液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱测定蜂蜜中8种大环内酯类药物残留

建立了蜂蜜中大环内酯类抗生素红霉素(ERM)、罗红霉素(ROM)、替米卡星(TIL)、泰乐菌素(TYL)、北里霉素(KIT)、交沙霉素(JOS)、竹桃霉素(OLM)及螺旋霉素Ⅰ(SPM-Ⅰ)的高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(LC-ESI-MS/MS)检测方法。样品经固相萃取提取、净化、反相液相色谱分离后进行质谱分析,在选择反应监测模式(SRM)下进行特征母-子离子对信号采集。根据保留时间和母离子及两个特征子离子信息进行定性分析,以基峰离子进行定量。大环内酯类残留的检出限(S/N=3)为0.2μg/kg,定量限为1.0μg/kg,在5.0-200μg/L时峰强度与质量浓度的线性关系良好(R2>0.99)。在2.0、10.0、20.0和40.0μg/kg 4个添加水平下,除个别药物外,大环内酯类的平均回收率范围为60%~130%;日内RSD<10%,日间RSD<15%。结果表明,该法简单、灵敏,特异性强,适用于蜂蜜中大环内酯类药物残留的分析确证。     

亲水作用色谱-串联质谱法测定蜂蜜中链霉素和双氢链霉素残留

建立了亲水作用色谱-串联质谱（HILIC-MS/MS）测定蜂蜜中链霉素和双氢链霉素的分析方法。样品中链霉素和双氢链霉素经20 g/L三氯乙酸水溶液（含50 mmol/L磷酸盐，pH 6.8）提取，HLB固相萃取柱净化，采用HILIC-MS/MS对目标物进行定性和定量分析。采用SIELC Obelisc R色谱柱，以0.5%（体积分数）甲酸水溶液和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱分离，在正离子模式下检测，外标法定量。该方法在2.5~100 μg/L范围内线性关系良好（r>0.99），检出限（LOD）为2.0 μg/kg，定量限（LOQ）为5.0 μg/kg。在空白蜂蜜样品中进行5.0、20.0、100.0 μg/kg 3个水平的加标回收试验，方法的平均回收率为86.9%~113.2%，精密度在10%以下。该方法简单、快速、灵敏，重复性好，可用于蜂蜜中链霉素和双氢链霉素的定量测定。     

Multimachine power system stabilizer based on optimal multistage fuzzy PID attendant honey bee mating optimization

This article presents a new strategy based on multistage fuzzy PID controller for damping power system stabilizer in multimachine environment using Honey Bee Mating Optimization (HBMO). The proposed technique is a new metaheuristic algorithm which is inspired by mating procedure of the honey bee. Actually, the mentioned algorithm is used recently in power systems which demonstrate the good reflex of this algorithm. Also, finding the parameters of PID controller in power system has direct effect for damping oscillation. Hence, to reduce the design effort and find a better fuzzy system control, the parameters of proposed controller is obtained by HBMO that leads to design controller with simple structure that is easy to implement. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is applied to single machine connected to infinite bus and IEEE 3–9 bus power system. The proposed technique is compared with other techniques through integral of the time multiplied absolute value of the error and figure of demerit. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 234–245, 2016     

液相色谱-四极杆/离子阱质谱快速测定蜂蜜中痕量硝基咪唑类药物及其代谢物残留

采用液相色谱-四极杆/离子阱串联质谱(LC-QTRAP)建立了蜂蜜中痕量硝基咪唑类药物(甲硝哒唑、咯硝哒唑、二甲硝咪唑、异丙硝唑)及其羟基代谢物(2-羟甲基-1-甲基-5-硝基咪唑、羟基甲硝唑和羟基异丙硝唑)残留的快速测定方法。样品经磷酸盐缓冲液(0.5 mol/L,pH 8.8)/乙酸乙酯提取,高速冷冻离心净化;C18柱色谱分离,流动相为0.1%甲酸水溶液-甲醇,梯度洗脱;质谱采集使用预设定多反应监测(sMRM)-信息依赖性采集(IDA)-增强子离子扫描(EPI)模式;目标分析物使用同位素内标定量,在线EPI谱库辅助定性。7种目标分析物在0.125～50.0μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r>0.999);定量下限(LLD)均达到0.1μg/kg;1LLD、2LLD和4LLD 3个加标水平的回收率为94%～108%;相对标准偏差(RSD)均不大于11.4%。     

Response Surface Methodology to Optimize the Isolation of Dominant Volatile Compounds from Monofloral Greek Thyme Honey Using SPME-GC-MS

This study aimed at an experimental design of response surface methodology (RSM) in the optimization of the dominant volatile fraction of Greek thyme honey using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). For this purpose, a multiple response optimization was employed using desirability functions, which demand a search for optimal conditions for a set of responses simultaneously. A test set of eighty thyme honey samples were analyzed under the optimum conditions for validation of the proposed model. The optimized combination of isolation conditions was the temperature (60 °C), equilibration time (15 min), extraction time (30 min), magnetic stirrer speed (700 rpm), sample volume (6 mL), water: honey ratio (1:3 v/w) with total desirability over 0.50. It was found that the magnetic stirrer speed, which has not been evaluated before, had a positive effect, especially in combination with other factors. The above-developed methodology proved to be effective in the optimization of isolation of specific volatile compounds from a difficult matrix, like honey. This study could be a good basis for the development of novel RSM for other monofloral honey samples.     

