Dynamical behaviors of fluid-conveyed multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Based on an elastic beam model and potential flow theory, and by adopting N-mode Galerkin discretization technique, the dynamical stability behaviors of fluid-conveyed multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are studied. The influences of the flow inside the innermost tube and the van der Waals (vdW) interaction between any two walls on the instabilities of the CNTs-fluid system are discussed on the numerical simulations in detail. Also, the effects of the innermost tube radius, the length and the layer quantity of MWCNTs on the critical velocities of the destabilized system are intensively analyzed and compared. The results show that the critical velocities increase sharply as the radius becomes larger, the layer quantity increases, and the length decreases. The bifurcations happen in turn of divergence and Hopf types.     

Analysis of nonlinear dynamic stability of liquid-converying pipes

Nonlinearly dynamic stability of flexible liquid-conveying pipe in fluid structure interaction was analyzed by using modal disassembling technique. The effects of Poisson, Junction and Friction couplings in the wave-flowing-vibration system on the pipe dynamic stability were included in the analytical model constituted by four nonlinear differential equations. An analyzing example of cantilevered pipe was done to illustrate the dynamic stability characteristics of the pipe in the full coupling mechanisms, and the phase curves related to the first four modal motions were drawn. The results show that the dynamic stable characteristics of the pipe are very complicated in the complete coupling mechanisms, and the kinds of the singularity points corresponding to the various modal motions are different. Foundation items: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50079007); the Hydraulic Science Foundation of China Hydraulic Ministry (SZ9830); the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Provicce (98E003G) Biographies: ZHANG Li-xiang (1959−) HUANG Wen-hu (1926−)     

The fabrication of Ag nanoflake arrays via self-assembly on the surface of an anodic aluminum oxide template

Vertical-aligned Ag nanoflake arrays are fabricated on the surface of an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template under a hydrothermal condition for the first time. The porous surface of AAO templates and the precursor solution may play key roles in the process of fabricating Ag nanoflakes. The rim of pores can provide many active sites for nucleation and growth, and then nanoflake arrays gradually form through self-assembly of Ag on the surface of AAO membranes. The product is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a growth mechanism of nanoflake is deduced. This work demonstrates that it is possible to make ordered nanoarrays without dissolving templates using the hydrothermal method, and this interesting Ag nanoflake arrays may provide a wider range of nanoscale applications.     

In situ investigation of ice formation on surfaces with representative wettability

In this work, we have prepared a series of samples with five representative surface wettabilities: i.e. superhydrophilic, hydrophilic, critical, hydrophobic and superhydrophobic. These samples were in situ observed the freezing process of water droplets on clean and artificially contaminated surfaces to investigate the relationship between surface wettability and ice formation. Ice accretion was also tested by spraying supercooled water to samples at different horizontal inclination angles (HIA). Surface topography was proved to be essential to the icing through heterogeneous nucleation. However, the correlation between surface wettability and ice formation was not observed. Finally, we found that the superhydrophobic surface clearly exhibited reduced ice accumulation in the initial stage of ice formation associated with the lower sliding angle (SA) of water droplets.     

Numerical simulation of three-dimensional incompressible fluid in a box flow passage considering fluid–structure interaction by differential quadrature method

A numerical simulation scheme of 3D incompressible viscous fluid in a box flow passage is developed to solve Navier–Stokes (N–S) equations by firstly taking fluid–structure interaction (FSI) into account. This numerical scheme with FSI is based on the polynomial differential quadrature (PDQ) approximation technique, in which motions of both the fluid and the solid boundary structures are well described. The flow passage investigated consists of four rectangular plates, of which two are rigid, while another two are elastic. In the simulation the elastic plates are allowed to vibrate subjected to excitation of the time-dependent dynamical pressure induced by the unsteady flow in the passage. Meanwhile, the vibrating plates change the flow pattern by producing many transient sources and sinks on the plates. The effects of FSI on the flow are evaluated by running numerical examples with the incoming flow’s Reynolds numbers of 3000, 7000 and 10,000, respectively. Numerical computations show that FSI has significant influence on both the velocity and pressure fields, and the DQ method developed here is effective for modelling 3D incompressible viscous fluid with FSI.     

