Cooperation in changing environments: Irreversibility in the transition to cooperation in complex networks

In the framework of the evolutionary dynamics of the Prisoner’s Dilemma game on complex networks, we investigate the possibility that the average level of cooperation shows hysteresis under quasi-static variations of a model parameter (the “temptation to defect”). Under the “discrete replicator” strategy updating rule, for both Erdös–Rényi and Barabási–Albert graphs we observe cooperation hysteresis cycles provided one reaches tipping point values of the parameter; otherwise, perfect reversibility is obtained. The selective fixation of cooperation at certain nodes and its organization in cooperator clusters, that are surrounded by fluctuating strategists, allows the rationalization of the “lagging behind” behavior observed.     

Effects of crystallinity on laser-induced voltage effect from Zn0.9Co0.1O thin film

Co-doped ZnO epilayer films were grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on vicinal cut silicon and sapphire substrates. Changes in deposition time were observed as a moderate effect on the quality of the films, and the influence of the thickness on thermoelectric signals from Zn_0.9Co_0.1O thin films were discussed. The effect of one of the main deposition parameters, the deposition time, on the crystallinity and electron mobility properties of the Zn_0.9Co_0.1O thin films grown on sapphire was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and laser-induced voltage (LIV) effect. It shown that the XRD rocking curve full-width half-maximun (FWHM) decreased as time increasing, and the LIV signals were observed along the tilting angle of the substrate orientation when the pulsed KrF excimer laser of 248 nm were irradiated on the films. When the films illuminated in pulse lasers, the highest signals occurred in the films with best crystalline quality, and the signals were higher in the films grown on sapphire than those on silicon substrates. It suggested that the electrical resistivity and electron mobility have close relations with not only the crystallinity but also with the interface of the thin films.     

AAO模板吸收光谱变化及红移现象研究

阳极氧化铝(AAO)模板作为一种制备表面增强拉曼散射光谱(SERS)基底的工具被广泛使用。为了制备SERS效果更好的基底, 研究AAO模板自身的属性显得极为重要。本文以0.4 mol/L的草酸为电解液制备出高度有序的AAO模板。发现其吸收光谱在203、250、275 nm处有三个吸收峰, 其中203和275 nm处的吸收峰, 分别由F心(带两个电子的氧空位)和F+心(带一个电子的氧空位)产生。而250 nm处的吸收峰, 由制备过程中引入的草酸根离子产生。并给出了随着退火温度升高250、275 nm的吸收峰消失的合理解释。通过对不同氧化时间、氧化电压下制备的AAO模板吸收光谱的研究, 发现延长氧化时间对AAO模板吸收带边的红移影响不大, 而升高氧化电压则使AAO模板的吸收带边出现了明显红移。表明氧化电压的升高对AAO模板的内部结构及缺陷的变化影响极大。     

利用一块相位掩模和两块棱镜改变光纤光栅的写入Bragg波长

一种相位掩模干涉仪被用于写入不同的Bragg波长的。在该系统中,光纤光栅是由来自两可旋转棱镜所形成的紫外干涉条纹写入的,其中,相位掩模被用作&;#61617;1级衍射光的分束器。并且,当两块顶角由相位掩模的&;#61617;1级衍射角和棱镜折射率确定的棱镜的底部相互平行放置时,该相位掩模给出了Bragg波长的参考值。当Bragg波长的移位为1 nm时,棱镜最大的旋转角为1 degree,最小的旋转角是~2.4 minute。与Talbot干涉仪中平面镜的旋转角~23 second/nm相比,该相位干涉仪中棱镜的旋转精度降低了2~3个数量级。替代了许多具有不同光栅周期的相位掩模,该可调谐相位掩模干涉仪仅用一块相位掩模和两块旋转棱镜就实现了写入具有不同Bragg波长的光栅。     

