO) production. Carrying out the reaction in gas-phase can get rid of problems caused by using methanol solvent. This paper reports an attempt of using non-zeolite catalyst for the gas-phase epoxidation. Amorphous Ti/SiO₂, obtained by grafting amorphous SiO₂ with TCl₄ in ethanol solvent in a chemical liquid-phase deposition (CLD) process, has been used as the catalyst. Results show that the CLD Ti/SiO₂ with appropriate Si/Ti molar ratio is an active catalyst for gas-phase epoxidation, achieving 9.8 % propylene conversion and 66.9 % PO selectivity with 40.3 % H₂O₂ utilization, which indicates that this amorphous Ti/SiO₂ catalyst deserves extensive studies in the future.     

采用CO吸附原位红外光谱研究Pt/TiO_2光催化体系中助催化剂作用

采用CO作为探针分子,将原位透射红外光谱应用于研究助催化剂Pt在Pt/TiO2光催化体系中的作用.实验发现,光照条件下,CO的覆盖度及样品温度没有明显变化,CO在Pt/TiO2上的吸附峰红移11 cm–1,在Pt/Al2O3上的吸附峰没有位移,表明CO在Pt/TiO2上的红移来源于TiO2上的光生电子转移到Pt上,这解释了为什么加入Pt助催化剂可提高光催化产氢活性.     

采用CO吸附原位红外光谱研究Pt/TiO2光催化体系中助催化剂作用

采用CO作为探针分子,将原位透射红外光谱应用于研究助催化剂Pt在Pt/TiO2光催化体系中的作用.实验发现,光照条件下,CO的覆盖度及样品温度没有明显变化,CO在Pt/TiO2上的吸附峰红移11 cm–1,在Pt/Al2O3上的吸附峰没有位移,表明CO在Pt/TiO2上的红移来源于TiO2上的光生电子转移到Pt上,这解释了为什么加入Pt助催化剂可提高光催化产氢活性.     

Study of the Phase Transformation of Single Particles of Ga2O3 by UV‐Raman Spectroscopy and High‐Resolution TEM

By taking advantage of UV‐Raman spectroscopy and high‐resolution TEM (HRTEM), combined with the focused ion beam (FIB) technique, the transformation from GaOOH into α‐Ga₂O₃ and then into β‐Ga₂O₃ was followed. We found that the stepwise transformations took place from the surface region before developing into the bulk of single particles without particle agglomeration and growth. During the transformation from GaOOH into α‐Ga₂O₃, the elimination of water vapor through the dehydroxylation of GaOOH resulted in the formation of micropores in the single particles, whilst maintaining their particle size. For the phase transformation from α‐Ga₂O₃ into β‐Ga₂O₃, the nucleation of β‐Ga₂O₃ was found to occur at the surface defects and this process could be retarded by occupying these defects with a small amount of La₂O₃. By finely controlling the process of the phase transformation, the β‐Ga₂O₃ domains gradually developed from the surface into the bulk of the single particles without particle agglomeration. Therefore, the surface structure of the α‐Ga₂O₃ single particles can be easily tuned and a particle with an α@β core–shell phase structure has been obtained.     

Synthesis and Morphology Control of AM‐6 Nanofibers with Tailored ‐V‐O‐V‐ Intermediates

Microporous vanadosilicates with octahedral VO₆ and tetrahedral SiO₄ units, better known as AM‐6, have been hydrothermally synthesized with different morphologies by controlling the Na/K molar ratio of the initial gel mixtures. The morphology of the AM‐6 materials changed from bulky cube to nanofiber aggregates as the Na/K molar ratio decreased from 1.9 to 0.2. Raman spectroscopy revealed that the VO₃^? intermediate species plays an important role in the formation of the nanofiber morphology. The orientation of ‐V‐O‐V‐ chains in nanofiber aggregates was examined by confocal polarized micro‐Raman spectroscopy. It was found that these aggregates are assemblies of short ‐V‐O‐V‐ chains perpendicular to the axis of nanofibers. The obtained AM‐6 nanofibers greatly increase the exposed proportion of V? O terminals, and thus improve the catalytic performance.     