Ag掺杂的La0.67Pb0.33MnO3薄膜中激光感生热电电压效应

采用脉冲激光沉积法在倾斜LaAlO₃衬底上制备了Ag掺杂的La_0.67Pb_0.33MnO₃(LPMO)系列薄膜，发现该类薄膜中有激光感生热电电压(LITV)效应.随着掺Ag量x(x为Ag的质量与LPMO的质量之比)从0.00增加到0.10，LPMO薄膜中的LITV信号的响应时间先递减后递增，但始终小于未掺Ag的薄膜，掺Ag量x=0.06时响应时间最小.研究发现LPMO薄膜存在一个最佳厚度，在这一厚度下可使得LITV信号 关键词： 3薄膜')" href="#">LaPbMnO₃薄膜 激光感生热电电压 各向异性Seebeck系数 响应时间     

Strongly coupled simulation of fluid–structure interaction in a Francis hydroturbine

This work simulates a complex fluid flow in fluid–structure interaction (FSI). The flow under consideration is governed by Navier–Stokes equations for incompressible viscous fluids and modeled with the finite volume method. Large eddy simulation is used to simulate the unsteady turbulent flow. The structure is represented by a finite element formulation. The present work introduces a strongly coupled partitioned approach that is applied to complex flow in fluid machinery. In this approach, the fluid and structure equations are solved separately using different solvers, but are implicitly coupled into one single module based on sensitivity analysis of the important displacement and stress modes. The applied modes and their responses are used to build up a reduced‐order model. The proposed model is used to predict the unsteady flow fields of a 3D complete passage, involving in stay, guide vanes, and runner blades, for a Francis hydro turbine and FSI is considered. The computational results show that a fairly good convergence solution is achieved by using the reduced‐order model that is based on only a few displacement and stress modes, which largely reduces the computational cost, compared with traditional approaches. At the same time, a comparison of the numerical results of the model with available experimental data validates the methodology and assesses its accuracy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新手熟手初中化学教师课堂教学行为特征的比较研究*——以“酸和碱”单元教学为例

通过对新手化学教师和熟手化学教师各4节“酸和碱”单元常态课堂中教师使用教学行为链、教学行为对在时间和频次等方面的特征进行对比分析发现,在教学行为链上,新、熟手化学教师都会在较高水平的教学行为链上花费更多的时间,熟手化学教师高水平教学行为链在频次上的占比要优于新手化学教师,在不同教学行为链时间安排上的合理性要更高一些;在教学行为对上,新、熟手化学教师都多以“问”和“讲”,学生多以“答”的方式来展开课堂活动,熟手化学教师在每一次“动”和“思”上所用时间要明显高于新手化学教师,学生参与课堂的水平上,熟手化学教师要优于新手化学教师。得出如下启示:与熟手化学教师相比,新手化学教师应有效地组织和安排课堂教学行为,注重对“酸和碱”学科内容本身及其教学的驾驭。无论是熟手还是新手化学教师均应进一步给予学生课堂参与的机会。     

攀枝花地区冰期膨胀土的工程特性研究

攀枝花地区冰期膨胀土生成于二冰期晚期中更新统冰期,通过室内和现场物理力学试验和分析,揭示攀枝花地区冰期膨胀土的物理力学性质具有很大的离散性,其性质受土体的矿物成分、含水率、裂隙面、埋藏深度、级配、试验条件等因素、条件的影响。试验研究表明:膨胀土中的裂隙面按光滑程度不相同,可分为两种类型,即光滑裂隙面和光滑擦痕裂隙面; 粗粒矿物对胀缩性影响不大,而细粒矿物对胀缩性影响较大; 裸露或近地表,土层风化剧烈,裂隙较发育,膨胀力度就稍大; 同一地区的膨胀土,蒙脱石含量愈高,自由膨胀率愈大,其膨胀等级就愈高; 不同场地内的膨胀土其物理力学性质指标存在一些差异,但差异性较小; 攀枝花冰期膨胀土层的黏粒含量并不大; 不同场地内的膨胀土抗剪强度值变化较大,同一场地内的膨胀土抗剪强度值有起伏; 攀枝花冰期膨胀土多数呈硬塑-坚硬状,自然状态下其抗压变形能力较好,在浸水饱和状态下,膨胀土的承载力几乎成倍数下降。