古水水电站工程区域堆积体边坡工程地质分析

基于弹性有限变形理论和电弹性体偏场理论,对半无限压电体及其表面电极层间存在 穿透脱层的屈曲问题进行了分析. 采用平面应变模型,在脱层远处作用有平行于脱层的应变 载荷. 使用Fourier积分变换,应用脱层界面的连续条件和电极表面的边界条件将问题归为 第2类Cauchy型奇异积分方程组. 利用Gauss-Chebyshev积分公式将奇异积分方程组变为 齐次线性代数方程组,以确定临界应变载荷. 通过数值算例,给出了底层为PZT-4材料、 电极为金属Pt在不同的脱层长厚比时的临界应变载荷和屈曲形状,分析了压电体的压 电、介电效应对屈曲载荷的影响. 另外给出了脱层屈曲时,脱层尖端奇异性振荡因子随不同 脱层长厚比的关系曲线.     

Behavioral and procedural consequences of structural variation in value trees

Our experiment shows that the division of attributes in value trees can either increase or decrease the weight of an attribute. The structural variation of value trees may also change the rank of attributes. We propose that our new findings related to the splitting bias, some other phenomena appearing with attribute weighting in value trees, and the number-of-attribute-levels effect in conjoint analysis may have the same origins. One origin for these phenomena is that decision makers' responses mainly reflect the rank of attributes and not to the full extent the strength of their preferences as the value theory assumes. We call this the unadjustment phenomenon. A procedural source of biases is the normalization of attribute weights. One consequence of these two factors is that attribute weights change if attributes are divided in a value tree. We also discuss how the biases in attribute weighting could be avoided in practice.     

岩石爆破破碎能耗随抵抗线的变化规律

针对爆炸荷载下岩体破碎块度和有用功能耗及能耗利用率问题,运用断裂力学、分形基础理论分析和模型实验等方法,对爆炸荷载下岩体破碎块度和能耗利用率随最小抵抗线的变化规律开展了系统的分析研究。研究结果表明:在模型实验条件下,破碎块度分形维数在1.2～1.7之间,随最小抵抗线增大呈现较好的线性衰减趋势;破碎能耗随最小抵抗线呈现先增加后降低的趋势,爆炸能量利用率在4.57%～12.51%之间,趋势与能耗值一致,模型实验中能耗利用率存在最大值;破碎块度与能耗利用率变化趋势相反,说明在最小抵抗线变化过程中存在一个最佳值,使得破碎块度和能耗利用率均处于最优状态,模型实验中这一最佳值为160 mm,是装药直径的26.7倍。该研究结果可为提高爆炸能利用率理论分析及工程中降低大块率的设计和施工提供理论依据。     

Dynamical behavior of a mechanical system including Saint-Venant component coupled to a non-linear energy sink

Multi-scale vibratory energy exchange between a main oscillator including Saint-Venant term and a cubic non-linear energy sink is studied. Analytically obtained invariant manifold of the system at a fast time scale and detected fixed points and/or fold singularities at a first slow time scale let us predict and explain different regimes that the system may face during the energy exchange process. The paper will be accompanied by some numerical results confirming our analytical predictions.     

Fabrication and performance characterization of Al/Ni multilayer energetic films

Al/Ni multilayer bridge films, which were composed of alternate Al and Ni layers with bilayer thicknesses of 50, 100 and 200 nm, were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering. In each bilayer, the thickness ratio of Al to Ni was maintained at 3:2 to obtain an overall 1:1 atomic composition. The total thickness of Al/Ni multilayer films was 2 μm. XRD measurements show that the compound of AlNi is the final product of the exothermic reactions. DSC curves show that the values of heat release in Al/Ni multilayer films with bilayer thicknesses of 50, 100 and 200 nm are 389.43, 396.69 and 409.92 J?g^?1, respectively. The temperatures of Al/Ni multilayer films were obviously higher than those of Al bridge film and Ni bridge film. Al/Ni multilayer films with modulation of 50 nm had the highest electrical explosion temperature of 7000 K. The exothermic reaction in Al/Ni multilayer films leads to a more intense electric explosion. Al/Ni multilayer bridge films with modulation period of 50 nm explode more rapidly and intensely than other bridge films because decreasing the bilayer thickness results in an increased reaction velocity.