紫外拉曼光谱研究焙烧气氛对氧化锆相变的影响

 以紫外拉曼光谱技术研究了在不同焙烧气氛中氧化锆样品的表面晶相结构及其转变过程．结果表明，在有氧气氛中焙烧的氧化锆样品易转变为单斜相，而在惰性气氛中焙烧可以有效地稳定样品体相和表面的四方相结构．在缺氧气氛中焙烧的样品暴露于空气中后，表面极易转变为单斜相，而其体相仍为四方相结构，这表明四方相氧化锆在样品表面是极不稳定的．     

Pt/TiO2光催化分解甲酸制氢反应的原位红外光谱研究

用原位红外光谱研究了无氧条件下Pt/TiO2光催化甲酸制氢反应机理.结果表明,物理吸附的甲酸物种在光催化反应过程中向甲酸根离子转化,而甲酸根离子则逐渐向碳酸盐物种转化.水蒸气的添加显著促进了甲酸在Pt/TiO2上光催化反应的进行,并提高了产氢效率.提出了该光催化反应的可能机理.     

一种乌青铜结构光催化剂：铁电-顺电相变与光催化性质

近年来,铁电材料作为一种潜在的高活性光催化剂材料越来越多地受到研究者关注.由于晶体结构的对称性破缺导致铁电晶体中出现自发极化,在这种极化内建电场的影响下,光生电子-空穴将发生空间分离,从而有效抑制载流子复合,进一步提高光催化体系的总量子效率.文献报道了很多性能优异的铁电光伏器件,在这样的思路下,越来越多的材料被直接作为光催化材料来研究,但有关顺电-铁电差异的报道很少,铁电性与光催化性能关联的直接证据尚有欠缺.研究表明, SrxBa1-xNb2O6(SBN)材料的居里温度(TC)对组分调变有很强的依赖性,当 Sr2+含量发生改变时(x =0.32-0.82),其居里温度可在10-270oC范围内变化.因此,合成一个居里温度接近室温的 SBN材料,研究其在顺/铁电相下自发极化行为、光生电荷分离行为、光催化行为及结构演变,就可能得到一个关于铁电性与光催化性能关系的直接证据,并有助于理解二者的关联性.本文以较低温度(65°C)下发生铁-顺电相变的 Sr0.7Ba0.3Nb2O6(SBN-70)材料为模型体系,使用X射线衍射、紫外可见光谱及不同温度下的铁电及介电测试、光电测试、光催化产氢和荧光激发谱等表征技术,研究了 SBN-70光电/光催化性能差异与相结构的相关性.首先使用高温固相合成法制备了纯相的四方钨青铜型 SBN-70材料,根据紫外可见漫反射光谱表征结果,推测 SBN-70材料在热力学上可发生光催化水分解反应.对 SBN-70进行的铁电及介电测试表明 SBN-70属于典型的弛豫型铁电材料：介电峰温度宽化显著,且介电峰位置随不同测试频率发生变化.在f =1 kHz测试下,其名义居里温度约为65oC.使用高温下两步烧结法制备了致密的 Ag/SBN-70/Ag陶瓷样品.受到高强度电场(E =30 kV/cm)极化的 Ag/SBN-70/Ag样品在紫外光照射下出现了显著光伏效应,铁电回线测试表明极化后的 SBN-70材料中存在强度约为0.8 kV/cm由剩余极化导致的内建电场,当经过极化的 SBN-70经过80oC退火后,光伏效应消失.结果表明, SBN-70极化后在内建极化场的作用下,在低温铁电相表现了显著的光生电荷分离能力,在进入高温顺电相后,这种分离能力随着自发极化的消失而消失.同时我们发现担载 Pt的 SBN-70粉末样品作为光催化剂在不同温度下存在很大的光催化产氢活性差异：反应在15oC时,产氢量为4.5μmol,随着反应温度升高,其产氢量升高,在60oC时为5.3μmol,继续升高温度至80oC时,发生了反常的活性变化,即产氢活性完全消失.这种反常的活性-温度关系可能与 SBN-70的铁-顺电相变有关：进入高温顺电相(80oC)后,晶体结构回到4/mmm点群,铁电畴结构不再存在,从而丧失了作为电荷分离驱动力的自发极化.不同温度下荧光激发谱结果也暗示了 SBN-70在高于65oC附近极化结构的消失.本文结果表明,铁电相中存在的铁电极化结构确实有利于光生电荷分离,进而提高了光催化反应活性.