Discrimination of Rice Syrup Adulterant of Acacia Honey Based Using Near-Infrared SpectroscopySCIEI北大核心CSCD

At present, the rice syrup as a low price of the sweeteners was often adulterated into acacia honey and the adulterated honeys were sold in honey markets, while there is no suitable and fast method to identify honey adulterated with rice syrup. In this study, Near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) combined with chemometric methods were used to discriminate authenticity of honey. 20 unprocessed acacia honey samples from the different honey producing areas, mixed? with different proportion of rice syrup, were prepared of seven different concentration gradient? including 121 samples. The near infrared spectrum (NIR) instrument and spectrum processing software have been applied in the? spectrum? scanning and data conversion on adulterant samples, respectively. Then it was analyzed by Principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical discriminant analysis methods in order to discriminating adulterated honey, The results showed that after principal components analysis, the first two principal components accounted for 97.23% of total variation, but the regionalism of the score plot of the first two PCs was not obvious, so the canonical discriminant analysis was used to make the further discrimination, all samples had been discriminated correctly, the first two discriminant functions accounted for 91.6% among the six canonical discriminant functions, Then the different concentration of adulterant samples can be discriminated correctly, it illustrate that canonical discriminant analysis method combined with NIR spectroscopy is not only feasible but also practical for rapid and effective discriminate of the rice syrup adulterant of acacia honey.     

Synthesis of leptosin,a glycoside isolated from mānuka honey

The first synthesis of leptosin, a novel glycoside isolated from mānuka honey is described. Utilising an acetyl protecting group strategy the glycoside was obtained with excellent anomeric selectivity by deploying a Schmidt glycosylation as a key step.     

Determination of Amantadine Residue in Honey by Solid‐phase Extraction and High‐performance Liquid Chromatography with Pre‐column Derivatization and Fluorometric Detection

Amantadine (AMA) is an anti‐viral drug used in apiculture to protect honeybee against the sacbrood virus (Morator aetatulae). This study described a reliable high‐performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for analyzing AMA in honey using a solid‐phase extraction (SPE) cartridge (Plexa PCX) for purification, 4‐fluoro‐7‐nitro‐2,1,3‐benzoxadiazole (NBD‐F) as a pre‐column derivatization agent, and fluorometric detection (λ_ex=470 nm, λ_em=530 nm). The chromatographic separation was performed on an XDB C18 column (150×4.6 mm i.d.) using 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid/acetonitrile (35:65,V/V) as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min⁻¹ with a run time of 20 min. Under these optimal conditions, a linear relationship was observed in the range of 0.025–1.0 µg· mL⁻¹ with a good correlation coefficient (0.998) and low limit of detection (0.0080 µg·g⁻¹), the recoveries were all above 90%, and the intra‐day and inter‐day precision (RSD) ranged from 3.4%–5.1%.     

Determination of Trace Metals in Southern Nigerian Honey by Use of Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy

Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) was employed for the elemental characterization of samples of honey—a multifunctional viscous liquid that is made by honeybees. The honey samples were collected from five different towns in southern Nigeria. Seven elements (Ca, Zn, Fe, Cu, Ni, Ti, and Pb) were determined. Iron was the most abundant element with mean concentration of 224 ppm whereas Pb was the least abundant with mean concentration of 0.62 ppm. The results indicate that honey is rich in essential and beneficial minerals required for healthy growth. The correlation matrix results also show that some of the trace metals determined have common sources or chemical similarities.     

Rapid detection of sucrose adulteration in honey using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Abstract

Honey authenticity is of great importance for commercial and health reasons. The most common adulteration methods are overfeeding of bees with sugar or by adding sucrose. In the study, a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy based on chemometric method, a partial least squares, for determination of sucrose sirup adulteration of Turkish honeys was improved. For this purpose, honey samples were adulterated with known amounts of sucrose sirup in concentrations ranging between 5.94 and 27.80%. A calibration curve was constructed within 992–923?cm^?1 with the regression coefficient of 0.999. Obtained results from the spectra were confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography-refractive index detector and a good correlation was found between the results of the spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. Additionally, some method validation parameters (linearity, repeatability, limit of detection, and quantification) of the spectroscopic method were studied and obtained results were compared with chromatographic method. To prove the usefulness of the method, twenty different honey samples were collected from markets in Turkey and analyzed for sucrose contents. The results indicated that predicted sucrose concentration of honey samples by the spectroscopic method ranged between 4.52 and 15.16% and results were confirmed by the chromatographic method with high correlation (correlation coefficient = 92%). The results of the present indicated showed that adulteration ratio of honey samples by sugar addition can be detected using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique in a short time with high accuracy. In conclusion, this method could be regarded as a new alternative technique for routine analysis in quality control of honey samples.